The classical Chinese translation of Li Li Fu Jian

1. What is the original classical Chinese translation of Li Li Fu Jian

Li Li is the principle of Jin Wengong. Anyone who commits suicide will be punished by death. Wen Gong said: "Officials are high or low, and punishments are severe. If a subordinate has made a mistake, it is not the son's fault." Li Li said: "I am an official who is the leader, and I will not give up my position to the officials; if I receive a lot of salary, I will not share it with the subordinates." Benefit. Now if you listen to the murder, you will be punished by the officials, which is not what you heard." Duke Wen said: "You think you are guilty, so I am also guilty?" Li Li said: "There are principles and laws, if you fail to punish, you should be punished, and if you fail, you should die." The Duke said that his ministers can listen to subtle details and resolve doubts, so he entrusted them with principles. Today Anyone who kills someone will be punished by death." So he refused the order and died with his sword.

Translation

Li Li was the prison officer of Duke Wen of Jin. He mistakenly listened to the report of his subordinates and sentenced people to death, and imprisoned himself for the crime of death. Jin Wengong said: " There are distinctions between high and low officials, and there are different levels of punishment. It is not your fault that the lower-level officials are at fault!" Li Li said: "My official position is that of a senior official, and I will not give up my position to the lower-level officials. I enjoy a large salary and do not agree with my subordinates. Share the benefits equally. Now I mistakenly listened to the report from the subordinates and sentenced people to death, but passed the blame on the subordinate officials. This is unheard of." He refused and refused to accept the order. Jin Wengong said: "If you think you are guilty. "Am I guilty too?" Li Li said: "The prison officer abides by the law and wrongly sentenced himself to death. If he wrongly sentenced someone to death, he should be sentenced to death. Do you think I can examine the unclear and difficult cases?" The case, so I was appointed as the prison officer, and now I mistakenly listened to the report of the subordinate and sentenced the person to death. The crime deserves death." So he still refused to accept the order and committed suicide with his sword.

Special sentence pattern: overhearing kills. (Omit the sentence and omit the subject "Li Li") If you are detained, you will die. (Object in front) One word with multiple meanings: Li (prison officer) Dang (conviction) Guo (mistake) Tingweijuejiu (listening: review) Tongjiazi: Fu (same as "attached", referring to transfer) Wen: Hearing< /p>

2. Translation of Li Li Fu Jian Li Li was the prison officer of Jin Wengong. He mistakenly listened to the report of his subordinates and sentenced people to death, and imprisoned himself for the death penalty. Jin Wengong said: "Official There are distinctions between high and low, and punishments vary. The lower-level officials are at fault, and it is not your fault."

Li Li said: "My official position is that of a chief, and I will not give up my position to the lower-level officials; enjoy it. I have a large salary and do not share the benefits equally with my subordinates. Now I have heard a wrong report from a subordinate and sentenced someone to death, but passed the crime on to the subordinate officials. This is unheard of." He refused and refused to accept the order. Jin Wengong said: "If you think you are guilty, am I guilty too?" Li Li said: "The prison officer abides by the law and rules. If he wrongly sentences someone, he should be sentenced to death. If he wrongly sentences someone to death, he should be sentenced to death.

< p>You think that I can judge the case by listening to the subtle things, so you let me be the prison officer. Now I mistakenly listened to the report of the subordinate and sentenced the person to death. The crime deserves death." So he still refused to accept the order. Death by suicide with a sword.

3. Li Li Fu Jian’s word interpretation (1) Fault: Wrong.

(2) When: Convicted.

(3) means: take charge of, act as.

(4) Accept: accept.

(5) points: Share.

(6) Fu: Tong "attached", attached, extended to push.

(7) Zi: You.

(8) Think: think.

(9) Listen to the details and decide the doubts: Listen to the details and judge difficult cases.

(10) Envoy: dispatch, order.

(11) Fu: To "submit". This refers to admitting guilt.

(12) The principle of Duke Wen of Jin: the prison officer of Duke Wen of Jin. Duke Wen of Jin, the king of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, was named Chong'er and was one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.

4. Translation of Li Li’s Self-Execution Classical Chinese Literature Li Li was the prison officer of Jin Wengong. He mistakenly listened to the report of his superiors and sentenced people to death, and imprisoned himself for the death penalty. Jin Wengong said: " There are distinctions between high and low officials, and there are different levels of punishment. It is not your fault that the lower-level officials are at fault!" Li Li said: "My official position is that of a senior official, and I will not give up my position to the lower-level officials. I enjoy a large salary and do not agree with my subordinates. Share the benefits equally. Now I mistakenly listened to the report from the subordinates and sentenced people to death, but passed the blame on the subordinate officials. This is unheard of. "

He refused and refused to accept the order, Jin Wengong said. "If you think you are guilty, am I guilty too?" Li Li said: "The prison officer abides by the law and wrongly sentences him, so he should be sentenced to death. If he wrongly sentences someone to death, he should be sentenced to death.

You made me a prison officer because I can examine obscure cases and decide difficult cases. Now I mistakenly listen to the reports of subordinates and sentence people to death. The crime deserves death. ”

So he still refused to accept the order and committed suicide with his sword.

5. Li Li was the judge of Duke Wen of Jin.

He made a mistake in investigating the case and wasted a life. When he found out, he imprisoned himself and sentenced him to death. Duke Wen said: "Official positions vary, and the punishments vary.

This is the fault of your officials, not your fault. Li Li said: "My official position is that of a chief, and I have never given up my high position to my subordinates. I have received a lot of official salary, and I have never given any benefits to them."

Now I have to pass the blame to the subordinates when my investigation of the case was wrong and a life was wasted. I have never heard of this theory. "He refused to accept Duke Wen's order.

Wen Gong said: "You think you are guilty, then am I guilty too? Li Li said: "Judges have rules and regulations for deciding cases. If you are wrongly sentenced, you will be punished personally. If you are wrongly killed, you will be punished with death." You made me a judge because I can listen to subtle details and decide difficult cases.

Now that I heard the facts of the case incorrectly and killed someone in vain, I should be sentenced to death. " So he refused to accept the pardon from Duke Wen of Jin and committed suicide with his sword.

6. Translating classical Chinese text, the original text is urgently needed:

In the past, there were doctors who used self-media to cure hunchback. He said: "It is like a bow, like a shrimp, like a twist and turn. I can guide my treatment in the morning and know the target at night." "One man believed Yan, and asked him to cure the camel. He put two pieces of rope and plank on the ground, put the camel lying on it, and pressed Yan with one, and the camel was raised. The camel followed the uprightness, and then died. His son The doctor said: "I treat hunchbacks, but I care about people's integrity, but I don't care about people's death!"

There once was a doctor who boasted that he could cure hunchback. He said: "No matter the hunchback is like a bow, like a shrimp, or bent like an iron ring, please let me cure it." If it is cured in the morning, it will be as straight as an arrow shaft in the evening. "A man believed it and asked him to cure the hunchback.

The doctor wanted to bring two door panels, put one on the ground, ask the hunchback to lie on it, put the other one on top, and then jump up The hunchback man's son was about to go to the government to sue him, but the doctor said, "My profession is to cure hunchbacks. I just want to cure hunchbacks." Straighten the hunchback, it doesn't matter whether the person lives or dies! "

A thousand gold to buy a horse's head

[Original text]

In ancient times, there was a king who spent a thousand gold to buy a thousand-mile horse, but he couldn't get it in three years. Juan Ren said that Zijun Said ①: "Ask for it." "The king left it and got a thousand-mile horse in three months. The horse is dead, so I bought its head for 500 gold and repaid you 2. The king said angrily: "The one you asked for will live a horse, and the horse will die safely. And donate five hundred gold③! Juan said to him, "If you buy a dead horse for five hundred gold, how about a live horse?" The world must regard the king as the most powerful horse④. The horse has arrived now⑤! "So, we can't expect that in the fifth year of

, a thousand-mile horse will come.

——"Warring States Policy"

In ancient times, there was a king who was willing to He bought a thousand-mile horse at a high price, but failed to buy it after three years.

This incident became the king's biggest worry. /p>

Relieve His Majesty’s worries. "The king was very happy and asked him to take a thousand taels of gold and set off immediately. The eunuch traveled all over the country and searched everywhere. It took him three months to find out that there was a thousand-mile horse somewhere. He He rushed there immediately, but unfortunately, the thousand-mile horse had died of old age. What should he do? After careful consideration, the eunuch decided to buy the dead horse for five hundred taels of gold. The horse's head was brought back to the capital and presented to the king. When the king saw that it was a dead horse's head, he was furious: "I want a horse that can travel thousands of miles a day, but you spent five years." One hundred

Two pieces of gold bought me a smelly horse head. What's your intention? Do you still want to live if you tease the king? The eunuch said calmly: "Please calm down your anger." A thousand-mile horse is very hard to find. Without great sincerity, the horse owner

is not willing to take action easily. Now the king is even willing to buy the head of a dead horse, let alone a live horse, for five hundred taels of gold. The king's sincerity in visiting Chollima will surely spread throughout the world soon. If it doesn't take long, the horse that travels thousands of miles will be delivered to the king.

"Sure enough, in less than a year, three thousand-mile horses were sent from various places.

Original text:

In the sea of ??Dengzhou, there are clouds from time to time. , such as palaces, terraces, battlements, figures, carriages and horses, and crowns, are all clearly visible. It is called "the sea city" or "the spirit of the mirage". It is doubtful that Ouyang Wenzhong once went to Heshuo. Passing through Gaotang County, there were ghosts and gods passing by in the air at night in the post house. The sounds of carriages, horses, people and animals could be distinguished one by one. The description was very detailed, but there is no record of it. When I asked the elders here, they said: "Twenty years ago, I passed through the county in the daytime." , and also see the characters vividly. "The natives also call it "Sea City," which is roughly similar to what is seen in Dengzhou.

Translation:

On the sea in Dengzhou, clouds and mist sometimes appear. The palace rooms, pavilion landscapes, city walls, figures, carriages and horses, and roofs of buildings are all clearly visible. Some people call it "the sea city": "(This is) the dragon's breath." And formed. "(I) doubt that is the case. Ouyang Wenzhong once went to Heshuo as an envoy and passed through Gaotang County. In the post house, he heard ghosts and gods passing by from the sky at night. The sounds of carriages, horses, humans and animals could be distinguished one by one. He said it in great detail, so I won’t excerpt it in detail here. He asked a local elder and said: “I passed through this county during the day twenty years ago, and I could clearly see people and things. "The locals also call this (this scene) "Sea City". It is roughly the same as what they saw in Dengzhou.

7. Li Li, Jin Wengong's Li also Li Li's introduction to Li Li, He was probably born in today's Houma City, Shanxi Province, and the year of his birth and death cannot be verified.

There are no records of Li Li in pre-Qin history books. His deeds first appeared in Han Dynasty works. The reason why this figure has been ignored is that "Historical Records: Biographies of Xunli" records that Li Li served as an official in the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period, and his tenure was during the reign of Duke Wen of Jin (636 BC - 628 BC). ) period. As for whether he was a hereditary official, it is difficult to verify today.

However, he is the earliest person with the surname Li found in official history so far. Unfortunately, he has not been able to do so. However, his story of defending the dignity of the law and taking responsibility for wrongful convictions has left a wonderful chapter in the history of the rule of law in China. p>

The original text of Li Li is based on the principle of Duke Wen of Jin. Anyone who commits suicide should be punished by death.

Gong Wen said: "Officials are high or low, and punishments vary. If a subordinate has made a mistake, it is not the son's fault. ”

Li Li said: “If a minister is an official, he will not give up his position to the officials; if he receives a lot of salary, he will not share the profits with his subordinates.” Today, I have heard of killing people and blaming the officials for their crimes, which is not what I heard. "

The words were not ordered. Wen Gong said: "You think you are guilty, I am also guilty? Li Li said: "There are principles and laws. If you miss the punishment, you should be punished. If you miss the punishment, you should die."

The public thinks that the minister can listen to subtle details and resolve doubts, so he makes him reasonable. If you commit murder today, you will be punished with death. ”

He refused to obey the order and fell on his sword and died. Translation: Li Li was the prison officer of Jin Wengong. He mistakenly listened to the report of his superiors and sentenced people to death, and imprisoned himself for the death penalty. Jin Dynasty Wen Gong said: "Officials are divided into high and low positions, and punishments are divided into severity. The lower-level officials made mistakes, and it is not your fault! Li Li said: "My official position is that of a chief, and I will not give up my position to subordinates. I enjoy a large salary and do not share the benefits equally with my subordinates. Now I mistakenly listened to the report of my subordinates and sentenced people to death, but passed the crime to the subordinates." This has never been heard of among officials. "

He refused and refused to accept the order. Jin Wengong said: "If you think you are guilty, am I guilty too? Li Li said: "The prison officer abides by the law. If he wrongly sentences someone, he should be sentenced to death. If he wrongly sentences someone to death, he should be sentenced to death." You made me a prison officer because I can examine obscure cases and decide difficult cases. Now I mistakenly listen to the reports of subordinates and sentence people to death. The crime deserves death. ”

So he still refused to accept the order, committed suicide with a sword and died. Explain the special sentence pattern: murder by overhearing.

(Omitted sentence, omit the subject "Li Li") Self-imprisonment The word "should die" (prepositioned object) has multiple meanings: Li (Prison Officer) Dang (Conviction) Guo (Error) Tingweijueji (Listen: Examine) Tongjie: Fu (same as "attached", refers to transfer) Analysis for Regarding Li Li's martyrdom, "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" quoted a poem from "The Book of Songs" to evaluate: He is a gentleman, and he is not a vegetarian.

"Historical Records" commented more accurately: Li Li. Folding the sword is for the sake of the law. Interpreted from today's perspective, Li Li's martyrdom for the law has at least the following three meanings: First, when faced with the conflict between the emperor's order and the law, he chose to defy the emperor's order to maintain the dignity of the law.

In other words, in Li Li's view, the law is higher than the emperor's order. Since ancient times, "the emperor's orders must not be violated" has been an iron law. There are too many "loyal ministers" who have died for the emperor's words. Of course, there are also those who disobey the emperor's orders. For example, if the emperor is fatuous, ministers will come out to advise and advise. If the remonstrance fails, he will "remonstrate to death" and become a loyal martyr.

However, examples like this of defying the emperor's orders and committing suicide are very rare, if not unique, in China's thousands of years of history where "rule by man" has been the main theme. Secondly, Li Li's era should be an era when "a doctor could not be punished", but he challenged the slave owner's hierarchical privilege system with the spirit of "princes who break the law are equally guilty as the common people". This shows that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, " The ideological factor of "everyone is equal before the law" has quietly sprouted.

Third, even if measured by today's laws, Li Li's wrongful conviction is only a negligent act, and the responsibility for it should be borne by the entire state apparatus. As far as Li Li is concerned, he apologized and Punishing yourself by taking the blame and resigning is enough to bear the corresponding responsibility.

However, Li Li chose to use his life to apologize. Although this overcorrecting method has its pedantic side, it is a brilliant chapter in the history of ancient Chinese legal system to declare the sanctity of the law at the cost of life.

Although Li Li Fu Jian has obvious progressive significance in the history of the legal system, Li Li's thinking of valuing the law above life and the law above imperial power is inconsistent with the feudal system that has supported Chinese society for more than two thousand years. The imperial autocratic government was incompatible with the imperial autocratic regime, which is probably the main reason why his name and deeds are often submerged in the long river of history. After Li Li, there was Jing Ke who said, "The wind is rustling, the water is cold, and the strong man will never return once he is gone." There is Tan Sitong, who is "I am smiling to the sky from my horizontal sword, leaving my liver and gallbladder in Kunlun", and so on.

Compared to them, Li Li's blood may not be heroic. Some people may be underestimating Li Li's sacrifice, and Li Li's behavior may even be overkill. However, the allusion of "Li Li and his sword" is a vivid teaching material in the history of China's legal system; his story of defending the dignity of the law, taking responsibility for a wrongful conviction and "martyrdom for the law" has become a rare asset in the process of China's rule of law.

Comment on Zhao Huanan According to the "Historical Records: Biographies of Xunli" records: Li Li, the highest judicial officer in the Jin Wengong era, once wrongly sentenced a person to death based on the case reported to him by his subordinates, so he detained himself Get up and prepare to die. Jin Wengong said: "Official ranks have different levels, and punishments also have different severity. The people below made a mistake in this case, and it is not your fault!" Li Li said: "My official position is very high, and I never give any power to my subordinates; I enjoy it. He received a lot of salary, but did not give any benefits to his subordinates. Now he misjudged the case and killed someone, but passed the blame on his subordinates. This is unheard of."

After saying this, he ignored Duke Wen of Jin. To dissuade him, Fu Jian committed suicide. This is the famous "Li Li Fu Sword" in history.

This Li Li is indeed respectable and admirable. Some people may think that he is a bit "stupid", but in fact he must do this. In ancient times, judges emphasized the "responsibility system" and the "accountability system" when deciding cases. In order to implement the laws that reflect their own will, the ruling class has clear provisions on punishing judicial officials for their "wrongful and perverse" behaviors in deciding cases. Li Li When he was in office, the State of Jin clearly stipulated that judges who wrongly convict should be treated as false accusers, and the principle of "reverse sitting" should be implemented.

Li Li "died with his sword", in fact.

8. Classical Chinese translation: Li Li's biography Li Li's biography

Shi She was the prime minister of King Chu Zhao. He was strong, upright, honest and fair. He was neither flattering nor timid. Small avoidance. Once while traveling to the county, a murderer happened to kill someone on the way. He pursued the murderer, who turned out to be his own father. He let his father go and imprisoned himself when he returned. He sent someone to tell King Zhao: "The murderer is my father. If you punish your father to establish political achievements, it is unfilial; if you abandon the law and condone crime, it is unfaithful; therefore, I deserve the death penalty." King Zhao said: "You If you pursue a murderer but fail to catch him, you should not punish him. You should go and manage the affairs of the country." Shi She said: "If you don't favor your father, you are not a filial son; It is a favor; it is the duty of a minister to serve his sentence." So Shi She did not obey the order of the king of Chu and committed suicide.

Li Li is the judge of Duke Wen of Jin. He heard that the case was wrong and the murder was in vain. When he found out, he imprisoned himself and sentenced him to death. Duke Wen said: "Official positions vary in rank, and punishments vary in severity. This is the fault of your officials, not your fault."

Li Li said: "My official position is that of a chief, and I have never given up my high position to my subordinates. I have received a lot of official salary, and I have never given any benefits to them." Now I have misjudged the facts of the case and a person's life was wasted, but I have to pass the blame to the subordinates. I have never heard of this theory. "He refused to accept Duke Wen's order. Duke Wen said: "You think you are guilty, then am I guilty too? "Li Li said: "Judges have rules and regulations for deciding cases. If you are wrongly sentenced, you will be punished personally, and if you are wrongly killed, you will be punished with death. You made me a judge because I can listen to subtle details and decide difficult cases. Now I heard the case wrongly and killed someone in vain, so I should be sentenced to death. "So he refused to accept Jin Wengong's pardon and committed suicide with his sword.

9. Jin Wengong rebelled against the country, and Li Li translated Dali's classical Chinese. Jin Wengong returned to the country, and Li Li served as Dali (in charge of criminal law). An official) who mistakenly killed an innocent man tied himself up and said: "My crime deserves the death penalty. Duke Wen of Jin ordered: "Officials are divided into superior and inferior officials, and the punishments vary. This is the crime of your subordinate officials, not yours." Li Li said: "I am the highest official of Dali Temple, and I have not given up my position to my subordinates; I have the highest salary, and I have not shared it with my subordinates." I killed an innocent person by mistake, I was afraid of death, and passed the responsibility to my subordinates. This is not righteousness. My crime deserves death." Jin Wengong said: "You must think that you are guilty, then I am also at fault. "Li Li said: "Your Majesty judges a person's talent and gives him an official position. A minister accepts this position and takes on the responsibility of handling affairs. On the day I accepted the official seal and ribbon, your Majesty told me: 'You must use benevolence and righteousness to assist me in handling matters. In government, it is better to keep people alive because of wrongful convictions than to kill people because of wrongful judgments. 'I listened to His Majesty's words, but did not do so, so that His Majesty's favor could not be extended to others. According to my crime, I should be sentenced to death. What is your Majesty's fault? Moreover, there is a law in Dali Temple. Officials who allow prisoners to live because of wrongful convictions are not sentenced to death. Officials who kill people because of wrongful convictions are sentenced to death. Your Majesty thinks that I can pay attention to subtle plots and solve difficult problems. of problems,

described as thoughtful and good at solving problems through listening

)

So I was appointed Dali,

Now I act harshly,

without regard for benevolence and justice,

trust my subordinates

without knowing right from wrong,

,

Listening to other people's testimony,

finding out the facts without details,

beating innocent people into submission, making the people resentful, the people in the world will definitely talk about Your Majesty and the princes when they hear about it. After hearing this, I must

look down on our country.

Resentment has accumulated in the hearts of the people, Your Majesty's bad name has spread throughout the world, and the country's prestige has been lost among the princes.

According to

my crime,

It should be sentenced to death twice. ”

Jin Wengong said:

“I have heard of people who only know how to walk in a straight line and don’t know how to take detours

,

You cannot associate with him; if he is upright and not flexible, you cannot get along with him for a long time. I hope you will listen to my words for this reason.

”

Li Li said:

“Because of my selfishness, I violated the national law, killed innocent people and sacrificed life for death. These two

They cannot be used to educate the people.

I dare not listen to your majesty. ”

Jin Wengong said:

“Have you not heard that Guan Zhong did things

as a minister

He himself was humiliated and the monarch The heart is satisfied, the behavior is stained and the hegemony is successful. "

Li Li said:

"I don't have Guan Zhong's talents

but I have a reputation for moral corruption.

There is no credit for helping His Majesty achieve hegemony,

but there are crimes that have tarnished His Majesty's reputation

.

I can no longer manage officials,

manage the people with a bad reputation,

Although Your Majesty cannot bear to impose the law

I,

I don’t dare to tarnish my official name,

I broke the law to survive,

I accept His Majesty’s teachings.

'

'

So he committed suicide with a sword

10. Historical Records of Classical Chinese Translation Training·Biographies of Xunli

Li Li was a judge of Duke Wen of Jin. He heard that the case was wrong and the murder was in vain. When he found out, he imprisoned himself and sentenced him to death. Duke Wen said: "Official positions vary, and the punishments vary. This is the fault of the officials under you, not your fault." Li Li said: "The official position I hold is that of a superior, and I have never given up my high position to my subordinates; I accept it." I have a lot of official salary, but I have never given any benefits to them. Now I want to pass the blame (wei, Wei) to the subordinates because I heard the facts of the case were wrong. I have never heard of this." He refused to accept it. Duke Wen's order. Wen Gong said: "You think you are guilty, so am I guilty?" Li Li said: "There are laws and regulations for judges to judge cases. If you make a wrong sentence, you will be punished personally, and if you kill someone wrongly, you will die. Because I can listen to the subtle details of things. , I was allowed to be a judge when deciding difficult cases. Now I have mistakenly investigated the case and killed someone in vain, so I should be sentenced to death." So he refused to accept Jin Wengong's pardon and committed suicide with his sword.