1. Exclamation:

A rhetorical method that expresses sad, gratifying, lamentable and other emotions through voice.

1) Exclamatory sentences composed of modal particles

◎ I haven’t seen it for more than a year, but here it is! "Mandarin Duck Tattoo" Zhang Manjuan

◎ Your money is still with me! "Mandarin Duck Tattoo" Zhang Manjuan

2) Exclamatory sentences composed of interjections

◎ Unexpectedly..., this country is not ordinary! "Kino Journey 9" Shiguozawa Keiichi

◎ When you receive praise, you should express your joy! "Kino's Journey 9" Shiguozawa Keiichi

3) Exclamatory sentences composed of interjections and modal particles

◎ Hey! Not one cup, at least three cups. "Mandarin Duck Tattoo" Zhang Manjuan

◎ Great! Look at our oil sellers, with their heads and faces straightened together, they look like freshly steamed siomai. "Mandarin Duck Tattoo" Zhang Manjuan

2. Asking questions:

A rhetorical method that does not directly describe, but uses questions to highlight arguments, attract attention, or inspire thinking, thus causing changes in the article.

1) Questions

◎ How to shape the quality of life? That is the supreme art. (Henry David Thoreau)

◎ What can help me maintain my confidence today? "Daily Meditation Quotations"

2) Provocative Questions

◎ Who doesn't have a little feeling about the changes in people's situation? "Talking about Literature" Zhu Guangqian

◎ How can an art be developed if it becomes a parasitic place for dead and corrupt interests? "Poetics" Zhu Guangqian

3) Question

◎ How is it like knowing everywhere in life? It should be like a flying dragon stepping on slush. "He Zi nostalgic from Mianchi" Su Shi

◎ How much sorrow can you have? Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward. "Poppy" Li Yu

3. Copying:

The various feelings about things are described through the author's subjective feelings, which is called copying. Its function is to describe specific things. Reaction, giving readers a vivid impression and an emotion of conviction or agreement.

1) Visual imitation

◎ There are old cypresses in front of Kongming Temple, with branches as bronze as roots as stone. "The Journey to Ancient Cypresses" by Du Fu

◎ When the peaks are removed, the sky is not full, and withered pines hang upside down against the cliffs "The Road to Shu is Difficult" by Li Bai

2) Copying of hearing

< p>◎ On the cold seven strings, listen quietly to the cold wind in the pines. 〈Listen to Playing the Qin〉Liu Changqing

◎ He is good at playing drums, clouds and harp, and can taste the spirit of the emperor. Feng Yikong danced by himself, but Chu Ke couldn't bear to listen. The bitter tone of the metal and stone, the voiceless sound enters the darkness. Cangwu comes to complain and admire, and the white peony moves to bring fragrance. The flowing water flows through Xiangpu, and the sad wind passes through Dongting. At the end of the song, no one can be seen, and there are several green peaks on the river.

Qian Qi

3) Imitation of the sense of smell

◎ In the summer when Furong died, the lotus flowers in Qujiang were blooming like crazy. The fresh aroma can be smelled from miles away. "Mandarin Duck Tattoo" by Zhang Manjuan

◎ A spring night is worth a thousand gold, the flowers are fragrant and the moon is cloudy. "Spring Night" Su Shi

4. Imitation:

Deliberately imitating the tone and even the chapter format of the predecessors, using the impression of the original work in the readers' minds to trigger new meanings, Sometimes more ironically, this rhetoric is called parody.

1) Paragraph

◎ As soon as July passes, the sound of cicadas becomes old. (Zhang Xiaofeng of "Homesickness Stone"); imitating the lyrics of "Treading on the Shasha" by Kou Zhun of the Song Dynasty

◎ The first boo is whimpering, and the second one is wailing. ("Chu Ge Four Talks about Literature" by Yu Guangzhong); imitation of Ouyang Xiu's "Ode to the Sound of Autumn"

2) imitation of tune

◎ There is a sad wind at dusk, and it is so confusing to look around. Draw your sword and go to the east gate, draw your sword and go to the west gate, draw your sword and go to the south gate, draw your sword and go to the north gate.

("Draw the Sword" by Yang Ze); imitation of the Han Dynasty Yuefu poem "Draw the Sword and Go to the East Gate"

◎ Sit down in the cinema and listen to the local accent spoken by the girl next to you, and you will feel like you are returning home home. What a joy!

("Twenty-Four Happy Things After Coming to Taiwan" by Lin Yutang); imitated by Jin Shengtan's "The Romance of the West Chamber"

3) Upgrade Interview and Satire

◎ It's difficult to meet each other It is also difficult to say goodbye. The east wind is powerless and all the flowers are withered. The spring silkworms will not run out until they die, and the wax torches will turn to ashes before the tears dry up. ..., the spring silkworms will die when they die. If you are proud of life, you must enjoy it to the fullest. "Cockroach and the Girl from the North" Cleanmoon

◎ The wind is blowing and the weather is cold, and the hands of a strong man are about to break while doing homework.

5. Quotation:

Quoting other people’s words or allusions, famous quotes, poems, stories or sayings in an article is called rhetorical quotation. The principle is to use ordinary people's respect for public opinions and worship of authority to increase the persuasiveness of their own words and achieve the purpose of convincing others.

1) Explicit quotation

◎The poet Wordsworth said it well, "Poetry starts from the emotions gained from aftertaste in silence." "On Literature" Zhu Guangqian

◎ Yuan Yishan and Zhang Zhongjie wrote in their essay on poetry: "The article comes from painstaking efforts, who takes the painstaking efforts?" "Talking about Literature" Zhu Guangqian

2) Secret use

◎"One "Bitter tears" is "full of nonsense". This kind of discouragement has a long historical tradition.

"Talk about Literature" Zhu Guangqian

◎ You don't have to remember many things at the same time in one day. Memorizing too much will inevitably be like "counting radish in the cellar", and you will never remember it well.

"Talking about Literature" Zhu Guangqian

3) Transformation

◎He smiled while talking and drank a glass of wine.

"Mandarin Duck Tattoo" Zhang Manjuan

◎She knows very well that good flowers are in Mingyan, how many spring and autumn days can she show them? "Mandarin Duck Tattoo" Zhang Manjuan