Du Fu
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
Interpretation of poetry
Mount Tai is magnificent, with endless green hills. Nature concentrates all the wonders of Zhong Ling here. The mountains in the south and the mountains in the north are divided into dusk and day. Looking at the clouds rising in Ran Ran in the mountains, it purified my soul and followed the birds returning to the mountains at dusk. I must climb the top of Mount Tai and overlook the mountains, which will be extremely small.
words explanation
Daizong: Mount Tai, also known as Daishan, is honored as Daizong because it ranks first among the five mountains.
Qilu: The ancient name of the two countries refers to Shandong.
Nature: refers to heaven and earth and nature.
Zhong: Assemble.
Yin and Yang: Yin refers to the north of the mountain and Yang refers to the south of the mountain.
Cut: points.
Stratospheric clouds: clouds and gases are layered and changeable.
Jueshu: describes trying to open your eyes wide and look into the distance, as if your eyes were about to break. Bags under eyes.
It will be: absolutely.
Appreciation of Du Fu's Wang Yue
mansion/residence of a prince
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds fly back and forth before my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
Enjoy 1
Du Fu's poem Wang Yue consists of three poems, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest extant poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated.
There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. The distance is from far to near, and the time is from morning till night. Wang Yue thinks about the future and climbs to Yue.
The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. My admiration and admiration are very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked."
"Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu" is the answer after some imitation, which is really amazing. It is neither abstractly saying that Mount Tai is high, nor using the general language of "Cui Bi pricks the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Ode to Mount Tai", but it has written its own experience in an ingenious way-besides the two great countries of ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, and the height of Mount Tai is set off by distance. Mount Tai is the land in the south and the Qi in the north, so this sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? " He put forward this poem in particular, and it makes sense that no one can succeed.
The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" is naturally affectionate. Xiangyang in front of the mountain is "Yang" and Xiangyang behind the mountain is "Yin". Because of the height of the mountain, the dusk in the sky is judged to be cut on both sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting dusk" "Qie" is a very common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth.
"Clouds Wangfu? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. " In two words, it is to write a beautiful hope. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eyes were going to break. A homing bird refers to a bird that has returned to its nest in the forest. It is already dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the motherland.
"Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." These last two sentences are about the desire to climb Yue arising from looking at Yue. "Hui" is a spoken language in the Tang Dynasty, which means "must". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring": "It must be a dusty thing, covering the Spring Bamboo Pavilion." Sometimes the word "Hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "North Dream": "I will kill this vertical shaft one day!" In other words, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as "Old Shu in this life, Qin after death!" It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret "will" as "should".
From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years, and they still resonate strongly with us today. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Jie) also emphasized the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi Guo" in politics and "frustrated in Lei Jia and short-sighted in Cao Liu wall" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, carved stone as a monument and stood at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will be immortal with Mount Tai. (Xiao Difei)
Appreciate II
Ode to national spirit and personal ambition —— Appreciation of Du Fu's poem "Looking at Yue"
This poem Wang Yue is a famous work by Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. After the imperial examination, the young poet traveled to Qi and Zhao, met Mount Tai and wrote this magnificent and meaningful poem. In this poem, you can't see any negative feelings after the failure of the imperial examination, but only feel the boldness and feelings of a great man.
So, what is the most intriguing thing about this poem?
To understand the emotional content contained in this poem, we must first have a basic understanding of the political and cultural background of Mount Tai. Qiu, a poet in A Qing, wrote in A Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems: "Zheng Ang said: Wang Shengguo must report his generation to this mountain, which is the length of five mountains, so it is called Daizong." In ancient times, some emperors held meditation ceremonies here. During the Warring States Period, some Confucian scholars in Qilu believed that Mount Tai was the first of the five mountains, and the emperor wanted to sacrifice Mount Tai. Therefore, in the eyes of the rulers, Mount Tai is a symbol of the feudal regime's "infinite ascension to heaven" and "eternal achievements to heaven" (see "Empress Wu Han"). This concept of rulers will naturally have a wide and profound impact on the society at that time. Of course, the majestic Mount Tai will not only arouse the association of the rulers and pray for the eternal protection of the regime, but also arouse a sense of loftiness and admiration of the people of China. "The rocks on Mount Tai are what Lu Bang expected" (The Book of Songs Truffle Lu Gong). "The mountains in the east are high and the color is extremely blue." Mountain climbing in Xie Daowen. "Dai Zongxiu Yue Wei, Cui Bi stabbed the sky" (Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Fu"). "Those who climb high above the clouds, those who love the scenery, want to be ahead of thousands of people" (Ding Chunze's Ode to Watching the Sun). From these poems and poems praising Mount Tai, we can easily understand what kind of supreme and beautiful association Mount Tai evokes in the hearts of China people. In this poem, the author combines the praise of the lofty spirit of the nation with his personal passion for joining the WTO, and praises a kind of "Taishan spirit".
As mentioned above, "Daizong" is the honorific title of Mount Tai. The ancients believed that Mount Tai was the head of the five mountains and the place where "Wang Sheng Zhong, Sue Dai"; In the national consciousness, it has the highest symbolic significance. Therefore, when the poet called for the word "Daizong" from the beginning, his mood was solemn. An empty word "husband" subtly conveys such solemn feelings and deep pride; The word "how" shows that the poet's deep affection can only be understood, but it is difficult to express.
The next sentence is "green and dripping, high across Qilu." Has always been respected by people. Mount Tai is located in the north of Qi and the south of Lu. With the vastness of Qilu, you can see its turquoise, so you can feel the height of Mount Tai even more. This way of writing is really novel. But it can also give readers a deeper association: because Qi and Lu are ancient countries, Mount Tai has stood here for a long time; The ancient country and the verdant face of Mount Tai are interdependent, but there is no time. This country with a long history of "Qilu" was once the place where Confucius, a cultural giant who climbed Mount Tai, spread culture and was an extremely important base of Chinese civilization, which could best arouse readers' cordial feelings about its cultural connotation. Mount Tai, written by Du Fu, is not as unattainable as the "emerald green pricks the sky" in Xie Lingyun's Ode to Mount Tai, nor does it cause the feeling of forgetting the world like Li Bai's "Raise your hand for the sake of clarity" (six poems of Mount Tai), but takes root in the earth and stretches for Qilu, bringing infinite green vitality to the world. The epigram of "green is about to drip, spanning Qilu and Qilu" It stems from the poet's reverence for national history and culture and his positive attitude towards life.
The "beauty" in the third sentence is actually vivid from "green". The extraordinary of Mount Tai lies not only in its towering Wan Li, but also in its beautiful spirit. And this "magic show" is a special gift given by nature. In some mysterious atmosphere, Mount Tai reveals an eternal and detached temperament. This period is full of people's awe and admiration for Mount Tai in a specific era, and it also contains the feelings of great pride of poets who belong to the son of Mount Tai.
"What else? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " Refers to the height of Mount Tai. Because the mountain is high, the yin and yang sides of the mountain are actually divided into a faint color and a bright color. This sentence comes from Nature. It is precisely because of "nature" that it endowed all the gods to Mount Tai, and Mount Tai also cut off the twilight and participated in nature with a fantastic attitude. Zhuangzi said: "The beginning of sex is the change of yin and yang." In three or four sentences, the words "nature" and "yin and yang" are written in pairs, which intentionally or unintentionally caused the yin between heaven and earth and Yang Qi to revolve around Mount Tai. In ancient books, there is often an idea about Mount Tai, such as "the breath of Dongyue and the breath of nature are the second instrument of life" (the article "Sacrificing Daiyue" by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty) or "Everything in the East begins to speak for itself" (Yi Tong of the Five Classics). It can be seen that Du Fu was deeply influenced by this thought.
In the above four sentences, the author outlines an all-inclusive and detached Mount Tai with the pen of the Atmospheric Festival; The next four sentences have gradually infiltrated the author's own kindness, and the poet wants to combine his lofty and broad thoughts with the lofty and broad Mount Tai.
"Clouds Wangfu? Free and easy in my chest is a wonderful pen to carry forward. At this time, although the author did not directly write about Mount Tai, he wrote the profundity of Mount Tai through the endless clouds in the mountain. And those poets who are full of thoughts and thoughts with the clouds coming out of the mountain are as broad-minded as smoking Mount Tai. A "swing" and a "life", from static to dynamic, added life to the solemn Mount Tai, and the poet's interest reached a small climax.
"Birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes" further shows the poet's broad mind. This is a subtle sentence in the whole poem, but it shows the infinite vastness of Mount Tai in the high altitude of birds. Flying birds make poetry more energetic and summon the wings of the author's imagination.
No matter from a distance, from a distance, or from a distance, you can't expect Yue. The uniqueness of Mount Tai lies in its spirit of commanding and overlooking the peaks. Therefore, after a great philosopher in China climbed Mount Tai, he felt that the world became smaller: "Confucius climbed Mount Tai and became a small country." ("Mencius Dedicated Articles") Du Fu came to Yue with the ideal of reaching the peak and creating the most brilliant achievements.
Reading the poem "Looking at Yue" carefully, we will deeply feel that there is endless vitality in the vast natural scenery. This vitality belongs to an ancient and young civilization. The majesty of Daizong, the sublimity of Qilu, the vastness of natural yin and yang, and the magnanimity of Confucius on the top of Mount Tai are vivid manifestations of the vitality and wisdom of an ancient civilization. A poet, however, can only make his poems as long as the mountains and rivers of the motherland by integrating his ideals into the broad national spirit with infinite vitality. This poem "Looking at Yue" belongs to Du Fu himself and also to the nation. (Li Lienan)
Appreciation 3
This poem is the earliest extant one of Du Fu's poems, and its lines are full of youthful Du Fu's fluffy vitality.
In the first two sentences, write the tall and majestic scene of Mount Tai in the distance. The opening is led by a question, which forms an abrupt language situation and inspires the whole article. How to Be a Husband vividly expresses the poet's excitement and joy when he first saw Mount Tai. The second sentence shows a vast expanse of green mountains and rivers, showing the majesty of Mount Tai.
In two sentences, write the magical, beautiful, majestic and tall image of Mount Tai from a close perspective. Zhong is about the magical beauty of Mount Tai. "Breaking the Dawn" describes the grandeur and broadness of Mount Tai. The word "zhong" infects the feelings of nature and expresses the poet's love and praise for Mount Tai. The word "cut" is novel and powerful, as if "faint" and "dawn" were cut off by Mount Tai, writing the majestic momentum of Mount Tai. This combination of reality and reality makes the still mountain full of vitality.
Neck couplets, writing Mount Tai from the perspective of gaze, try to express the height of Mount Tai through dynamic pictures. It is a wonderful finishing touch to use the delicate object of "bird" to set off the vast scenery here. From morning till night, the poet is still in front of him, so absorbed that the poet loves Yue. This couplet sets off the grandeur of Mount Tai with larks, which shows the poet's long-term ecstasy and surging lofty sentiments and shows his open mind.
At the end of the sentence, the poet's desire from looking up at Mount Tai to reaching the top. The poet sets off and renders the present scene with imaginary scenes. The word "Ling" shows the determination and heroism to climb the summit of Mount Tai. "Other mountains are dwarfed under the sky." He wrote his imaginary feeling of climbing to the top of the mountain and overlooking the mountains, which is very poetic and powerful. From these two sentences, we can see that the poet Du Fu is not afraid of difficulties and dares to climb high and look far. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years and still resonate with us today. )
The whole poem takes the word "Wang" as the red line, and the scene blends. As far as distance is concerned, hope is from far to near, and as far as time is concerned, hope is from morning till night, from looking at Yue, imagining the future of climbing Yue and looking far. In terms of description methods, this poem is composed of reality and reality, from scene to emotion, from emotion to scene, from emotion to scene, from emotion to scene and from scene to scene.
Appreciation 4
Heroic mind and lofty style —— Reading Du Fu's poem "Looking at Yue"
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. God makes Zhong Xiu, and? A day immediately enters dawn and dusk .. layers of white clouds, cleaning up the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket. Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
Du Fu wrote three poems about Yue, praising the three famous mountains of Dongyue, Nanyue and Xiyue respectively. This poem "Wang Yue" is one of the famous poems written by the poet in Dongyue to praise Mount Tai.
This five-character ancient poem is the earliest work in Du Fu's poetry collection. When writing this poem, the poet was only in his twenties. The year before writing poetry, Du Fu was admitted to Jinshi and came last. At that time, he was full of vigor and vitality and didn't have much experience in society and the world, so he didn't suffer much from the second place this time. He is still full of confidence in his future and has beautiful illusions. In the second year (736), another strong patrol began. "Return to sail and caress Tianmu, and pay tribute to your hometown in middle age. Anger bent Lei Jia, and his eyes could not see the walls of Cao Liu. I was admitted to work and resigned from Jingyintang alone. When you were dissolute, Qiu Ma was quite crazy. " (Zhuang You) vividly reflects the heroic mind, intense feelings and noble character of young poets at that time, and is also full of strong romanticism. This style is also reflected in the poem "Looking at Yue".
"How magnificent Mount Tai is! ? The endless green stretches across Qilu and the terrain is very high .. "The poet naturally leads to Mount Tai with the sentence of asking questions; In the way of self-answer, it depicts the majestic image of Mount Tai. The so-called Daizong, also known as Daishan, is Mount Tai, because it is the first of the five mountains, so Yundaizong. The predecessors said that "the yang of Mount Tai is Lu, and its yin is Qi", "From Qi to Lu, the two countries are not finished." The poet firmly grasped the characteristics of a piece of green, without much pen and ink, and only used the phrase "green is about to drip, and the land is high." It vividly depicts its towering, verdant and boundless shape. Poets spoke highly of this, saying that "only five words cover the truth of a lifetime."
"The beauty of nature is beautiful, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " Is the beauty of Mount Tai deliberately described by the poet: this grotesque mountain seems to be specially built for the gods, which concentrates all the magical beauty possessed by nature; The mountain peaks go straight into the sky, blocking the sunshine and dividing Shannan into two different worlds-it's a bright morning here and a dark night there. The words "zhong" and "qie" used by the poet here are all ingenious. The former describes the "magic show" of Mount Tai that embodies all the mountains, while the latter vividly sets off the towering peaks that cover the sun. In the poet's pen, this Mount Tai is both magical and majestic!
Then, Du Fu further described the scenery of Mount Tai and his feelings of seeing Yue in two sentences: "I was born with my chest swinging, and birds are flying around in my eyes." Born. " Because this mountain peak is very high and clouds are piled up, the poet stands at the foot of the mountain and looks up, as if feeling the clouds swaying his heart, so his depression is washed away and his mind is wide open; As they are far apart, try to keep your eyes open, concentrate, stare at the birds and follow their whereabouts. These two sentences are not completely realistic, but the poet's imagination. As Wang Siyuan said: "The phrase" swinging the chest "is awesome. The sentence' affirmation' shows a broad vision. The public body is in Yuelu, and the spirit is in Ding Yue. "
Finally, the poet ended the poem with a heroic poem: "Climb to the top of the mountain, and you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky." . Since the poet is facing this picturesque mountain, it is refreshing and radiant to look up at it, so why not climb the top of the mountain in person and enjoy the scenery of Mount Tai? The poet expressed his wish to climb the mountain here. Ling Jueding embodies his overall situation and heroism. The word "ling" is used aptly and vividly, and the determination to go forward is simply on the paper. In these two poems, Du Fu used the meaning of "Confucius" ... to climb Mount Tai and make the world smaller ",which not only further praised the majestic posture of Mount Tai, but also expressed his lofty aspirations that he dared to climb and would soar to the sky. From here, we can clearly understand the strong self-confidence and self-improvement attitude of young poets, which is also the natural expression of Du Fu's early positive and enterprising thoughts.
This poem is closely combined with scenery writing and lyricism. Really achieve the scene contains feelings, feelings have scenes, feelings move with the scene, and the scene blends. The whole poem has a word "Wang", from far and near, from near and far, through the eyes step by step, deepening layer by layer. Therefore, predecessors thought: "Wang Yue is different from Deng Yue. To climb Yue, it is necessary to elaborate on the strangeness at the foot of Yue Mountain. This stone is too big to see. If you expect Yue, you can't. You must write a letter about it and write it out. There is a saying called hitting people. " (See "Selected Poems of Du Fu") Therefore, the whole poem has an open artistic conception, vivid images, high style and great momentum, which makes people impressed and charming after reading it. It is worthy of being a masterpiece in Du Fu's poems. At the same time, Mount Tai has been praised by poets and poets because it is the first of the five mountains, with magical scenery and colorful weather. However, the poems praising Mount Tai in past dynasties cannot be compared with this poem "Looking at Yue", so Qiu said, "Before Shaoling, there were poems by Xie Lingyun and Li Bai. Xie Shi's eight characters, the upper part is ancient and beautiful, and the lower part is flat and shallow. In the six chapters of Shi Li, there are good sentences, but the meaning is repetitive. This poem is so powerful that you can ignore these two families. " He also said: "this chapter is like five laws, but the sentences are plain and inharmonious, covering the duality of ancient poetry." But he is high-spirited and high-spirited, and he can drive directly above Qi Liang. " These comments are certainly high, but they are also to the point.
Full Moon is a poem with high reciting rate in China's ancient poems. In about the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Du Fu was twenty-nine years old and went to Yanzhou to visit his father. Then he went from Qi to Lu and wrote this poem via Mount Tai. This is one of the few early works of the poet. When people read this poem, in addition to feeling the majesty of Mount Tai, they are more likely to be infected and excited by the idea of "reaching the peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.", because it is not only a summary of the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but also leaves people with profound enlightenment.
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