I. Original text

1, chapter 28 is from the building chapter. Mencius said: If you leave Lou Ziming, you will lose your son's intelligence. If you don't follow the rules, you can't go around. Shi Kuang's cleverness is not based on six laws, let alone five tones; Yao and Shun are not benevolent and cannot govern the world. Today, there is a benevolent heart, and the people are not affected by it. They cannot be punished by future generations and cannot go to Wang Zhidao first.

2, therefore: it is not enough to be good enough to be treated. You can't act alone. People don't listen to his words, but listen to his words, and those who dare not die. Harming good is called rape, and harming punishment is called abuse; Lu Simin, it's not an emissary. It's poisonous. If so, only adults can influence the right and wrong in your heart. Ren Jun, Mo Ren; Junyi, all righteousness; Jun Zheng, Mo Zheng. One is the monarch, and the country has been decided.

3. Mencius said: Rules, Fiona Fang is the best; Saint, interpersonal relationship is extremely important. I want to do my best for you, and I want to do my best for you. Both methods are just Yao and Shun. It is also disrespectful to disrespect the monarch because of the principle of obedience; If you don't use Yao to rule the people, you will steal their people. Confucius said,' Tao II is benevolent, but not benevolent.

If people are violent, they will die. Less is easier and more dangerous. Those who are evil to the people will no longer be evil, and those who have contributed to the people will no longer be guilty. Can be changed in any way. If you don't neglect your duty, you will be kind to people who are not in you. Respect the size of power, judge laws, modify and abolish officials, and conduct politics in all directions. How to repair the roof, treat the market cautiously, shoot in the countryside, and repair the order. Recruit great doctors, princes and nobles, and greet them with courtesy. It will be windy for a long time.

Two. Translation and annotation

1, this is the first chapter of Li Lou. According to legend, Li Lou was a man with strong vision when he was the Yellow Emperor. The loser, that is, the loser (or Lu Ban), was an ingenious mechanical inventor in ancient China. Shi Kuang, a famous musician in Jin Pinggong, was born blind, but he was good at distinguishing sounds. Liuyun is an ancient phonological term; Pentatonal scale is an ancient pentatonic scale.

2. Benevolent government is one of the core contents of Confucian political thought, that is, governing the country by virtue and loving the people by benevolent government; Wang Zhidao first refers to the way of governing the country by ancient holy kings such as Tang Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. Governance means orderly governance; Means realization; The method is to take the method; To listen without listening is to listen to other people's opinions and not to listen to one side of the story.

3. If anyone dares to die, it means that appointing a person without real talent and learning will ruin the ship; Rape means evil; Abuse is abuse; Simin refers to the people; Non-emissaries refer to people who are duplicitous and good at pandering; Bee sting refers to poison bee, scorpions and other poisonous insects.

The related knowledge of Mencius and Li Lou.

1, Mencius Li Lou is a famous article of Mencius, which mainly tells Mencius' views on the good and evil of human nature. In this article, Mencius put forward the view that human nature is good, not evil. This view is in sharp contrast with the popular theory of evil nature at that time.

2. The core idea of Mencius and Li Lou is that human nature is good, but due to the influence of external environment, some people will deviate from the right path and go to evil. So education and social environment are very important for people's growth. Mencius believed that only through correct education and guidance can people return to their kind nature.

In this article, Mencius also cited many vivid examples to illustrate his point of view. For example, he said, "Seeing a willing son go down into the well, everyone has compassion." . When people see a child about to fall into a well, they can't help feeling scared and sympathetic. This kind of emotion is the kindness shown by human nature.