Famous aphorisms:

When hundreds of rivers reach the sea from the east, when will they return to the west? The children's nest is panic? The boss is sad. (Han Yuefu's "Long Song Xing")

To learn a hundred things, one must first be determined. (Zhu Xi)

The edge of a sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from the bitter cold.

The pen fell in the storm, and the poem became the weeping ghosts and gods. (Du Fu)

Bie Cai Pseudo Ti Qin Feng Ya, Zhuan Yiduo is your teacher. (Du Fu)

Extensive knowledge and apprehension, thick accumulation but thin hair. (Su Shi)

Learn it eruditely, interrogate it, think carefully, discern it clearly, and practice it diligently. ("Book of Rites")

If you don't climb a high mountain, you don't know how high the sky is; if you don't go to a deep stream, you don't know how thick the earth is. ("Xunzi")

If you don't fly, you will soar into the sky; if you don't sing, you will become a blockbuster. (Sima Qian)

Don’t worry about others but you don’t know yourself, and you don’t know others when you are worried. (Confucius)

If you don’t enter the tiger’s den, how can you catch the tiger’s cubs? (Book of the Later Han Dynasty)

If there is no blockage and no flow, it will not work. (Han Yu)

I don’t know the true face of Mount Lu, just because I am in this mountain. (Su Shi)

Don’t be afraid of the floating clouds covering your eyes, because you are at the highest level. (Wang Anshi)

Without rules, it is impossible to build a square garden. (Mencius)

After gathering hundreds of flowers and turning them into honey, it will be sweet to whomever you work hard for. (Luo Yin)

If you have enough food and clothing, you will know the etiquette. If you have enough food and clothing, you will know the honor and disgrace. ("Guanzi")

Play a thousand tunes and then the sound will dawn, watch a thousand swords and then recognize the weapon. (Liu Xie)

If you examine yourself, you can understand others; if you examine the present, you can understand the past. ("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals")

A difference of a hair is a thousand miles. ("Book of Han")

There will be times when the wind breaks through the waves, and the cloud sails are hung directly to help the sea. (Li Bai)

Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of trees spring in front of the diseased trees. (Liu Yuxi)

Allusions

1. Book hanging by horns

An allusion to describe diligent study. "New Book of Tang? Biography of Li Mi": "(Li Mi) heard that Bao Kai was in Fengshan Mountain, so he went to follow him. He rode an ox with a cattail and hung it on a corner of the "Book of Han" and read it while walking. Yang Su, the Duke of Yue, was seen in Tao, he pressed the bridle and asked, "Why is this so diligent?" Mi Shisu bowed and asked what he had read, "The Biography of Xiang Yu". "My view of secret knowledge is different from that of others." Xuangan accepted it with all his heart. Later generations used the words "Books on the horns", "Jiao Hanging Sutra", "Cocoon hanging on the horns", "Xu Shu hanging on the horns". ”, “Books hang on (ox) horns” and “ox horns hanging” are used to describe diligent reading. Or "a calf-hanging talent" or "ox-horned scholar" refers to a scholar who studies diligently and is talented and quick.

2． Studying with a negative salary

An allusion to describe diligent study. The incident comes from the "Book of Han? The Biography of Yan Zhu Wuqiu Master Xu Yanzhong Wang Jia Biography": "Mai Chen was named Wengzi, and he was from Wu. He was poor, good at studying, and had no property. He often cut moxa and firewood, sold it for food, and carried After collecting the salary, he walked and recited the book. His wife followed him, and stopped singing. Maichen became more and more sick, and his wife was embarrassed, so he asked to go. I am now over 40 years old. Women have been suffering for a long time, and I will repay them with wealth. '" This allusion usually appears in the form of "negative salary" or "negative woodcutter". Sometimes, this allusion is also used to describe the poor life in unmet people.

3． Carrying the scriptures while hoeing

An allusion describing how to persist in learning despite living in poverty. The quote comes from the "Book of Han? Biography of Gongsun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan": "(Ni Kuan) received his vocation from Kong Anguo, and sometimes he was raising food for his disciples (cooking for them), doing whatever he did (sometimes he had to work in the fields) ), carrying the sutra while hoeing, resting and reciting it, the essence is like this. "This sutra often appears in the form of "taking the sutra and hoeing".

4． Reading under pressure

A metaphor for studying diligently. The words come from "Zhuangzi? Outer Chapter? Parallel Thumb Eighth": "Zang and Gu were shepherding sheep together, but both of them died. If you ask Zang about something, he will hold his policy to study; if you ask Gu about something, he will travel around. "Ce, bamboo slips for writing books. Bohan, an ancient game. Later generations used the words "holding policy", "holding book", "holding policy to study", "holding policy to lose sheep", "reading to lose sheep" to express concentration and diligent study.

5. Gaofengliumai

An allusion describing concentration and diligent study. The words come from "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Yimin Biography? Gao Feng": "Gao Feng, whose courtesy name is Wentong, was born in Nanyang. He was a scholar when he was young, and his family had farmland as their occupation, and he specialized in reading day and night. His wife tasted the fields and exposed them. When the wheat was in the court, it was raining heavily, and Feng was holding a pole while chanting sutras. His wife asked strange questions, and Fang became a famous Confucian and became a professor in the West Tang Mountain. Later generations used the words "liu mai", "mai flow", "abandoned wheat", "wheat not harvested", "zhongtingmai", "gaofeng", etc. to describe concentration on reading.

6. Wen Shu's compilation of pu

Allusions describing diligence. The incident is recorded in the "Book of Han? Biography of Jia Meizou Lu": "Lu Wenshu, courtesy name Changjun, was from Juludongli. His father was the prison gate. He sent Wen Shu to shepherd sheep, and Wen Shu took the Zezhong Pu and cut it off as an ultimatum. "Compiling and writing books." Wang Yu of the Jin Dynasty also studied calligraphy while shepherding sheep, and finally became knowledgeable in classics and history. Other forms of this code include "editing pu", "cutting pu", "cutting pu", "typing pu", "editing pu", etc.

7． Cutting through walls to steal light

An allusion describing poor people who study hard at night.

From Volume 2 of "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes" by Liu Xin of the Han Dynasty: "Kuang Heng, also known as Zhi Gui, studied diligently but did not have a candle. His neighbor had a candle but did not catch it. Heng used the wall to draw its light and read it with a book reflecting the light." This classic can also be used as a reference. It is written as "cutting through the wall to borrow light", "cutting through the wall to borrow light", "borrowing through the wall", "stealing light and chiseling into the wall", or simply "cutting through the wall", "stealing light", "kuangbi", etc.

8． Reading in the Moon

It is a metaphor for persisting in reading under very difficult conditions in life. The incident comes from the "Book of Southern Qi? Biography of Xiaoyi? Jiang Bi": "(Jiang) Bi was poor when he was young. He spent all day cutting his hair (making shoes), reading at night, and holding scrolls in the moonlight to climb up the house (climb to the roof)." This classic has been widely circulated. Guang, mainly including "Yingyue", "Taking advantage of the moon", "Reading under the moon", "Looking at the moon's shadow" and other forms.

9. The firefly reflects the snow

An allusion to the poor who study hard. "Nang Ying" is quoted in "Art and Literature Collection? Continuing Jinyang Qiu": "Che Yin, courtesy name Wu Zi, is tireless in learning. He is poor and does not often get oil. In summer, he uses a training bag to hold dozens of fireflies, which he keeps working through the night. "Ri Yan." "Yingxue" quotes "Song Qiyu" from the second volume of "Ji Xue Ji": "Sun Kang's family was poor, and he often read in Yingxue. The main forms of these two classics are "Nang Ying", "Ju Ying" and "Zhao Ying". ", "Study Firefly", "Yingxue", "Zhao Xue", "Window Snow", etc. The two classics are also used together with "Xuechuang Yinghuo", "Yingxue" and other forms.

10 ．Xuanliang thorngu

The allusion of Xuanliang to describe studying vigorously can be found in Volume 61 of "Taiping Yulan" quoted from Jin Zhang Fang's "Biographies of the Sages of Chu": "Sun Jing is eager to learn and sleeps (dozes off). ), hanging his head to the roof beam to teach himself"; pricking his buttocks, he wrote "Warring States Policy? Qin Policy One": "(Su Qin) issued the book at night. There are dozens of old baskets, Tai Gong's "Yin Fu" lesson. Lie down and recite it. Simply think about it. When he was about to fall asleep while reading, he used the awl to stab his thigh (thigh), causing blood to flow to his feet. "

11. Wei Bian's Three Wonders

Allusions describing studying hard and conscientiously. The quote comes from "Historical Records? The Family of Confucius": "(Confucius) read "Yi", Wei Bian's Three Wonders . He said: "If I had given you a few years, I would have been very good at studying the Book of Changes." '" Wei Bian refers to the cooked cowhide used to connect the bamboo slips; San Jue refers to the material that has been broken three times. Other forms of this code include: "Jue Bian", "San Bian Jue", "Wei San Jue", "Jue Wei" "Compiled by Sanjue Wei", etc.

12. Reading under the curtain

An allusion describing closing the door to thank guests and concentrating on reading and studying. The phrase comes from "Historical Records? Biographies of Scholars?" "Dong Chushu": "Dong Zhongshu, a native of Guangchuan, used to govern the Spring and Autumn Annals. He was a doctor during the Xiaojing period. He lowered the curtains in the room and lectured and recited it. His disciples passed it on to each other for a long time, and they may not see his face. In the third year of Gai's reign, Dong Zhongshu did not observe the garden, and his spirit was like this. "Other forms of this code include: "Xia Curtain (curtain)", "Xia Shu Curtain", "Closing the House and Hanging the Curtain", "Drawing the Curtain and Closing the House", etc.

13. Sanyu Reading< /p>

The allusion describing seizing the time to study comes from "Wei Lue" cited by Pei Songzhi in the "Three Kingdoms? Wei Shu? Biography of Zhong Yao, Hua Xin and Wang Lang": "(Dong) Yu was good at governing "Laozi" and wrote for "Laozi". Training note. He is also good at "Zuo's Biography". When someone is a scholar and refuses to teach, he says, "You must read it a hundred times first." Scholars say, "Bitterness and thirst are endless." When I met someone, I said, "You should be more than three." Or when asked about the meaning of Sanyu, the answer is: "Winter means the remainder of the year; night means the remainder of the day; cloudy and rainy means the remainder of the hour." '"

14. Burning cream and following the dial

Describes studying diligently day and night. The words come from Han Yu's "Changli Collection? Jinxue Jie": "The gentleman kept reciting the essays on the six arts. , hands are constantly draped in the collections of hundreds of families. Those who record the story must mention its key points, and those who usurp the words must use their mysteries (the origin of the idiom "teaching the key points and hooking mysteries"). If you are greedy for overdoing things, don't donate small things or big things, burn anointing oil to keep up the sundial (light the lamp to continue studying during the day), and stay poor for many years (persist in this way for many years). My husband's work can be described as diligent. "

15. Ten years under the window

An allusion describing studying hard behind closed doors for a long time. The words come from Liu Qi's "Gui Qian Zhi" during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties: "After crossing to the south, the territory was narrow. As far as Henan and Shaanxi, old officials are not allowed to rush into and out of office. A person may stay in office for more than ten years, and the number is repeated and he often returns to farming or teaching health care in primary schools. Therefore, there was a saying at that time: "The ancients said that if no one asked outside the window for ten years, he would become famous all over the world in one fell swoop; today, if he becomes famous all over the world in one fell swoop, no one would ask outside the window for ten years. '" Later generations used words such as "ten years under the window", "ten years under the cold window", "under the cold window", "ten years under the cold window", "ten years under the light window" to describe long-term poverty and self-restraint, studying hard behind closed doors .

16. Learn to be rich in five vehicles

An allusion to describe many books or rich knowledge. It comes from Zhuangzi? He has five books, his teachings are wrong (his teachings are full of errors and confusion), and his words are not correct (legitimate). " Later generations used "five carts", "five carts of books", "five carts of books", "five carts of bamboo slips", "Huishi cart", etc. to express many books; "learn five carts", "learn rich five carts", etc. To express a lot of reading or a lot of knowledge.

17. Thirty books

An allusion to describe a rich collection of books or a profound knowledge. "The Book of Jin? Zhang Hua": "(Zhang Hua). ) Ya loves books. On the day of his death, his family will have no money left, but literature and history will be overflowing. He moved to another place and carried books for thirty times. The secretary, Supervisor Zhi Yu, wrote the official documents, all based on Zihua's foundation, so as to obtain the correct results. "Affected by this classic, later generations used "thirty" as the number when discussing the richness of books, not necessarily "ride" or "car". If the number of books is described as few, "wuchishu" is used.

18. Secret Treasure in the Pillow

Describes a rare book that is unwilling to be shown to others.

The article "Liu Xiang" attached to the "Book of Han? Biography of King Chu Yuan" is quoted: "The Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty revived the immortal alchemy, and there is a pillow in Huainan called "Hongbao" and "Yuan Secretary", which talks about the immortal envoy The art of turning ghost objects into gold, and Zou Yan's method of refining the way to prolong life, cannot be seen by the world." Later generations used it as "Hongbao", "Secret Treasure", "Secret Pillow Book", "Pillow Letter Book", "Secret Pillow", " "Secret in the Pillow", "Secretary in the Pillow", etc. refer to Taoist books or books that are precious and unwilling to be shown to others.

19． Opening a book is beneficial

An allusion to encourage people to read. An excerpt from Wang Pizhi of the Song Dynasty's "Mianshui Yan Tan Lu? Wenru": "Taizong read three volumes of "Yu Lan" (referring to "Taiping Yu Lan", the original name of the book was "Taiping Bian Lei", because Song Taizong once read it through)" , because there are gaps in things, I will make up for it. Tao Yuanming said: "Opening the book is beneficial, I don't think it's a trouble." Tao Yuanming also said, "When you open the book, you will happily forget to eat." Later generations also wrote that "unfolding the scroll is beneficial".

20. Reading seeds

It is a metaphor that generations of scholars are sowing like seeds, and the seeds will continue to grow. The words come from "Qidong Yeyu? Shu Zhong Wenzhong" written by Zhou Mi: "Pei Du often taught his son: 'We can only make the literary genre endless, but in the meantime, if we have the ability to achieve thousands of achievements, it will be heaven." Gu Gu (Huang Tingjian, also known as Daoist Dao Gu Gu) said: "All the people are established in the world, and it is good for the children of scholar-bureaucrats to know how to be loyal and filial to their friends. However, if the seeds of reading are cut off, then they will become famous like their ancestors." Following the example of Pei Yu, the special (but) Yi language type is Shu Zhong Er. "Other forms of this code include "Shu Zhong" and "Study Zhong".

21. Shengzhigege

It is an allusion to rewinding a scroll and leaving it unused. Liu Xiao's annotation from "Shishuo Xinyu? The Thirteenth Anniversary of the World" quoted from "Han, Jin, Spring and Autumn": "At that time, Liu Yi (yì) and Yin Hao were famous in the world, and (Yu) Yiwei was also very noble. Said: "This generation should be put away in a high cabinet until the world is settled, and then discuss his duties. '" This dian does not refer to a book, but later people often used this dian to mean throwing the book aside and no longer reading or using it. Its forms include "shugaoge", "shugege" and "shuzhigaige".

22. Three Tombs and Five Codes

This allusion refers to the ancient Chinese cultural classics "Zuo Zhuan? The Twelve Years of Zhaogong": "Zuo Shi Yixiang (Zuo Shi, official position). (name, relying on phase, name of a person) passed by (quickly walked past), and the king said, "This is a good history, and your son will treat him well (treat him well)." Can read "Three Tombs", "Five Codes", "Ba Suo" and "Nine Hills". '" Later generations used the words "Three Tombs and Five Codes", "Dian Tombs", "Grave Codes", "Grave Books", "Qiu Tombs" and other words to generally refer to ancient cultural classics.

23. Looking for chapter excerpts

To describe reading, one only pays attention to the fragments of the text without delving into its spiritual essence. Pei Songzhi quoted from "The Book of Wu" in "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms? The Book of Wu? The Biography of the Master of Wu": "(Zhao) Emperor Wen of Wei was kind to him and mocked him, saying, "Does the King of Wu know a lot about learning?" ’ Zhi said: ‘The king of Wu floated thousands of ships on the river, and carried millions of armors. He appointed talents and envoys, and he was determined to have a strategy. '"

24. Quoting out of context

It often refers to randomly excerpting a part of a poem for one's own use regardless of the author's wishes. Quoted from "Zuo Zhuan? Xianggong? Twenty-eight "Year": "The poem "Poetry" is fragmented, and the rest is taken from what I want. "When various vassal states conducted diplomatic activities in the Spring and Autumn Period, envoys often used "Poems" as a means to express their wishes. However, the poets and the listeners could have their own understanding of the poems, regardless of the original meaning of the poems. . The forms of this code are often: "take meaning out of context", "take meaning out of context" (synonymous with ancient friendship), and "take out of context to contain sentences". It is still used today, but it has become a derogatory term.

25 ．Dream of flowers blooming on the pen

It is a metaphor for the great advancement of literary thought and graceful writing style. It is exemplified in Wang Renyu of the Five Dynasties' "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao? Dreaming of Flowers on the Pen": "When Li Taibai was young, he dreamed of flowers growing on the pen. He is a talented person who is well-known all over the world. " Therefore, later generations often use "dream flowers", "dreams give birth to flowers", "color pens give birth to flowers", "pen flowers come into dreams", "flowers come from pens", etc. as metaphors for the great progress of literary thought.

26. Writing without adding points

Describes writing an article in one go without any modifications. This quote comes from Zhang Heng's "Biography of Scholars" (quoted from "Ji Xue Ji" compiled by Tang Xujian and others): "Zhang Chun of Wu County has a rare reputation, and he paid a visit. Zhu Ju, the general of Zhennan, sat down after being ordered to give something to him. He sat down simply in response to the order and did not add any words. "The main forms of this classic are: "The text does not add points", "No points are added", "Ten thousand words are added without adding points", "Without adding points", etc.

27. A lifetime of writings

Allusions describing reading or writing a lot are quoted from the "Song History? Jia Huangzhong Biography": "Huang Zhongyou was enlightened when he was five years old. Every time he was ordered to stand upright, he would open his books and compare them. "Rong Sheng Shu", teach him how to read it. " Later generations used the term "book as long as a person's body" to describe reading a lot, but later it was said that stacking books as high as one's body, which is different from the dianyuan. It can also be used to describe extremely rich writings, with many writings "as long as a person's body" , "A lifetime's work".

28. One word is worth a thousand pieces of gold

This is an allusion to describe the meticulous creation of poetry and prose. What people have written and heard, there are eight "Lan", six "Lun", and twelve "Ji" collected together, totaling more than 200,000 words. In order to prepare for the past and present affairs of the world and all things, it was titled "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" and was posted at the gate of Xianyang City, with a thousand gold coins hanging on it. If anyone from the princes, tourists and guests could gain or lose a single word, he would be given a thousand gold coins.

"The main forms of this classic are: "a word for a thousand gold", "a word for a thousand gold", "gold hangs over the Qin city", "hangs over the gold", etc.

29. Luoyang Zhigui

Describes the popularity of the work At that time, everyone was scrambling to copy the allusions. The classic "Jin Shu Zuo Si Zhuan" said: "When the poem was completed, people did not pay much attention to it. ... An Ding Huangfu Mi had a high reputation, so he wanted to show it by visiting him. Mi praised the good and gave it a preface. Zhang Zai prefaced it by annotating "Weidu" and Liu Kui annotating "Wu" and "Shu". ... Sikong Zhanghua sighed when he saw it and said: "Ban and Zhang are like this, so that those who read it will be exhausted, and it will be updated over time." ’ So wealthy and noble families competed to pass on the writing, and Luoyang was very proud of it. "Shishuo Xinyu? Literature" also has: "Yu Zhong's first "Yangdu Fu" was completed to express Yu Liang's love for his relatives, which greatly contributed to his reputation. Yun Ke San's "Two Capitals" and his fourth "Three Capitals" ” (third with “Er Capital Fu” and fourth with “Sandu Fu”). Here everyone competes to write, and it is very expensive to put down the paper. "

30. Hidden Famous Mountains

An allusion to describe a work that is very valuable and therefore worthy of being cherished. The words come from Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty's "Book of Bao Ren'an": "Pucheng wrote this book to hide it. If the famous mountain is passed down to its people, and all the towns and cities are connected, then the servants will pay for the humiliation. Even if they are killed thousands of times, how can they regret it? "The main forms of this scripture include "famous mountains in the collection," "famous mountains in the collection," "famous mountains in the collection," "famous mountains in collection," "famous mountains in collection," "statements in collection," etc.