On the Unified Field
Wang Dashui
Abstract:
Today in the 21st century with the rapid development and rapid progress of modern science and technology, the two Physics questions still plague the tech world. One is the seemingly simple problem of releasing heat by burning carbon. The second is the seemingly complicated “unified field” issue. Since modern technology and theory are incapable of solving both the simple and traditional problems, it is not only wise but also imperative to develop new thinking and explore new methods. The essence of this paper is that firstly, matter has the duality of "matter and magnetism"; secondly, the essence of electric charge is magnetic charge; the essence of magnetic charge is the unidirectional spiral progressive characteristic of magnetic field line energy body - magnetic quantum. The third is that the "unified field" is unified in the "magnetic field". "Newton's first law" and "Einstein's theory of relativity" are not the product of experiments, but the results of abstract thinking and conclusions derived from theory. Although "On Unified Field" is based on modern physical theory and technology, it is still not the direct product of experiments, but the result of abstract thinking and the conclusion of theoretical derivation. Perhaps, it will be another turning point, an initiative, a revolution, and a historic civilizational leap for mankind to understand, reveal, and grasp nature.
Keywords: magnetic field, energy, unified field
The "unified field" is a world problem that has puzzled modern physics for more than half a century. Today, the author starts from a new perspective, using a systems engineering way of thinking, starting from the basic characteristics of "objects" and "magnetism" to demonstrate. "On the Unified Field (Hypothesis)" is now published on the Internet to express my personal views.
As stated in the "Tao Te Ching": "Tao gives birth to one, one gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, and three gives birth to all things." The objective world is the objective world, which is both very complex and very simple, and it does not depend on people's will and level of understanding, and it has nothing to do with whether people use mathematics, physics, or other methods to describe it.
The essence of this paper is that firstly, matter has the duality of "matter and magnetism"; secondly, the essence of electric charge is magnetic charge; the essence of magnetic charge is the energy body of magnetic field lines - the unidirectional spiral of magnetic quantum Progressive features. The third is that the "unified field" is unified in the "magnetic field".
"Newton's first law" and "Einstein's theory of relativity" are not the product of experiments, but the results of abstract thinking and conclusions derived from theory.
Although "On Unified Field (Hypothesis)" is based on modern physical theory and technology, it is still not a direct product of experiments, but the result of abstract thinking and a conclusion derived from theory. Perhaps, it will be another turning point, an initiative, a revolution, and a historic civilizational leap for mankind to understand, reveal, and grasp nature.
Chapter 1. The "matter and magnetism" duality of particles
The unified field is a difficult problem that has puzzled modern physics for many years. If we change our thinking and start from the unified point of view of the duality of energy properties and material properties of particles, this may be the breakthrough to solve this problem.
1. Objects and Magnetism
First of all, the mass-energy theorem in modern physics holds that changes in mass of matter will inevitably lead to changes in energy. It can be seen that the mass-energy theorem has clearly told people that matter and energy are not only closely related to each other, but also a unity. One example is that the atomic weight of chlorine [Cl] is 34.96885, but it is less than the combined mass of the 17 protons and 18 neutrons that make up the chlorine [Cl] atom.
That is: 17*1.007+18*1.008=35.263 (theoretical atomic weight of chlorine)
35.263-34.96885=0.29415 (the actual atomic weight of chlorine)
However , what is the real reason for quality gain or loss? Is it just to obtain the so-called low energy state and make it more stable? In addition, in what form and where is the quality of the loss transferred?
Secondly, the process of nuclear fusion and nuclear fission must involve the gain, loss or recombination of nuclei, accompanied by the instantaneous release of huge photothermal energy. However, what is the real cause of nuclear gains and losses? Before the nuclear reaction, in what form was the huge photothermal energy stored inside the original particles?
Thirdly, for any power system, the number of electrons at one end of the output power supply and the number of electrons returned to the other end of the power supply after passing through the external circuit and each electrical appliance are constant. However, in external circuits, especially in various electrical appliances, a large amount of electrical energy is released to the outside world in the form of light and heat. Therefore, in what form is this photothermal energy stored in electronics and power sources?
Fourth, coal combustion is the most popular energy method used by mankind for a long time. Before and after the chemical reaction of carbon and oxygen, the total number of atoms remains unchanged, and the reaction proceeds due to the gain and loss of electrons. The result of this reaction is the production of carbon dioxide along with the release of large amounts of light and heat energy.
However, how is this large amount of photothermal energy stored in the carbon and oxygen atoms before the reaction?
Obviously, regardless of chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, or electrical energy applications, there is a common mystery that needs to be solved - how exactly the energy of light quanta and thermal quanta is stored in particles. Where's the one on?
In terms of matter, matter is made up of particles. The particles are granular and have magnetic moments on them. This has long been proven in modern science and technology when using spectral analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance methods, or experimenting and studying various microscopic particles (electrons, protons, neutrons, mesons, subatoms, and neutrinos) in circular accelerators. Yes.
The magnetic field of an object is the representation or result of the vector composite superposition of all atomic magnetic moments, molecular magnetic moments, and crystal magnetic domains of the object. When it is not zero, it shows magnetism outwards, otherwise it does not show magnetism.
Obviously, the magnetic moment on microscopic particles is naturally the microscopic form of magnetic field.
Obviously, particles not only have the properties of objects, but also the properties of magnetic moments. The duality of "matter and magnetism" is an inseparable and important attribute of particles.
All particles at the microscopic level have magnetic moments; at the macroscopic level, planets, interplanetaries, interstellar, intergalactic, neutron stars, pulsars, black holes, and even the entire universe have magnetic fields; modern physics, Biology and life sciences have confirmed that all living things also possess magnetic fields. Magnetic fields fill the universe, and everything has a magnetic field. Therefore, matter and magnetism are the most basic properties in the universe.
2. Magnetism and Electricity
Modern physics reveals the laws of electromagnetism: Electric current is the directional movement of electrons. At the same time, while the electron current shows electrical properties to the outside world, it also shows magnetic properties. However, although the electrons rotating around the nucleus do not show electrical properties to the outside world, their revolution and spin around the nucleus are certain and uninterrupted. Modern science and technology have made it clear that the movement of electrons inside an atom also has a magnetic moment; when an electron close to the nucleus moves around the nucleus, it is equivalent to forming a ring current of approximately 38 amperes. The magnetic moment of this ring current is called a Bohr magneton. Obviously, regardless of whether the moving electrons display electrical properties externally or not, the electrons themselves already have the same electrical and magnetic properties. The electrical and magnetic properties of electrons are internal causes and their essence, while whether they show electrical and magnetic properties to the outside is external causes and phenomena.
Concerning charge, physics believes that electrons are negatively charged and atomic nuclei are positively charged. Although the positive and negative charges are opposite, equal in quantity, both positive and negative charges are actually the form of energy on particles (electrons, atomic nuclei). Furthermore, since electricity and magnetism are inherent properties of particles, if there is magnetism, there will be electricity, and if there is electricity, there will be magnetism. Therefore, electricity and magnetism are two aspects of the energy form on particles. Therefore, there are electric charges and magnetic charges, which is revealed by modern physics.
The electron both spins and revolves around the nucleus. It has a magnetic moment, and the magnetic moment is perpendicular to the direction of rotation. When electrons move in a direction and show the negative charge energy of electrons and the positive charge energy characteristics of the atomic nucleus to the outside world, a magnetic field is induced at the same time. The directional movement of electrons is achieved in a magnetic field. Generators generate electricity and motors produce electricity, both under the premise of a magnetic field. Obviously, magnetism generates electricity and electricity generates magnetism. As the electron moves, the magnetic moment on the electron moves with it. At the same time, electricity has positive and negative, and magnetism has north and south.
The magnetic field realizes the effect of "like poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other" through magnetic lines of force and their directionality. This is the most basic characteristic of a magnetic field. Although charges also have the characteristics of "like poles repel and opposite poles attract", negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei are microscopic carriers that possess magnetic moment energy at all times, and must follow the "same poles" "Polar poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other". Therefore, the "like poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other" characteristics between positive and negative charges are actually the specific embodiment of the "like poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other" characteristics of the magnetic moment energy on the charges. As a result, people have long mistakenly believed that this characteristic is the result of the charge between positive and negative charges.
On the other hand, although electric charges have the energy-releasing phenomenon of emitting light and generating heat, magnetic storms also have the energy-releasing phenomenon of emitting light and generating heat, even with a larger magnitude.
To sum up, the charge energy is the energy of the magnetic charge (magnetic field, magnetic domain, magnetic moment). The charge is actually the magnetic charge, the electron is the carrier, and the magnetic moment is the energy. This is consistent with the view of the electromagnetic "self-consistent" mechanism proposed by modern physics. That is to say, electricity is magnetism, magnetism is electricity, and it is itself, which is of course "self-consistent".
When two magnets meet, their "like poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other" effect is achieved through magnetic lines of force. In the process of mutual attraction, there are reorganization and sharing characteristics of magnetic lines of force. During the separation process after mutual attraction, there is a characteristic that the magnetic lines of force are broken and each returns to its own master. It can be seen that the most basic characteristic of magnetic moment energy is the characteristic of magnetic field lines. Electricity and magnetism are unified in the energy of magnetic field lines.
Electromagnetic waves are a specific manifestation of the energy characteristics of magnetic field lines. Electromagnetic waves are both electrical waves and magnetic waves. Its transmission in the magnetic field space is manifested as magnetic waves, which are the vibrations of the magnetic vibration source to the magnetic medium and the transmission in it.
In the circuit, it manifests as radio waves, which are current electrons in the electromagnetic oscillation circuit. Due to the vibration of the space magnetic medium, the magnetic lines of force in the magnet bar vibrate, thereby driving the magnetic moment of the electron current in the coil coated in the magnet bar. It vibrates first, and manifests itself as the passive regular vibration of the electronic current, which is then considered to be the reception of various types of radio waves from space. It can be seen that radio waves are essentially magnetic waves and are the specific transmission forms of magnetic waves in different magnetic media.
The storage of electrical energy is the increase in the magnetic moment energy on the electrons and the increase in the energy of the magnetic moment and magnetic field lines. There are two most common main forms:
The first is energy storage in batteries, which manifests as the confrontation of positive and negative charges and the accumulation of antagonistic energy. Although the total number of electrons inside the battery remains unchanged before and after charging, the charging process is actually a process of incorporating the battery into a circuit loop (electromagnetic field loop). Therefore, under the influence of the magnetic field line energy of a more powerful magnetic field, the electrolyte ions in the battery will inevitably move and accumulate in the direction of this magnetic field line, and increase the magnetic moment energy (magnetization). Then, it gradually approaches and remains consistent with the energy intensity of the magnetic field lines in the electromagnetic field loop. This causes a certain number of electrons to accumulate in the negative electrode area of ??the battery, forming electromagnetic field energy. When the external magnetic field energy is canceled in an instant, the part of the magnetic moment energy increased by the ions in the battery and the accumulation state in the negative electrode area of ??the battery are retained, so that the battery becomes a storage body and carrier with a certain amount of electrical energy.
The second is the electrical energy produced in the generator, although it is in the form of current energy generated by the movement of the conductor due to cutting magnetic field lines, and the total number of output and input electrons is always constant. Investigating its essential reasons, first, the movement process of a conductor cutting magnetic lines of force is equivalent to an alternating magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet, which adds part of the magnetic moment energy to all electrons on the conductor and accelerates the rotation speed, which is referred to as " Magnetize" or "magnetize". Second, the magnetic field affects the electrons on the conductor that are cutting the magnetic field lines. On the one hand, it uses the mechanism of "like poles repel" to cause some electrons to move in a direction and generate electric current; on the other hand, it uses the mechanism of "opposites attract each other". The mechanism of action is to attract some electrons in the conductor, thereby creating a huge resistance in the generator. The mechanical power added by the generator is used to overcome this resistance, thereby causing the electrons that are attracted to the magnetic field to separate from the magnetic field. This separation process is extremely rapid, thus forcing some of the magnetic moments on these electrons to The magnetic field lines fragment, thereby dissipating energy in the form of heat in the generator.
It can be seen that in a generator, mechanical energy is not directly converted into electrical energy, but the magnetic energy on the permanent magnet is converted into an increase in magnetic moment energy on the electrons, which is then expressed as electrical energy as defined by people. Mechanical energy only plays the role of overcoming electromagnetic resistance in the process of generating electricity. At the same time, the electrical energy caused by power generation is not the energy generated by the directional movement of electrons. The directional movement is only a superficial phenomenon, and the increase in the magnetic moment energy of the electrons is fundamental. Just like bottled beer, you can pour delicious beer drinks from the bottle. Otherwise, even if the empty bottle is transported a long distance, even at high speed, not a drop of beer will be poured out.
Magnetic moment is both matter and energy. Otherwise, how can the electrical appliances in the circuit emit light and heat based solely on the directional movement of electrons? If light and heat are produced by collisions between particles, then what will be lost in the collision to produce light and heat? Mere loss of so-called kinetic energy or velocity is not enough to emit light and heat material flow. Because velocity kinetic energy is not the material itself, but only a form of motion of the material. If the electron is only accelerated in the generator without increasing the magnetic moment, and the light and heat energy (matter) it emits is only caused by the decomposition of its own material part or the magnetic moment energy part, then the state of motion in this way The electrons will eventually be dissipated. Obviously inconsistent with the facts. Therefore, the generator must not only accelerate but also magnetize the electrons on the conductor that are moving to cut the magnetic lines of force.
It can be seen that, first, the so-called "Lorentz force" experienced by moving charges (electrons) in the magnetic field is the "like poles repel and opposite poles attract" effect between the magnetic field and the electron's magnetic moment. force. The second is "Faraday electromagnetic induction" (especially electromagnetic induction in transformers), which is actually the "like-pole repulsion and opposite-pole attraction" effect between the magnetic field and the electron's magnetic moment, as well as the magnetic field line energy of the magnetic field that affects the electron's magnetism. Forced injection or supplementation of moment magnetic field line energy. Of course, the specific interaction process of "Lorentz force" and "Faraday electromagnetic induction" needs further in-depth study and description (see Appendix 1).
Since permanent magnets are used as donors of magnetic energy in generators, why are their magnetism permanent? In one case, since it can magnetize a second person, and it has a special material and crystal structure, a third party can naturally magnetize it (even automatically). This third party is no one else, but the vast and densely woven powerful magnetic field system of the earth. That is to say, while the permanent magnet in the generator magnetizes the electrons in the conductor, the earth's magnetic field continues to magnetize the permanent magnet. Therefore, the permanent magnet's magnetism is permanent. Today, clearly recognizing this point and having the courage to recognize this point have epoch-making practical significance for the civilization and progress of the entire human race.
Obviously, due to the basic characteristics of magnetic field line energy in electricity and magnetism, the work process of electrical energy is the partial release of the magnetic moment energy on the directional movement of electrons in a closed circuit. There are no more than two types of methods of doing work.
One type directly uses the mechanism of "like poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other" to induce the rotation of the motor's rotor, accompanied by the demagnetization effect of partial fragmentation of individual electron magnetic moment lines in the motor, and the heat generated by the motor. form and spread. The other type is demagnetization work, which is the intuitive phenomenon of partial magnetic field lines of electron flow fragmenting on various electrical appliances in the circuit, accompanied by light and heat.
It can be seen that the increase and decrease process of the electron's magnetic moment energy can be in the form of directly increasing or decreasing the magnetic field lines above it, or it can also be in the form of gathering or dispersing light quanta and heat quanta. In any case, the increase or decrease of the electron's magnetic moment energy is actually the concentration or dispersion of the energy of light quanta and thermal quanta on the electron's magnetic moment.
Further, due to the "mass-energy theorem" and the convergence and dispersion laws of photo-caloric quantons, light quanta and caloric quanta not only have energy, but also have mass, although the size is extremely small; at the same time, light quanta and caloric quanta It is a more microscopic component of the magnetic moment and field lines on particles.
3. The unity of matter and magnetism
As we all know, the magnetic field is an energy field and can do work. When two magnetic fields are close to each other, the magnetic fields have the characteristics of "like poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other". It can be seen that the tangible granular state of the particle is the material part of the particle, and the diffuse diffuse state of the particle is the energy part of the particle.
Therefore, the material part on the particle must condense matter, and the energy part must condense energy. When the energy condensed part of the particles loses balance, it will inevitably be accompanied by gains and losses of energy. Furthermore, the gains and losses of energy must have their specific manifestations or products.
To sum up, regardless of chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, electrical energy systems, electromagnetic induction, etc., the energy released or transferred is essentially part of the magnetic field line energy on the magnetic moment of the particles. Before the reaction, or before the process, light and heat are concentrated and stored on the particles in the form of magnetic lines.
So, the magnetic moments (magnetic field lines) on the particles store light and heat energy. In other words, light energy and heat energy can be condensed into magnetic lines of force or magnetic moments on particles.
So, the electric energy on a closed circuit is converted by the instantaneous fragmentation and decomposition of some magnetic moment magnetic field lines on the directionally moving electrons on the external circuit. Although the total number of output and input electrons is always constant, At the same time, it releases light and heat energy to the outside world.
So, it is actually the electrons that are supplemented by the energy of the magnetic moment lines inside the power supply, which is a process of magnetization. When electrons are outside the power supply, the energy of the magnetic moment and field lines is lost (converted), which is the process of magnetization.
Due to the physical and magnetic duality of particles and the mass-energy theorem, the reason why the atomic weight of "chlorine" is smaller than the sum of the masses of all the protons and neutrons that make up it is that neutrons, Protons and electrons lose part of their magnetic moment magnetic field line energy and develop in a low-energy and stable direction, thus becoming the real essential cause of "chlorine" atoms. There will then be a gain or loss in quality. The lost energy, that is, the binding energy, is released to the outside world in the form of energy fragments in the form of light and heat.
The essence of low-energy stability is actually that the magnetic moment heteropolar attraction between atoms at this time is greater than that of particles at higher energies, and is the driving force for them to combine into new atoms or molecules. source, accompanied by the release of excess outer magnetic moment magnetic field line energy.
So, the mass and energy of particles can be converted. That is: mass can be converted into magnetic moment, and magnetic moment can be converted into mass. In other words, mass can be converted into energy, and energy can be converted into mass.
So, mass is the condensation of energy, and energy is the emission of mass. That is to say: what gathers is matter, and what disperses is Qi (energy).
So, the essence of a chemical reaction involving the gain and loss of electrons is the release of part of the magnetic moment magnetic field line energy on the electrons, thereby making the chemical reaction proceed in a low-energy and stable direction. The energy released in this part is transferred to the outside world in the form of light and heat.
So, the essence of a nuclear reaction involving nucleon gains and losses and decay is the release of the energy of the magnetic moment magnetic field lines on the nucleons, causing the reaction to proceed in a low-energy and stable direction. The release of this large amount of energy is transferred to the outside world in the form of instantaneous production of huge light and heat.
Because chemical reactions involving the gain and loss of electrons release far less heat than nuclear reactions involving the gain and loss of nucleons. Therefore, the magnetic moment (energy) on a particle is proportional to the mass of the particle.
So, the mass of a particle is composed of two parts: matter and magnetism. In other words, the total mass of a particle is the sum of the mass of the physical part of the particle and the mass of the radiated magnetic moment part.
In short, the matter and magnetism of particles are unified in magnetic lines of force.
To sum up, the matter and magnetism of particles have six basic characteristics:
First, matter and magnetism are inseparable dual properties of particles; matter has mass, and magnetic moment has mass. Magnetism has energy, and matter also has energy;
Secondly, the total mass of a particle is the sum of the mass of the material part with form and the mass of the emitted magnetic moment, each accounting for half;
< p>Third, matter and magnetic moment can transform into each other. Matter is the condensation of energy, and energy is the emission of matter. Matter is energy, and energy is matter;The fourth is the magnetic moment on the particle is proportional to the mass of the particle;
The fifth is the material condensed part of the particle, which is the magnetic moment energy on it of cores and boosters.
The radiating magnetic moment is the cohesion and wrapper of the condensed part of particle matter;
Sixth, light quanta and caloric quanta not only have energy, but also have mass, and can gather and disperse on the magnetic moment of particles. It is a more microscopic component of magnetic field line energy.
Although particle matter and magnetism are microscopic properties of matter. However, in the process of people's understanding of the microscopic world, especially in the process of capturing and grasping magnetic field lines, as well as in the process of capturing and grasping neutrinos or smaller particles, and even in selecting reasonable and reliable reference objects, there are many problems. The current technology is quite difficult. Therefore, Mr. Alvin, the scientist who discovered Alfven waves and won the 1970 Jobel Prize in Physics, summed it up with a famous saying: "Plasma does not like equations." Although "plasma does not like equations", the universal laws of plasma can be gradually understood, and human beings' knowledge and understanding of the objective world is constantly progressing, developing and improving. It can be seen that outside of equations, on the basis of scientific experiments and scientific and technological observations, ideal and relatively complete advanced theories can be ahead of practice. "The Theory of Relativity" is the best example.
4. Magnetic field line characteristics
As for magnetism, since the duality of matter and magnetism is the basic property of particles, both magnetic field and magnetic moment are the existence forms of matter on the other hand. . Magnetic field and magnetic moment are energy distribution spaces formed by countless magnetic field lines with an object or particle as the center. Magnetic field lines exit from one end of an object or particle and enter from the other end. That is, magnetic field lines are output from the north pole of the particle and input from the south pole of the particle. Inside the particle, magnetic field lines flow from the particle's south pole to its north pole.
When two particles or two objects are attracted by magnetic opposite poles and become one, their magnetic lines of force are reorganized, superimposed and shared. When two particles or objects that attract each other are separated by an external force, the originally overlapping magnetic field lines are separated and each returns to its own owner. The separation is only the breakage and combination of magnetic field lines, but there is no disintegration of magnetic field lines. This is familiar to everyone.
In macroscopic galaxies, humans have clearly known that magnetic lines of force are Archimedean spirals; in the microscopic particle field, electrons advance in a spiral motion in the magnetic field (can be judged by the right-hand spiral rule ); In an energized transformer, an eddy current magnetic field is generated in the magnetic core. Both the microscopic particle world and the macrocosmic world have magnetic energy characteristics. Therefore, whether in the macroscopic or microscopic world, magnetic field lines are spiral lines.
The magnetic field lines are spirals, which are vector progressive unidirectional spirals (assumed to be right-handed for the time being). Relatively speaking, the magnetic field lines present a larger spiral with a larger radius and a larger gradient on the cross section; a smaller spiral with a smaller radius and a smaller gradient on the longitudinal section. The double helix form with two vertical and horizontal sections forms a compound helix, and its helix is ??similar to the shape of a single helix gene.
When two magnets meet, it means that the magnetic lines of force on the two magnets meet in the same direction or in opposite directions.
First, when the magnetic lines of force of two magnets meet in the same longitudinal direction (different poles are close), the two magnets attract each other with magnetic lines of "same rotation and same progression" and opposite poles, and have magnetic lines of force with each other. Merge the first and last and share the results. Magnetic lines of force attract each other, so two magnets attract each other. When two magnetic lines of force meet in opposite transverse directions (different poles are close to each other), they start and end with the magnetic lines of force, seeking a dynamic balance in which opposite poles attract each other with "the same direction of rotation and the same progression". Furthermore, the magnetic lines are reconnected to form a unique large circuit.
The second is that when two magnetic lines of force meet in opposite longitudinal directions (similar poles are close), since the magnetic spiral lines have "opposite directions of rotation and opposite progression", they collide with each other and seek "similar poles" Repulsive" dynamic balance. When two magnetic field lines meet in the same direction in the transverse direction (similar poles are close), although the heads and tails of each other's magnetic helices are opposite, from the perspective of the same circular closure of each other's magnetic field lines, the two are different from each other. The magnetic spirals still collide with each other with "opposite rotation and opposite progression", and can only find a dynamic balance of "like poles repel each other".
Obviously, due to the inherent two mechanisms of attraction between magnetic lines of force, "the same spin direction and the same progression" and the "opposite spin direction and opposite progression" that repel each other. Therefore, when two magnets meet, there is an external universal law of "like poles repel and opposite poles attract".
The external magnetic field lines on the particle are spherical and divergent, which is a demagnetization process in which the airspace increases and the energy decreases - spiral amplification; the magnetic field lines inside the particle are a process in which the airspace shrinks, but the energy increases incrementally. Magnetic process - spiral compression, which is a twist-like polymerization state, thereby increasing the magnetic pressure.
Magnetic field lines are the aggregation of a large number of light quanta and heat quanta. A magnetic storm is the instantaneous fragmentation of magnetic field lines. The more magnetic field lines that instantly fragment, the stronger the magnetic storm will be, and the more "light and heat" energy will be released. On the contrary, the weaker the magnetic storm, the less "light and heat" energy released. Sunspots are a special localized dense distribution of magnetic fields on the sun. Therefore, when a magnetic storm occurs, it will inevitably lead to an instantaneous release of solar radiation energy and particle flow, which will then form a solar wind and affect the warming and dramatic changes in the earth's climate.
In short, the energy release phenomenon of chemical reactions is a small magnetic storm, the nuclear reaction is a medium-sized magnetic storm, and the energy release phenomenon of the sun is a large magnetic storm. The collapse of a star is a giant magnetic storm.
Chapter 2 The source of universal gravitation
——The heteropolar attraction force of the planet's magnetic field
Universal gravitation means that "any two particles are mutually The magnitude of the attractive, gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.” Obviously, the source of power that produces the gravitational effect is closely related to the mass of the object. So, what are the essential principles of energy characteristics of an object’s mass that produce gravity?
No matter what substances, whether macroscopic or microscopic objects, they not only have the important component of "matter", but also have the important component of "magnetism". And it is precisely magnetism that magnetic fields, magnetic domains, and magnetic moments have the universal law of "like poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other." Therefore, while universal gravitation is related to the mass of the object, we can no longer ignore its possible characteristics, or fundamental characteristics, which should be related to the magnetic energy of the object itself. Especially today, it is clearly known that the universe is full of magnetic fields, and magnetism is the fundamental attribute of all things.
In the galaxy, planets revolve around stars. Obviously, planets have a moving speed. All objects must have centripetal force to make curved motion. So, what energy does the centripetal force of gravity required for a planet to rotate around a star come from?
Universal gravitation is a pair of action and reaction forces. There are still inconsistencies between the "law of universal gravitation" and "Newton's third law" (the law of action and reaction).
That is, the "law of universal gravitation" reveals that the attraction between two matter points is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their masses, but it does not reveal the specific mode of action. , that is to say, it is a non-contact mode of action. However, the "Niu's Three Laws" reveal that between two interacting objects, the action force and reaction force are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, which is an interaction law with contact characteristics.
Obviously, the "law of universal gravitation" and the "three laws of cattle" are not consistent. The "Three Laws of Niu" can be directly proven, repeated, and applied.
Therefore, the "contactless mode of action" of the "law of universal gravitation" is somewhat far-fetched. Is it idealism? Physics does not allow idealism!
Therefore, the "law of universal gravitation" must also be a contact mode of action. The essential mechanism of this contact mode of action needs to be completed by the "unified field".
In the vast universe, all planets are composed of atoms and molecules. Therefore, the composition of the planet should naturally contain existing physical components as well as magnetic components. Moreover, objects are carriers of magnetism, and magnetism is the external energy form of objects.
Modern astrophysics has discovered and confirmed through satellites and space probes that there is a wedge-shaped funnel at the top of the earth's magnetosphere, called the polar tip area. Solar wind plasma can leak directly into the Earth's magnetosphere along magnetic field lines from this pointed polar region (and settle in the upper atmosphere). The subsidence area has a geomagnetic latitude of 78 degrees and a longitude width of 8 hours. There is a polar cusp area at each of the north and south poles on the sunward side of the Earth. Since magnetic field lines in space are densely distributed, it is theoretically believed that the magnetic field intensity in the funnel in the pole tip area is zero (no earth magnetic field lines). However, how can a so-called funnel airspace in the extreme tip area with zero magnetic field strength squeeze out the energy of the surrounding magnetic field lines and preserve a so-called funnel airspace in the extreme tip area with zero magnetic field intensity?
It can be seen that the magnetic field intensity in the funnel airspace in the so-called extreme tip area is not only not zero, but also exactly balanced with the magnetic field intensity around the edge of the funnel. In addition, modern astrophysics also believes that space magnetic field lines have magnetic field reconnection characteristics at the top of the earth's magnetosphere. At the same time, this funnel of the Earth's magnetosphere, which is located at 78 degrees of geomagnetic latitude, may basically coincide with the eccentricity angle (11 degrees) between the geomagnetic axis and the Earth's rotation axis when it leaks into the surface.
Therefore, since magnetic fields fill the entire universe, there are interplanetary magnetic fields, interstellar magnetic fields, and intergalactic magnetic fields. Therefore, in the magnetic field line loop in the solar system, after the solar magnetic field lines are emitted from the north pole of the sun, they first funnel through the earth's south pole circle toward the top of the magnetosphere above the sun, enter the earth's south magnetic pole, and then pass through the earth's center. , ejects from the Earth's North Magnetic Pole, and then funnels out from the Earth's Arctic Circle toward the top of the magnetosphere above the sun. The second is that after the solar magnetic field lines pass through the earth, they return to the south magnetic pole of the sun through magnetic field reconnection at the outer edge of the earth's magnetopause, pass through the interior of the sun, and then exit from the north magnetic pole of the sun and re-enter the earth after passing through space. South magnetic pole. This then forms a complete interstellar ring magnetic circuit between the sun and the earth. It can be seen that the directions of the north and south magnetic poles of the sun and the earth are exactly opposite in spatial distribution.
What needs special explanation is that due to the objective conditions of the sun-earth interstellar ring magnetic loop, first, the sun's north-south magnetic axis is always parallel to the earth's north-south magnetic axis, and the earth's equatorial plane is accordingly Parallel to the equatorial plane of the Sun. Second, the Earth's orbital plane forms an angle of 23 degrees and 33 minutes with the Sun's equatorial plane. This angle means that the Earth does not orbit the Sun horizontally, but rather at an angle.
It also means that under the premise that the earth's axis remains always parallel to the sun's daily axis, in the process of orbiting the sun, it happens to be moving up and down with an inclination toward the heliocentre (an inclination angle of 23 degrees and 33 minutes). This results in the smooth seasonal changes on the earth and the opposite characteristics of the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres.
Obviously, because the planet has a magnetic field, the magnetic field is energy, and the magnetic fields have the properties of "like poles repel and opposite poles attract", interstellar magnetic fields