Humphry davy, 1778 12 17, was born in the countryside near Penzance, England. Later generations recognized him as an excellent chemist.
In electrical research, David is obsessed with the study of continuous current. 1808, he built the largest battery in the world at that time in the basement of the Royal College. More than 800 volts of electric piles are connected together, constantly emitting sulfur smoke and hissing. David connected two carbon rods to the battery, and then put the tips close to each other. A steady stream of current passes through the two ends of the carbon rod, giving off dazzling bright sparks, and the light breaks through the darkness. This is the arc of David, symbolizing the end of an era and the beginning of our era. This is the age of electricity.
David's contribution lies not only in arc lamps, but also in the field of electrochemistry. 1807165438+1October 19, David announced the successful preparation of metal potassium and sodium. Later, David also extracted mercury and made it into metal substances such as barium, magnesium and strontium. He discovered the anesthetic effect of nitrous oxide and invented a safety lamp for miners. He was promoted to professor at the age of 24. 18 12 was knighted in Britain, 1820 was elected president of the royal society, and 1826 was elected honorary president of the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg.
David's greatest contribution in his life is to discover and help such outstanding talents as Faraday.
Now we know that electricity and magnetism are interrelated and inseparable basic phenomena, but before the beginning of18th century, electricity and magnetism were studied separately.
Karen has made outstanding contributions to the study of electrostatics.
Charley Augustine Cullen was born in Gulaim on June 1936 1736. Cullen's family is very rich and received a good education in his teens. In scientific research, he focuses on engineering mechanics and statics.
1785, Coulomb established the famous Coulomb's law in electrostatics with a torsion balance invented by himself, and found out the quantitative relationship between the interaction force between two point charges in vacuum and the electric quantity and the distance between them, that is, the interaction force between two charges is proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.
Coulomb's law is the first quantitative law in the history of electricity development, which makes the research of electricity from qualitative to quantitative, and is an important milestone in the history of electricity. Coulomb, the unit of charge, is named after his surname.
Coulomb studied the interaction of magnetic force as well as electrostatic force, but he always separated electricity from magnetism and did not study the relationship between them. It was not until hans christian oersted, a Dane, discovered the magnetic effect of current and Ampere, a Frenchman, discovered the law of interaction between current and electricity that the relationship between electricity and magnetism gradually became clear.
Hans christian oersted,1August, 77714th, was born in a pharmacist's family in Granrud, Lan. /kloc-at the age of 0/2, he began to help his father work in the pharmacy and insisted on studying chemistry. Due to hard work, 17 years old, he was admitted to the free student of Copenhagen University with excellent results, studying medicine and natural science.
Oster has always believed that electricity, magnetism, light, heat and other phenomena are intrinsically related, and firmly believes that there must be some relationship between electricity and magnetism, and electricity can be transformed into magnetism. Franklin, in particular, once found that Leiden bottle discharge can magnetize steel needles, which strengthened his view. Oster carefully examined Coulomb's papers and found that the objects of Coulomb's research were static electricity and magnetostatics, which really could not be transformed. He guessed that non-static electricity and non-static magnetism may be the conditions for transformation, and we should focus on whether there is interaction between current and magnet.
1820 In April, Oster happened to find that the platinum wire was placed above a small magnetic needle covered with a glass cover, and when the power was turned on, he found that the magnetic needle jumped. After that, Oster spent three months doing many experiments and found that the magnetic needle would deflect around the current. Above and below the wire, the deflection direction of the magnetic needle is opposite. Place non-magnetic substances, such as wood, glass, water, rosin, etc. The gap between the conductor and the magnetic needle will not affect the deflection of the magnetic needle.
On July 2 1, 820, 2 1, Oster's paper "Current Shock Experiment on Magnetic Needles" officially announced the discovery of current magnetic effect to the academic community. This is a great moment. Oster proved for the first time that electricity can produce magnetism. He connected electricity with magnetism.
Autes's discovery caught Ampere's attention and deeply touched his Coulomb creed: electricity has nothing to do with magnetism.
André-Marie Ampère was born in Lyon on 1775. At first, Ampere's father taught him Latin, but he soon found that Ampere's mathematical talent was particularly outstanding, so he switched to teaching him mathematics. Ampere has a wide range of interests, including history, travel, poetry, philosophy and natural science.
1820, Oster discovered the current magnetic effect, and Ampere immediately devoted himself to the study. Within a few weeks, he proposed Ampere's law, the right-hand spiral law. Soon after, three papers were published in a few months, and nine famous experiments were designed, summarizing the motion law of current elements in electromagnetic field in current-carrying circuits, that is, ampere's law.
Then he proposed that two parallel current-carrying wires with the same current direction attract each other, and two parallel current-carrying wires with opposite current directions repel each other. The attraction and repulsion between the two coils are also discussed.
182 1 year, Ampere put forward the molecular current hypothesis and the electrodynamics theory for the first time.
Later, Ampere made four exquisite experiments on current interaction, summed up the law of force between current elements with superb mathematical skills, and described the relationship between the interaction between two current elements and the size, spacing and relative orientation of the two current elements. People call this law Ampere's Law.
Ampere integrated his research results into the book Mathematical Theory of Electrodynamics Phenomenon, which became an important classic work in the history of electromagnetism. Maxwell praised Ampere's work as "one of the most brilliant achievements in science" and called Ampere "Newton in electricity".
183 1 year, a scientist from a poor blacksmith family made a key breakthrough in the power plant and changed human civilization forever.
to be continued ...