Commentary

A great treacherous person looks like a loyal person, but a great greedy person wears his shoes in vain. Be careful in the presence of good words, money, beauties, and loyal friends. A knife might suddenly fly out of your laughter and stab your heart without any hesitation.

In the fifth year of Emperor Taizu Gao's reign (Jihai, 202 BC), Chen Guang said: Death is inevitable in life, just like it is inevitable in the night; from ancient times to the present, there has never been anything transcendent. The one who survives alone. With the ovary's clear discernment, it is enough to know that the gods are imaginary and deceitful; but if they want to wander from the red pine seeds, their wisdom can be known. When a husband is successful and famous, it is difficult for people to be ministers. As Emperor Gao called them, they were just three outstanding figures. Huaiyang is punishing the barbarians, and Xiao He is imprisoned. It is not possible to stop it without filling it with shoes! Therefore, Zifang entrusts himself to gods, abandons the human world, waits for fame in external things, and ignores honor and profit. The so-called wise man who protects his life is like Zifang.

——"Zizhi Tongjian" Volume 11 Han Ji 3

Commentary

Sima Guang believed that a person should treat fame, fortune and wealth correctly. The three heroes of the early Han Dynasty had completely different life outcomes. Han Xin was killed, Xiao He was imprisoned, and only Zhang Liang lived in seclusion in Nanshan, faded out of officialdom, and protected himself wisely. There are conflicts between the emperor and his ministers, as well as the inability to treat fame correctly.

Lao Tzu once said: "If you achieve success and never live there, you will not leave." This makes sense under the ancient Chinese political autocratic system. But how to look at life, there are positive attitudes and negative attitudes. In the first chapter of "Dream of Red Mansions", "Zhen Shiyin's dream is psychic, and Jia Yucun is pregnant with a lady", there is a Taoist priest singing "Good Song", which is a representative statement of seeing through the world of mortals and treating life negatively. Lyrics:

Everyone in the world knows that gods are good, but they cannot forget their fame! Where are the generals from ancient to modern times? A pile of grass disappeared in the barren grave. Everyone knows that gods are good, but gold and silver cannot be forgotten! In the end, I only regretted that there was not much gathering, and when it was too long, my eyes closed. Everyone in the world knows that gods are good, but only my beautiful wife can never forget them! I express my gratitude to you on your birthday, but you will go with others after your death. Everyone in the world knows that gods are good, only their children and grandchildren will never forget them! There have been many infatuated parents since ancient times, but who has ever seen filial children and grandchildren?

In the eleventh year of Emperor Gao of Taizu (Yi Si, 196 BC), Chen Guang said: Han Xin may have been the leader in establishing a great strategy, and he and Gaozu started in Hanzhong to establish the Three Qin Dynasties, and then divided their troops to In the north, the Qi State was conquered by the Wei Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty conquered the world. The reason why the Han Dynasty conquered the world is probably due to its merits. Judging from what Kuai Che said, how could he be rebellious in welcoming the great ancestor to Chen? The good reason was dissatisfied because of neglect of duty, and he fell into disobedience. I have an old favor with Lu Wanli, and I still have Wang Yan in the south. Xin is an invitation from the princes of Yilie. Isn't it true that Gaozu also failed Xin! I think that Gaozu used deceit to persuade Chen to trust him, and his words were betrayed; although, trust can also be obtained. At the beginning, Han and Chu were separated from each other in Xingyang. Xin destroyed Qi and refused to retaliate and surrendered to the king. Later, Han pursued Chu to Guling and attacked Chu with Xin Qi, but Xin failed to come. At that time, Gaozu was already determined to win the trust, but he was unable to listen. When the world is settled, how can we rely on faith? Those who take advantage of the opportunity to gain profit are the ambitions of a businessman; those who reward merit and virtue are the ambitions of a scholar and a gentleman. Isn’t it difficult to believe that one’s ambitions as a market person will benefit oneself, but to treat others with a gentleman’s heart? Therefore, Tai Shi Gong commented: "If Han Xin were to be humble in his studies, not to limit his own merits, and not to be proud of his abilities, he would be a commoner! The Han family's merits can be compared with those of Zhou, Zhao, and Taigong, and future generations will be bloody! No! When the world is united, it is not appropriate to seek rebellion; it is not appropriate to destroy the clan!" ——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 12 Han Chronicles 4

The man who suffered humiliation from the crotch and finally became a great businessman was Han Xin. He who was sure to win every battle and conquer when he attacked was also Han Xin. Finally, it was Han Xin who was imprisoned in the bell room, facing the wall and lamenting, "The cunning rabbit dies, the running dogs are cooked, the birds in the sky are gone, the good bows are hidden, the enemy country is destroyed, and the advisers are dead." What is the credit? Sometimes it's money, status, beauty, sometimes it's prison, it's hell. The mystery is deep!

In the first year of Emperor Xiaohui's reign (Ding Wei, 198 BC), Chen Guang said: As a son, if your parents have a fault, they will remonstrate; if they do not listen to the remonstrance, they will weep and follow. An had to uphold his ancestor's legacy and be the lord of the world. He couldn't bear his mother's cruelty, so he abandoned the country without mercy and indulged in drinking and sex to hurt his life! If someone is filial and benevolent, it can be said that he is committed to small benevolence but does not know great friendship.

——"Zizhi Tongjian" Volume 12 Han Ji 4

Commentary

Sima Guang believed that Emperor Hui did not deal with the relationship between his mother's family affection and national affairs . When benevolence and filial piety conflict with national affairs, benevolence and filial piety should be subordinated to national affairs. Emperor Hui's behavior towards his mother was not admonishment but passive escape. He "abandoned the country without mercy and indulged in drinking and sex to hurt his life." This is not advisable.

Of course, escaping in real life is also a kind of relief, but it is a painful relief.

In the fourth year of Emperor Zhongzong Xiaoxuan’s Dijie reign (Yimao, 66 BC), Chen Guang said: Huo Guang was loyal to the Han Dynasty when he assisted the Han Dynasty. However, why can’t he protect his clan after his death? A husband who is powerful and blessed is the weapon of a ruler. People and ministers hold on to it, and they will not return for a long time, and they will never come back.

With the wisdom of Xiao Zhao, at the age of fourteen, he knew that Shangguan Jie was deceitful, and he could certainly take charge of the government personally. Kuang Xiaoxuan came to the throne in the 19th century. He was smart and resolute, and understood the sufferings of the people. However, he was devoted to the powerful for a long time and did not know how to avoid it. He placed many loyal parties and filled the court, so that the rulers were angry at the top and the people were resentful at the bottom. They gnashed their teeth and looked sideways, waiting for the time to be revealed. It's a blessing that he was able to escape his own illness, but how could his descendants be arrogant and extravagant! Although Xiao Xuan, the envoy, specially rewarded and enriched his descendants with salary and rank, and allowed him to live in a large county and be invited by the court, it was enough to repay his great virtue. However, he was reinstated to serve in politics, given military training, and accumulated many troubles and quarrels. More and more decisions are made, and resentment and fear are used to create evil plans. Is it just Huo's self-disaster? Xiaoxuan was also brewing to make it happen. Xijiao caused chaos in Chu, and King Zhuang destroyed his clan and pardoned his admonisher Yin Kehuang, thinking that Ziwen had no heirs, so how could he persuade him to do good. Although the husband's crimes against Xian, Yu, Yun and Shan should be wiped out, Guang's loyalty and deeds must not be sacrificed. Therefore, the family is free of human beings, and filial piety is also less merciful

- "Zi "Zhi Tongjian" Volume 25 Han Ji 17

Commentary

Blessings are where disasters lie; misfortunes are where blessings rely. Prestige, power, money, status, everyone flocks to them. As everyone knows, when you get it, you may lose it, or even lose more. Zhang Liang strategized and won a thousand-mile victory. He retired with success, gained his whole body, and blessed his family. This can serve as a lesson!

The shortcoming is that the elders will not persuade him to do so. When Xiao Yuan first came to power, he asked Yu humbly. Yu should put his urgent concerns first and then ease his concerns. However, the constant wandering and slandering of sycophants and their use of power were serious troubles at that time, but Yu did not take them seriously; being respectful and frugal was the basic aspiration of filial piety, but Yu diligently talked about it, so why! Make Yu's wisdom enough not to know, and Wu will become a wise man! Knowing but not speaking out is an even greater sin!

——Volume 28 of "Zizhi Tongjian" Han Ji 20

Commentary

Sima Guang believed that Gong Yu knew but did not say anything was a major crime . People often say that those who hold an official position seek their own government, but Gong Yu turned a blind eye and said nothing to the emperor's excessive hunting and treacherous ministers' use of power, which the emperor should have recognized but did not arouse vigilance. He repeatedly paid attention to issues that the emperor originally attached great importance to. Chen said this was a serious dereliction of duty.

However, one thing worth noting about Gong Yu's way of serving as an official is that all good advice sounds a little unpleasant, and all good medicines have a bitter taste. If you say something unpleasant, you may not be loyal; if you say something pleasant, you may not be a true friend!

In the first year of Emperor Yongguang’s reign of Emperor Xiaoyuan (Wuyin, 43 BC), Chen Guang said: A gentleman attacks evil with righteousness, but he is still afraid of it. What's more, if you use evil to fight evil, you can avoid it!

——"Zizhi Tongjian" Volume 28 Han Ji 20

Commentary

Sima Guang's meaning is that only with righteousness can we suppress evil. Be upright and follow the right path. If righteousness is not established, evil will be rampant.

Under normal circumstances, good and evil are black and white. But in an environment where right and wrong are reversed, the situation will change. For example: The shadow is crooked on the ground, and the shadow says to the tree stump, why are you not upright? The tree stump looked at himself, I am right, you are crooked. The stump and the shadow are arguing that they are right. The two sides argued endlessly and had a long stalemate, so they had to go together to ask for a light in the distance. Deng said calmly and unhurriedly: What you said is all right, but none of it is right. Whether it's right or wrong depends first on how I illuminate it, and secondly on how you look at it from your respective standpoints.

In the eighth year of the founding of Emperor Suzong Xiaozhang (Guiwei, 83 AD), Chen Guang said: The sin of an official is no greater than bullying, so it is wise to punish the emperor. Xiaozhang said that Dou Xian was different from referring to a deer as a horse, which was good. However, if the death could not violate the constitution, then the treacherous minister would be punished! The mistress of the Lord's problem with his subjects is that they don't know the treachery. If you know it and forgive it, it is better to be cured if you don't know it. What to say? He may be committing adultery but does not know it, so he is still afraid; since he knows it but cannot take it back, he knows that he has nothing to fear, so he is indulgent and careless! Therefore, knowing the good but not being able to use it, knowing the evil but not being able to get rid of it, are the deep warnings of the master.

——"Zizhi Tongjian" Volume 46 Han Ji 38

Commentary

Sima Guang believes that as a ruler, you should not only have The cognitive ability to judge right from wrong, and the political ability to reward good and punish evil. If you know good things and don't use them, and know evil things and don't punish them, it will easily lead to bad consequences such as lack of righteousness and rampant evil spirits.

In the second year of Emperor Yongjian's reign (Ding Mao, 127 AD), Chen Guang said: In ancient times, a gentleman would serve as an official if the country had the right, and if the country did not have the right, he would hide. Hiding is not what a gentleman wants. If a person does not know what he is doing, he will not be able to practice it, and evil will come to the place and harm him, so he hides it deeply to avoid it. When a king promotes the poor and humble people, it is beneficial to the country, not for the sake of worldly ears and eyes. Therefore, if one is virtuous enough to respect the Lord, wise enough to protect the people, and is hidden deep in the heart, the king should show courtesy to him, bow down to him, be humble enough to visit him, and restrain himself to obey him, and then he can benefit from it. Apply it to the four surfaces, and the merits will be recorded above and below.

To follow the path but not the person, to focus on the facts but not the name.

——"Zizhi Tongjian" Volume 51 Han Ji 43

Commentary

Sima Guang believed that the reason why hermits retired to the mountains and forests was not They don't want to do things for the country and the people, but it is a prudent measure to protect themselves in the face of injustice in the world. As a monarch, you should cultivate your politics, promote the royal way, recruit hermits from the common people, and give those hermits the conditions and opportunities to display their talents.

Of course, among the hermits, there are also those who use retreat to advance, who use concealment to show things, hide their talents and bide their time, and rise up when opportunities arise.

In the second year of Jianning, Emperor Xiaohuan (Jiyou, 169 AD), Chen Guang said: There is a way in the world, and a gentleman should stand up in the royal court to correct the sins of villains, and no one dares to disobey; There is no way in the world, and a gentleman will keep silent in order to avoid the misfortunes caused by villains, but they may still be unavoidable. Party members live in a chaotic world, are not in their place, and are everywhere, but they want to save them with words and words, denying people, stirring up the turmoil, lifting the heads of adders, trampling on the tails of tigers and wolves, and even being raped and tortured, causing harm to their friends, scholars Isn’t it tragic that the species is annihilated and the country is destroyed? My husband, Wei Guo Tai, is both wise and wise. In order to protect his own body, Shen Tu Pan did it at the last moment.

——Volume 56 of "Zizhi Tongjian" Han Ji 48

Commentary

In the turbulent political arena, sometimes it is difficult to Confused, sometimes everyone has to be drunk and I am alone to be safe. There was a prime minister named Lu Duan in the Song Dynasty. He was confused about small things but not big things, and he was very skillful in his official duties.

In the first year of King Jingping of Yingyang (Guihai, AD 423), Chen Guang said: The book written by Lao and Zhuang means that if you want to live and die together, you can do it lightly. As for those who are immortals, they take bait and practice in order to move easily, and refine grass and stones into gold and silver. This is a technique that is very cruel. Therefore, Liu Xin's "Seven Strategies" describes Taoists as the disciples and the immortals as the skills. Later, the techniques of talisman water and forbidden incantation were added, and Zhiqian was combined into one. However, if you follow it to this day, it is very wrong! Why did Cui Hao not like the writings of Buddha and Lao Lao but believed in the words of Qian Zhi? In the past, when Zang Wenzhong worshiped love and residence, Confucius thought it was unwise. If someone is modest, his love and residence will be great. "The Three Hundred Poems can be summed up in one sentence: Thoughts are innocent." A gentleman should be careless in choosing his art!

——"Zizhi Tongjian" Volume 119 Song Ji 1

Commentary

Sima Guang believed that different ideas have different effects on people. "Simultaneous thinking" means that the expression of thoughts and emotions is moderate, without the disadvantages of "over" and "inadequate", the expression of thoughts and emotions is moderate, and the behavior is upright.

Of course, people in different environments have different acceptance of academic ideas. For example, when you are proud, you can learn some Buddhism and practice Zen to avoid getting carried away; when you are frustrated, you can read some "Laozi" and "Zhuangzi" and absorb some Taoist immortality, and you can live on.

If you lose it, you will never miss it. "Wang Rong took advantage of the danger and planned to succeed him. Ziliang was a wise king at that time. Although he always regarded himself as loyal and prudent, he could not help but worry about his death. The reason for this is just to seek wealth and honor through speed. A frivolous person is far away!

——Volume 139 of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Qi Ji Wu

Commentary

Here is a very popular lyric "Take action when it's time to take action" Ah! "Everyone who accomplishes great things and achieves great success must be neat and decisive. Worrying about gains and losses, failing to seize opportunities when they arise, and being at a loss when opportunities come, such people can only watch others eating meat while swallowing their own saliva.

In the first year of Jianwu of Emperor Gaozongming (Jiaxu, 494 AD), Chen Guang said: I have heard that "clothes a person's clothing, and he cherishes the worries of others, and eating people's food means death." "Brothers, thank you, we are as close as you are, we enjoy honor and wealth in peace, and you never foresee dangers. How loyal you are to be a minister like this!"

——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 139 Qi Ji 5

Commentary

Those who are loyal to their cause and seek benefits for the country are dedicated; those who are loyal to one People are loyal. Those who clothe others care about others, and those who eat people eat others die. Although it is repaying kindness with kindness, it is also easy to give birth to many slaves.

In the first year of Emperor Gaozu Wu Datong (Ding Wei, 527 AD), Chen Guang said: Zhan Sengzhi can be called a gentleman! Forgetting all the hard work accumulated over time in attacking and fighting, he will teach the new generals who have arrived in the dynasty. He knows his own shortcomings and does not hide the strengths of others. He does not take away his achievements and contributes to the country's affairs. He is loyal and selfless. He can be called a gentleman!

——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 151 Liang Ji Qi

Commentary

An inch is long and a ruler is short. Seeing the strengths of others and reflecting on your own shortcomings is an objective and rational attitude. But people often suffer from "myopia" and always look at other people's shortcomings and talk about their own strengths. It seems that wearing glasses is necessary.

In the third year of Emperor Gaozu Wu's reign (Xinhai, 531 AD), Chen Guang said: A gentleman must not leave the right path for a moment, and must not miss a step. With the benevolence and filial piety of Prince Zhaoming and the kindness of Emperor Wu, if there is any trace of suspicion, the body will be worried about death, and the crime will be blamed later. If you seek good luck and get bad luck, you can't clean it up, but you can't be careful! Therefore, gentlemen should stay away from weird people and their strange and evil techniques.

——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 15, Wu Liang Ji 11

Commentary

Sima Guang is talking about how to be a human being. Adhering to the right path is the character that a gentleman should have. But it is very difficult to stick to the right path, and you must resist the temptation of crooked ways.

He who takes the right path is a gentleman, and he who follows the wrong path is a villain. However, in Chinese history, there has been a constant stream of people who have dug holes and explored sideways. In fact, some of these villains were once gentlemen, but because of the feudal autocratic system, which forced good girls into prostitution, they were alienated from gentlemen to villains. Or be a "temporary" villain.

Xi Lie and others may be high-ranking ministers, or may be close to the heart. On the day of peace, they did not say a word to prevent the loss of their masters, to save the country from danger, to cater to their appearance and steal wealth; , lives in secret, cares about his wife, flatters the thief and becomes his minister, and makes efforts for him. This is what Tu Fen is ashamed of, and what dogs and horses are inferior to.

——Volume 22 of "Zizhi Tongjian" Tang Ji 16

Commentary

This is a painting, the villain's face is snobbish The various forms of disciples are all in it.

In the first year of Emperor Xiande's reign (Jiayin, 954 AD), the Holy God of Taizu Gongsu and Emperor Wenxiao, Chen Guang said: Heaven and earth establish thrones, and saints follow them, and they regulate rituals and legislation, and there are couples within them. There are monarchs and ministers outside. A woman's obedience to her husband will never change her life; a minister's obedience to the king will last until death. This is the great ethics of humanity. If you abandon it or abolish it, there will be no great chaos! Fan Zhi said that Feng Dao was a man of great virtue and ancient talent. Although the dynasties moved to trade, people still said that he was as tall as a giant mountain and could not be turned around. The foolish minister thinks that a good woman will not obey her second husband, and a loyal minister will not serve his second king. If a woman is not upright, even if she has the beauty of her beauty and her skill in weaving, she will not be worthy; if she is an unfaithful minister, even if she has many talents, wisdom and excellent governance, she will not be worthy enough. Why? The great festival has been lost. Tao is the prime minister, and it has passed through five dynasties and eight surnames. If you are on the opposite side of the road, you will treat it as a passer-by. In the morning, you will be an enemy, and in the evening, you will be your monarch and ministers. When you change your face, you will change your words. You have no regrets. This is a big deal. Even if you have a small kindness, it is not enough to be called mediocre!

It may be thought that since the death of the Tang Dynasty, the heroes have been fighting hard, and the emperors have risen and fallen. The distance is more than ten years, and the recent four or three years. Although there is loyalty and wisdom, what will happen! At that time, Tao is not the only one who loses his ministerial integrity. How can he be guilty of Tao alone? Idiots think that a loyal minister cares about his public affairs as much as his family, and when he sees danger, he will die. If a wise man has the Way, he will see. If there is no Way, he will hide. He may disappear in the mountains and forests, or he may wander among his subordinates. Nowadays, if the Tao respects and favors the three divisions, and if the power is appointed, it will lead the ministers. If the country survives, it will be ignored. The king will rise and fall one after another, while the Tao will lead to wealth and honor. This is especially true for treacherous ministers. How can I compare myself with others? It may be said that the Tao can keep the whole body away from harm in troubled times, which is also a virtuous person. I say that a gentleman kills his body to become a benevolent person, and does not seek to harm his benevolent body. How can he be regarded as a virtuous person only if his whole body is harmed far away? However, the robbing plantar disease will eventually lead to death. Who is virtuous?

To suppress this unethical mistake, the ruler of the time is also responsible, why? A dishonest daughter is a shame for a sergeant to call her home; an unfaithful person is a shame for a king to be his minister. When he came to the court, if he spoke of his loyalty, he would turn against the emperor and become enemies; if he spoke of his wisdom, the country would be in ruins. Later kings would neither punish nor abandon him, but would reuse him as a prime minister. He was willing to be loyal to me and could be used for it! Therefore, it is said: It is not a mistake caused by the special way, but it is also the fault of the ruler of the time!

——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 291 Post-Zhou Ji 2

Commentary

Sima Guang believed that Feng Dao was a roly-poly who lived through the Five Dynasties and Eight Dynasties. The surname has always been able to have both sides, but Feng Dao has lost a lot of money. However, Sima Guang made an objective analysis of Feng Dao's ability to deal with the world and believed that Feng Dao's ability to survive in troubled times was a special ability of his. Moreover, the rulers of the Five Dynasties and Eight Surnames at that time also provided Feng Dao with opportunities to get both sides.

Here it is necessary to give a brief introduction to Feng Dao, the political roly-poly.

The Five Dynasties in history only lasted for fifty or sixty years, but dynasties changed frequently. Five dynasties changed in one year, and emperors with five surnames emerged. As the saying goes, "one emperor and one courtier", naturally the short-lived emperor also led a group of short-lived ministers. They often could not serve as officials for a few years, and then their careers were cut off as the dynasty declined. But it’s not like there aren’t people who remain calm in this constant change and never fall down once. Feng Dao is one of them. He successively served 10 emperors with 4 surnames, all of whom were able to advance and retreat appropriately, and stayed in the imperial position for a long time. Is it because Feng Dao possesses a talent that has been indispensable for generations of monarchs? On the contrary, he has neither political achievements nor national integrity. Once the national crisis approaches, he will seek another high position. He never took the great cause of the country as his own responsibility, but only pursued high officials and rich salaries. It was as easy for him to abandon the country and betray the emperor as changing slaves to masters.

Feng Dao, also known as Kedao, was a native of Jingcheng, Yingzhou, Hebei (now Hejian area, Hebei). It is said that before he became famous, he once wrote a poem to express his aspirations: "Don't be discouraged in times of danger. The future is always determined. In the end, the mountains and seas returned to the Ming Dynasty, and the world fell into misfortune. How has morality ever been?" After death, there will be no way for boats and carriages to pass through Tianjin. But there will be no evil in the teachings, and one will be able to stand up even among tigers and wolves. "He believes that good people have their own destiny, so no matter how the world changes, as long as they know the current affairs and do not mess up, they can have smooth journeys everywhere. Feng Dao's life was indeed based on this motto.

During the decades of Feng Dao’s life, the world was in turmoil and the people were hanging upside down. However, Feng Dao was content to be his political “roly-poly”. He was not ashamed but proud of it and even wrote countless books. For a hundred words, he happily talked about his four surnames and the rank and title he received from Khitan, and called himself "Old Changle". It was really shameless and disgusting.

Under various social conditions in the autocratic era, it was not easy to express collective actions, so the attitude of scholars tended to be based on the standard of "section". Those who are in power must be loyal ministers. This kind of loyalty may be manifested in direct admonishment that offends the dignity of the monarch, sometimes sacrificing one's life; or it may be manifested in not serving as an official in the new dynasty or even martyrdom for the country. To be loyal even to the point of death is to be loyal and fierce. Those in the opposition should be noble people. This kind of people express their unwillingness to cooperate with those in power, so they are far away from reality; or they can even escape to the mountains and forests, that is, they are reclusive people. These two kinds of moral integrity, loyalty and high moral integrity, are both negative expressions of the individual. Loyalty can at best create some failed heroes, and high integrity can only create some wise protectors and even some nihilists. It turns out that Qi is moving and can change. We often talk about ambition. Ambition is the direction of the heart. It can be anywhere or thousands of miles away. Ambition and qi go hand in hand. However, integrity is quiet and unchanging; therefore, one must "keep the integrity" or not "lose the integrity". Sometimes the knot is even dead, and the dead knot is out of touch with the living reality, so the self-proclaimed person turns out to have changed. From the perspective of the ruling class, "loyalty is helpful to the deeds." After all, loyal ministers protect this class, and it is also beneficial to this class if noble people accommodate the rebels. Therefore, people in the Song Dynasty said, "Starving to death is a small matter, but being dishonest is a big matter." Originally it was referring to women, but later it was also used to refer to scholars. This was exactly the tone of the spokesperson of the ruling class, but it also expressed the personal status of scholars at that time. Increased height and responsibility.