The novelist was born in Oakpark village near Chicago, Illinois. My father is a doctor, and my mother loves art. 19 17 10 joined the Kansas City Star as a trainee reporter. The newspaper put forward the requirements of "using short sentences" and "using lively language", which allowed him to receive preliminary writing training and influenced his concise writing style in the future. 1965438+In May 2008, he joined the volunteer ambulance team as the driver of the Red Cross team and was seriously injured in the front line of Italy. 19 19 At the beginning of this year, I went back to my hometown and practiced calligraphy. 192 1 Go to Toronto to be a special correspondent. A few months later, I went to Europe as a reporter for the Star. 1924- 1927, reporter of Hearst newspaper department in Europe. Hemingway kept writing during his stay in Europe. Through the introduction of writer sherwood anderson, I got to know gertrude stein, an American woman writer living in Paris, and ezra pound, a poet. Stan encouraged him to write and taught him how to write succinctly and intensively. 1922 began to publish works in newspapers and periodicals, including fables, poems, short stories, etc. The first collection, three short stories and ten poems, was published in 1923. 1924, another collection, In Our Time, was published in Paris, including 18 short stories. The following year, the anthology of the same name was published in the United States, including 13 short stories and 16 inserts between stories.

1926 published his first important novel The Sun Also Rises (English version is called Festival, 1927). The novel describes the life of a group of young people living in Europe after World War I, and shows the disillusionment of the younger generation after World War I. Stein once said to Hemingway and others, "You are all a generation of fans." Hemingway used this sentence as an inscription in his novel. Due to the disappointment of the generation who wrote the novel, The Sun Also Rises became the masterpiece of the "fan generation". Hemingway 1927 returned to the United States and published his second collection of short stories, Men Without Women, among which the most famous ones are Invincible Chief, Fifty Thousand Oceans and Black Boy. In these novels, Hemingway created a "tough guy image" who was fearless in the face of danger and died. This kind of characters had an influence on American popular literature. 1929, the novel A Farewell to Arms with the theme of the war against imperialism was published. A Farewell to Arms shows Hemingway's artistic maturity. His unique creative style is composed of the description of the environment in which scenes blend, the expression of emotions purely by actions and images, the dialogue in the form of telegrams, the short and true inner monologue, the irony intentionally or unintentionally, the simple and refined style and the tempered daily language.

After Hemingway left Europe from 1927, he first lived in key west Island, Florida, and then moved to Cuba. He often hunts everywhere and once boarded his yacht "pilar" to go fishing. In the first half of 1930s, his published works included Death in the Afternoon (1932), a collection of short stories, Winners Get Nothing (1933) and African hunting notes, The Castle Peak of Africa (1935). 1936, he published the famous short story "The Snow of Kilimanjaro", which described a writer's reflection before his death with the method of stream of consciousness interwoven with reality and fantasy. 1937, the novel "Being and Being" was published.

From 65438 to 0937, Hemingway went to Spain to cover the war as a reporter of the North American Newspaper Union. He actively supported the youth and the government, wrote a review for the film Land of Spain, and spoke at the second American Writers' Conference to denounce fascism. 1938, The Fifth Column was published. After the Spanish civil war, he returned to Cuba and wrote a novel "For whom the bell tolls in the suburbs of Havana", which was published in 1940. Based on the Spanish Civil War, this novel tells the story of American Joe Dunn who was ordered to blow up a bridge with the cooperation of a mountain guerrilla, focusing on Joe Dunn's activities in blow up bridges for the first three days and three nights.

In the early 1940s, Hemingway came to China to report on War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1942 to 1944, he was commended for driving the yacht "pilar" (converted into an anti-submarine warship at the expense of the government) for maritime patrol. He led a guerrilla to fight for the liberation of Paris, so he was accused of violating the provisions of the Geneva Convention that journalists should not take part in the fighting. Hemingway was acquitted in court and later won a bronze medal.

In 1950s, Hemingway published the novel Crossing the River into the Woods (1950) and the novella The Old Man and the Sea (1952). The theme of The Old Man and the Sea is that people should face failure bravely. There is a famous saying in the novel: "Men are not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as you can, but you can't beat him. " The heroic image of fighting alone is the continuation and development of Hemingway's "tough guy character" created in the 1920s and 1930s. Its artistic generalization is higher, reaching the height of fable and symbol. The Old Man and the Sea won the Pulitzer Prize 1952.

1954, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature. After the Cuban Revolution, Hemingway and his wife moved to Idaho, USA. In his later years, he suffered from hypertension, diabetes, iron metabolism disorder and other diseases, and his mental depression was very serious. Many drug treatments were ineffective. On the morning of July 2, Hemingway committed suicide with a shotgun. After Hemingway's death, his wife, Mary, published two of his posthumous works: The Banquet Never Leaving (1964) and The Island in Rapids (1970).