The law of the historical development of human society "Communism" as a theory is a theory that has been proven to be correct through practical testing, and has been enriched and developed with the development of practice; as a theory A social system, as a movement, it conforms to the laws and trends of the historical development of human society. First, as a theory, it is scientific and has withstood the test of social and historical development practice. The basic views and conclusions of the communist theory founded by Marx are based on the scientific analysis and exploration of the development laws of objective things. They are objective truths derived from practice and tested by practice. Therefore, they are based on Scientific socialism, that is, communist theory, based on historical materialism and the theory of surplus value, has achieved a leap from utopia to science. The beautiful society predicted by this theory is no longer the product of human reason, nor the so-called eternal truth and justice requirements, but the inevitable trend of the development of human society and the inevitable result of the development of the basic contradictions of capitalist society. To realize this kind of beautiful society, we must rely on the struggle of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie, carry out social revolution, replace the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie with the dictatorship of the proletariat, and establish a new social system. Although capitalism has undergone its own adjustment and development over the past 150 years, many unexpected changes have occurred, and some socialist countries have also experienced temporary restoration of capitalism. However, this has not and cannot reverse the changes revealed by Marx. the general development trend of the entire human society. Although some specific conclusions in the communist theoretical system are not suitable for different times, countries and other specific conditions, its basic theories, positions, viewpoints and methods have withstood the test of time and are enduring. decline. The Marxist theory of communism has continuously opened up the way to understand the truth in the practice of proletarian revolution. When capitalism developed into monopoly imperialism, the Russian Bolshevik Party headed by Lenin combined with the international situation of the new era, combined with Russia's national conditions and the specific realities of revolution and construction, and used Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods to creatively solve the problem. The problem of the socialist revolution breaking through the weak links in the international capitalist chain and taking the lead in victory in one country; exploring the problem of how to establish and develop the socialist system surrounded by international capitalism and in the vast ocean of domestic small production , thus writing a new chapter in the history of the development of communist theory - Leninism. The Chinese Communists, represented by Mao Zedong, creatively applied Marxism to China. In a semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, they embarked on a new democratic revolutionary path with Chinese characteristics and established a new socialist China. Later, the exploration of the path of socialist construction began. It was not until the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party that the Chinese Communists, represented by Deng Xiaoping, explored a path of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics. All this shows that communist theory will develop with the development of the times and continue to radiate youthful vitality. Second, as a movement, the communist movement promotes the development of world history. More than 150 years ago, when the "Communist Manifesto" was published, there was only one "Communist League" with more than 400 members in the world. Today, there are still more than 100 communist alliances in more than 100 countries around the world. Several proletarian parties are active. Some proletarian parties are in charge of national power and leading the country's proletariat and working people in socialist construction. Some are exploring the path to establishing a new socialist system. All this shows that *** Communism is a huge force active on the political stage around the world. It is the leading force that guides the proletariat and working people to bury the old society and build a new society. It is precisely because of the emergence of the communist movement that the world has History keeps moving forward. To make a revolution, there must be a revolutionary party armed with Marxism, through which the proletarians can be organized to ensure that the communist movement develops in the right direction. The emergence of the Communist Party has become a leading force in promoting social progress. In June 1847, Marx and Engels established the world's first proletarian party, the Communist League. The "Communist Manifesto" drafted by Ma and En became the first programmatic document of the international communist movement and a model for the program of communist parties around the world. In September 1864, Ma and En founded the international workers' organization, the First International, to lead and support the revolutionary struggles of workers in various European countries. The most outstanding achievement during this period was the first great attempt at the proletarian dictatorship of the Paris Commune. At the same time, it also criticized various socialist trends of thought, further strengthened its ties with the workers' movements in various countries, and created conditions for the establishment of independent proletarian parties in the future. In August 1869, the world's first nation-state proletarian party, the German Social Democratic Labor Party, was founded, setting an example for proletarian struggles in various countries. A series of nation-state proletarian parties began to be gradually established, marking the international revolution. The communist movement has developed into a new stage, which shows that the workers' movements in various countries have got rid of the conspiratorial, narrow sectarian organizations of the past and formed mass parties with leadership, organization and discipline, and through the use of Marxist theory, Formulate theoretical programs and struggle strategies suitable for the country's national conditions and become the core leadership of the country's workers in their revolutionary struggle.

With the development of the international workers' movement, the desire among parties and working classes in various countries to strengthen international unity and fight against the bourgeoisie has become stronger and stronger. On July 14, 1889, the Second International came into being. In 1903, a new type of proletarian party, the Bolshevik Party, was established, and Leninism, which inherited and developed Marxism, was born. This was of extremely important significance in the history of the international communist movement. In March 1919, the First Congress of the Communist International (Third International) was held in Moscow, which showed that Marxism was spreading more widely around the world, giving the international proletariat a center of unity and a The headquarters leading the revolutionary battles. In this way, the international communist movement has truly become a world-scale movement on all continents of the world. During the Second World War, Communists all over the world always stood at the forefront of the anti-fascist struggle, leading the proletariat and the broad masses of the people in various countries to fight against fascism, save human civilization, support national independence, and promote world non-fascism. Colonization, opposing hegemonism, and safeguarding world justice and peace. It shows that people armed with communist theory are the defenders of human civilization and the backbone of human progress. Third, as an institution, it shows the direction of human history. On November 6, 1957, Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union to Celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the October Revolution" revealed socialism from the human miracles created by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Soviet people in world history. development trend. He said: "The people of all countries in the world see their future more and more clearly from the achievements of the Soviet people. The path of the Soviet Union, the path of the October Revolution, is fundamentally the key to the development of all mankind. The broad masses of people all over the world celebrate the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution with enthusiasm, because the history of these forty years has convinced them that the proletariat will definitely be able to defeat the bourgeoisie, and socialism will definitely be able to defeat capitalism. The oppressive nations will certainly be able to defeat imperialism. Of course, there are still difficulties and twists and turns ahead of the people. However, Lenin said well thirty-six years ago, 'The important thing is that the ice has been broken, the route has been opened, and the road has been pointed out.' "(Collected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 7, Page 314) In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Eastern Europe experienced drastic changes and the Soviet Union collapsed. The international socialist movement suffered huge setbacks. Based on this, some people asserted that socialism and Communist Party Socialism has been defeated without a fight, and the socialist system that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century will end with the end of the 20th century. However, historical facts tell us once again that socialism not only has not ended, but has begun to develop in a healthy direction. In particular, China, a large country in the East, has opened up a broad road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the socialist system has taken on a new dimension. Vitality and vitality. The reason why the socialist system can survive and develop amid the siege of capitalism and withstand the tremendous pressure brought about by the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and still maintain strong vitality, is because it has the objective inevitability and inherent rationality of its own existence and development. Sex, as a substitute for capitalism, is the inevitable result of the development of the capitalist production process and basic contradictions. Capitalism cannot escape its dying fate. The contradiction between the social nature of production and the capitalist private ownership of the means of production runs through the entire historical process of capitalism, despite the emergence of changes in the economic, political, cultural and social life of capitalist countries after the Second World War. A series of new changes, the rapid rise of new technologies, adjustments to industrial structures, and sustained development of productivity have brought prosperity and strength to contemporary capitalist powers. As a result, contemporary capitalist political rule is stable at the current stage and its strength has increased, but it is unable to solve its own basic contradictions and its historical destiny of gradual decline. Because capitalism faces two fundamental contradictions that cannot be resolved: The first contradiction is the contradiction between the socialization of production and capitalist private ownership, which is a fatal problem that will lead to the inevitable demise of capitalism. The second contradiction is the increasingly sharp contradiction between the unlimited development of production by capitalists in pursuit of profits and the limited nature of domestic and earth resources, which will eventually lead to the demise of capitalism. It has become a historical necessity and requirement for mankind to maintain the conditions for survival and development. Although the basic contradiction between the socialization of production and capitalist private appropriation is an irresolvable contradiction in capitalist society itself, and can only be solved by replacing capitalism with socialism, we cannot help but see that due to various factors The development of the basic contradictions of capitalist society shows an alternating trend of relaxation and intensity, and it is impossible for an increasingly sharp phenomenon to appear. The development of modern capitalism shows such a regular development process. . Capitalism will also go through a long development process, which is the long-term nature of the existence and development of capitalism. How long this process will take depends on whether all the productive forces that can be accommodated by capitalist production relations have been developed. As long as all the productive forces that can be accommodated have not been developed, capitalism will still exist and develop and will not perish. Regarding this point, Marx once pointed out: "No matter which social form, it will never perish before all the productive forces it can accommodate are developed; and the new and higher production relations will not be destroyed until its material existence conditions are in the old It will never appear before it matures and forms in the womb of society.

"("Selected Works of Marx and Engels" Volume 2, Page 33) This is based on the general laws of social development, and of course capitalist society is no exception. But the inevitable demise of capitalism is inevitable, and its replacement can only be Socialism - communism, socialism is "liberating productive forces, developing productive forces, eliminating exploitation, eliminating polarization, and ultimately achieving common prosperity." This is the aspiration of the people, the trend of the times, and the only way for mankind to escape from predicament. A way out. In short, communism is not only a doctrine, but also a system. It reveals the objective laws of the development of human society and reflects the fundamental interests and requirements of the proletariat and the broad masses of the people. The unity of the Communist Party of China is the most ideal, beautiful and scientific social system for mankind. The realization of communism has always been the highest program of the Communists. It is a flag raised publicly. The communist flag is the fundamental symbol that distinguishes the Communist Party from other political parties. The lofty communist ideal is the source of strength that unites the whole party. Whether we can always adhere to the communist ideal will determine whether the Communist Party of China can always adhere to it. The direction of the Communist Party's efforts and the success or failure of the Communist Party. As the ruling Communist Party, if it gives up its communist ideals, it will definitely go down the wrong path of destroying the party and the country. (2) The development of socialism is also a problem. What is the future and destiny of socialism in the twists and turns of the historical process? This is what many people in the world, especially in China, are concerned about. Due to different positions and opinions, people come to different conclusions. But the facts show that. Just as the development of anything is a curve, the development path of socialism is also a curve, advancing in twists and turns. First, in the history of human social development, every change in the social system has gone through twists and turns and repeated struggles. was consolidated, and the socialist system was no exception. Take the establishment of the capitalist system as an example. The British bourgeois revolution was an incomplete revolution. Despite this, there was a compromise between the bourgeoisie and the feudal class. It lasted half a century until the establishment of the bourgeois dictatorship in 1688. Unlike the British Revolution, the French Revolution was a relatively thorough revolution. However, the overthrown reactionary class did not give up and resisted desperately. Therefore, France The turmoil of the bourgeois revolution lasted longer. It took 86 years from the launch of the revolution in 1789 to the victory of the revolution in 1875. During this period, progress and reaction, peace and imperialism, revolutionary terror and counter-revolutionary terror, civil war and foreign affairs were intertwined. War. The replacement of feudalism by capitalism is nothing more than the replacement of one system of exploitation by another, while the replacement of capitalism by socialism is a profound revolution that completely eliminates all exploitation. It is inevitable to have twists and turns in the development of society. The occurrence of twists and turns in the process is a historical phenomenon, but the absence of twists and turns is inconsistent with the rules. Second, the particularity of the historical conditions for the emergence of socialism determines that its development path is bumpy. In developed capitalist countries, it happens in countries with relatively backward economy and culture. In this way, countries that have established a socialist system will be surrounded by capitalist countries with dominant economic strength for a long period of time. In the process, a situation of long-term coexistence and confrontation between the two systems was formed. Socialist countries are in such a special international environment and must be vigilant and opposed to imperialist interference, infiltration and subversion. If our socialist countries relax their vigilance against imperialism, the development of the socialist cause will be threatened. In this regard, Lenin reminded people long ago that we must not forget that we are surrounded by extremely hateful classes and governments as long as world imperialism exists. The dangers that constantly threaten us will not be eliminated. Lenin also believed that as long as there is opposition and struggle between capitalism and socialism, the outcome of the struggle will not be victory. That victory was either an elegy for the Soviet Union or the country, or an elegy for world capitalism. When this ending has not come. A series of sharp conflicts are inevitable, and the development of socialism may have twists and turns. Third, the theory of Marxism-Leninism provides a guide for the development of socialism, but whether we can be good at integrating the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with the specific practice of our country and find a path of socialist construction suitable for our country’s national conditions requires continuous research. Exploration, twists and turns in exploration are inevitable. Socialism is an inevitable kingdom that has not been fully understood, and understanding its development laws is a process. The form of its realization in each country is also different. In other words, the socialist model of each country cannot be the same. The people of each country must explore their own development path according to their own national conditions and different stages of development. Since it is exploration, there will be successes and mistakes. While achieving great results, you have to pay the necessary price, and these are often intertwined. Even reform is an exploratory process, and there are twists and turns in the process, which is in line with the laws of understanding. Fourth, the development of capitalism has gone through more than 300 years of history, and its productivity development level is higher than that of socialist countries established on the basis of relatively backward economy and culture. In particular, some developed capitalist countries have strong economic strength. After the second war, it maintained a stable development trend and had obvious advantages compared with socialist countries.

When we build socialism, we must learn, draw lessons from and absorb all useful things from foreign countries, including capitalist countries, and use them for our own use. At the same time, we must be wary of Western countries' "Westernization" and "differentiation" of our country. Therefore, the development of socialism will be full of intricate contradictions and struggles, and there will inevitably be twists and turns. However, the twists and turns in the development of socialism can never change the general trend of historical development. Twists and turns are specific paths to realize the general trend of history. They can affect (delay) the realization of the general trend of history, but they can never change the general trend of historical development. No matter what kind of twists and turns occur, and no matter how many twists and turns occur, the twists and turns are always temporary, and the general trend of historical development will eventually be realized through all kinds of twists and turns. This is just like the general trend of the Yellow River rolling eastward with nine twists and turns and eighteen bends that cannot be changed. No matter how many twists and turns the development of socialism encounters, it will always move forward. This general trend of historical development cannot be changed by anyone. In the process of socialist development, some socialist countries have experienced major historical setbacks, which has become a historical fact. However, this does not mean that the socialist system has lost its vitality, nor is it the final outcome of socialist development. It shows from the negative side that distorted socialism will always be eliminated by history, and only scientific socialism can move forward. Although the number of socialist countries on earth partly reflects the degree of realization of the general trend of historical development, it does not necessarily serve as the basis for whether the general trend of historical development will change. In history, inevitable things will eventually appear and take root in human history. This is not a matter of possibility, but a matter of time. Mao Zedong once profoundly clarified the logic of the struggle of the revolutionary people. He said, struggle, fail, struggle again, fail again, until victory. This conclusion is based on the idea that the objective laws of historical development cannot be changed. When the revolutionary struggle suffered setbacks, he earnestly taught people: "The future is bright, but the road is tortuous." This famous saying is by no means a cliche, but a correct reflection of the laws of social and historical development. History is a mirror of reality. It tells us: A career that conforms to the objective laws of historical development will always win in the end no matter what difficulties and obstacles it encounters. The development of socialism will inevitably have twists and turns, but these twists and turns cannot stop the wheel of socialism's progress. The twists and turns in the development of socialism do not mean the "failure" of socialism, and a temporary retrogression will never change the general historical trend of socialism's victory in the world. We Communists should correctly understand the development of socialism and, on the one hand, strengthen socialism. Communist beliefs, on the other hand, must be clearly aware that socialism advances in twists and turns. There are twists and turns in the progress of socialism. There have been twists and turns in the past, there are now, and there will be twists and turns in the future. We should be fully mentally prepared to deal with various complex situations and avoid one-sidedness and blindness in socialist construction. However, acknowledging the twists and turns of socialist development does not mean that we can let the twists and turns take their course, but that we must treat the twists and turns with a positive attitude. On the one hand, we must create conditions to minimize the losses caused by the twists and turns, and on the other hand, we must Learn lessons from twists and turns and open up new paths to understand the truth. (3) The Historical Destiny and Reform of Socialism When drastic changes occurred in Eastern Europe, some prophets in the United States believed that a domino phenomenon was bound to occur. If Eastern Europe fell to the Soviet Union, it would fall, and if the Soviet Union fell to China, it would fall as well. But history seems to have completely exceeded the expectations of these prophets. After the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the flag of Chinese socialism is still flying high. This is no accident. In stark contrast to the Soviet Union's continuous decline in economic growth rate since the 1960s, China's economy has been growing at a rapid pace for ten consecutive years, and its national strength has been significantly enhanced. The economy and society are thriving, and social productivity, comprehensive national strength, and people's living standards have all reached a high level. Its development speed is rare in the world. It can be said that the miracles created by China mainly stem from two words - reform. After the birth of socialism, how to speed up the development of socialism and give full play to the advantages of the socialist system is a major issue raised by the development of human history to the world. Many people are exploring how to build a socialist path, but they have not solved the problem. Deng Xiaoping personally experienced the entire process of China's socialist construction practice, and also witnessed the rise and fall of other socialist countries. He saw the advantages of the basic socialist system and also saw clearly the various shortcomings of the socialist system. When confusion arose in the development of socialism, he answered the major historical issue of how to consolidate and develop socialism. His most classic view is: If China does not reform, it will be a dead end; "Reform is China's second revolution", and reform is to liberate and develop productive forces. He pointed out: “After the basic socialist system is established, we must fundamentally change the economic system that restricts the development of productive forces, establish a socialist economic system full of vitality and vitality, and promote the development of productive forces. This is reform, so reform is also about liberating productive forces. In the past, we only talked about developing productive forces under socialism, but did not talk about liberating productive forces through reform. We should not completely talk about liberating productive forces and developing productive forces." ("Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" Volume 3, No. 370. Page) Here, Deng Xiaoping clearly stated that reform is the driving force for the development of socialism. Without reform, socialism will have no way out. Reform is a fundamental transformation of the system, which is the internal driving force for liberating and developing productive forces.

First, breaking down the old system, carrying out fundamental changes in the system, and liberating and developing the productive forces are the key to stimulating the vitality and vitality of socialism. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of my country, a highly centralized planned economic system was formed. Under the historical conditions at that time, this system played an important role in realizing the unification of the country's finance and economy and accelerating the laying of the foundation for socialist industrialization. This was only possible under certain conditions. can play a positive role. With the complexity of economic and political relations, and with the development of commodity economy and socialist democratic politics, the flaws of this highly centralized and unified economic and political system have become increasingly exposed. The main reasons are that the form of ownership is too single and power is too concentrated. , egalitarianism in distribution, ignoring the role of the law of value; in politics, there is no distinction between party and government, insufficient democracy and legal construction, serious bureaucracy, etc. These shortcomings of the economic and political system have hindered the development of socialist productive forces and the realization of the superiority of the socialist system. Therefore, the economic and political systems must be reformed. The reform of the economic system is to transform the highly centralized planned economic system into a socialist market economic system. This change has fully unleashed the enthusiasm and creativity of the people. The entire economic activity is market-oriented and promotes the stable, rapid and healthy development of China's economy. Only through reform and the productivity is greatly developed can socialism gain an advantage over capitalism. The success of China's reform not only advances China's socialist process, but also affects the world. It shows the world that socialism must persist in reform and remove obstacles to the development of productive forces. Only then can the socialist economy develop rapidly. The socialist system must Only then can the superiority be brought into full play. Second, reform has fundamentally liberated the creativity of the broad masses of the people, which is the source of socialism’s continuous vitality and vitality. People are the most active factor in productivity. People's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, under certain conditions, can change everything in the world. If people's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity are suppressed or banned, the development of productivity will also be hindered to a great extent. The old system and the original policies that transcended the socialist stage did not so much hinder the development of social productive forces as they first suppressed the development of human creativity. Under that system and policy, objectively speaking, it does not require people, especially grassroots units and the masses, to exert much ingenuity. In an enterprise, what products are produced, how much is produced, and whether they can be sold, depend on the workers and their leaders of the enterprise. No need to bother at all. Due to the implementation of egalitarianism in distribution, there is not much difference in the distribution of benefits, and people cannot have lasting enthusiasm. The same is true in rural areas. Farmers don't have to worry about what to plant on this land this year, how much to plant, and whether they can sell it after harvesting. During slack times, those who use their skills and expertise to engage in side business are often regarded as the "tail of capitalism" and are included in the "cut off" category. In this way, people's hands and feet are tied up, and people's creativity is also restricted, of course. It is even less likely to create a new desire for knowledge and adopt new technologies to pursue the best economic and social benefits. How can productivity develop greatly? Therefore, reform, from a deeper level, changes the old system and liberates productive forces, first of all, liberating people, that is, liberating people's thoughts and creativity. Deng Xiaoping paid special attention to this point at the beginning of reform and opening up. He said at the Central Work Conference at the end of 1978: "The most urgent thing at present is to expand the autonomy of factories, mines, enterprises and production teams, so that every factory and production team can do everything possible to exert their initiative and creativity. A production team has operational autonomy. If a small piece of land is not planted, and a small piece of water is not used for breeding, the members and cadres will not be able to sleep, and they will have to use their brains to find solutions. How much wealth can be increased by using your brains?" ("Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" Volume 2, page 146) It is precisely because of this that Deng Xiaoping later said after the publication of the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic Structural Reform" There are ten articles in the document, the most important of which is Article 9. Of course, the other articles are also very important. In summary, Article 9 is "respect knowledge and respect talents", which is the key to the success or failure of things. Can talents be discovered and used?" ("Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping", Volume 3, pp. 91-92) It can be said that China has undergone tremendous changes in the past 20 years of reform and opening up, and the most profound change is labor. Those who have got rid of ideological and institutional restrictions have better liberated the enthusiasm and creativity of the broad masses of the people to develop productive forces. China, with a population of 1.2 billion, is creating a dynamic socialism. What is particularly worthy of people's attention is that the talent issue has now become the focus of competition in the socialist market, which has also affected the development of education. Knowledge and talents are truly respected, the desire for knowledge has increased unprecedentedly, and people have become more and more profoundly aware of it. Recognize the value of knowledge. It can be expected that in China, people's innovative power will develop greatly, and socialism will definitely become more dynamic. Third, reform is the self-improvement and development of the socialist system, and we must adhere to the socialist direction of reform.

Reform has formed a historic trend in socialist countries. In this trend, there are two fundamentally opposing views on reform. One is that the Chinese Communists represented by Deng Xiaoping adhere to the Four Basic Principles. The other view of reform insists that reform is the self-improvement and self-development of the socialist system; the other view insists on bourgeois liberalization. Their so-called "reform" is essentially "redirection", that is, "capitalization." We must resolutely oppose the latter view of reform. This kind of reform can only lead socialist China astray. The Soviet Union's transition from reform to change of direction is enough to show that reforms that negate the socialist system must be a disaster. The Soviet Union completely denied realistic socialism and accused the Soviet socialist system of creating monopolies in various fields: the leadership of the Communist Party created political monopolies, public ownership created economic monopolies, and the guidance of Marxism created spiritual monopolies. , and thus led to alienation in all aspects of politics, economy and culture. Based on this understanding, Gorbachev explicitly proposed in the article "Socialist Thought and Revolutionary Change": "Our entire social building must be fundamentally transformed: from the economic base to the superstructure." ("Pravda") November 26, 1989) How to implement it? It means to abolish public ownership in the economy and implement privatization, to eliminate the guidance of Marxism ideologically, and to diversify the guiding ideology. This fundamentally deviated from the basic principles of scientific socialism. Under the guidance of this wrong line, the Soviet Union slipped step by step into the abyss of drastic changes. The entire party has lost all basis for governing, and the entire society has lost communist ideals and spiritual support. Hostile forces took the opportunity to create political chaos and attempted to seize power. However, the party backed down step by step in the face of such aggressive offensives and waited for death. Reforms caused political power to change hands and society to change. The historical lessons of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union tell us that the Four Basic Principles are the foundation of our country. Socialist reform must always adhere to the Four Basic Principles. Only socialism can save China and develop China. If due to various shortcomings in the specific socialist system If we fundamentally deny the socialist system and its shortcomings, we will turn reform into a redirection, and the result will inevitably be a departure from socialism. In short, we must make it clear that our socialism is the socialism of reform and opening up, and our reform and opening up is the reform and opening up of socialism. We must say two sentences, not one sentence. The great changes that have occurred in our country over the past 20 years are a miracle in the history of socialist development. At a severe historical moment when the international socialist movement is at a low ebb, the great China has declared to the world with the brilliance it has created: socialism is invincible and the future of socialism is bright and unlimited. . (4) The key to the success or failure of socialism is that after the proletariat of the Party seized power, the ruling party began to lead the people in socialist construction. In other words, the subject of socialist construction practice is first and foremost the ruling party. Therefore, the cause of socialist construction can be carried out in To what extent it can develop forward and how quickly the socialist cause develops, in addition to being restricted by the original productivity situation, it also depends on the leadership level and governance ability of the ruling party. First, whether it can correctly understand and grasp the laws of socialist construction; second, whether it can find a socialist path suitable for its own national conditions according to the laws of socialist construction; third, whether it can find a socialist path suitable for its own national conditions according to its own national conditions and changes in the world. , in each historical stage of socialist development, formulate scientific development strategies, principles, and policies; the fourth is whether a mechanism can be found to unite all people who can be united and mobilize the positive factors of the people; the fifth is whether it can be based on the international Changes in relations, seizing opportunities from world development, taking advantage of favorable international political, economic, and security conditions to develop the country's economy, etc. These factors restrict the development of the superiority of the socialist system to a considerable extent. Therefore, we should not and cannot simply attribute the failure of the socialist system to fully realize its superiority to socialism itself. Instead, we should look at The cognitive ability, leadership level and governance level of the ruling party that leads the country's socialist construction play a decisive role in the superiority of the socialist system. In our country, the development of socialism is not smooth sailing. The problem lies in the deviation of our party’s understanding of socialism, which mainly focuses on the issues of “what is socialism and how to build socialism”.

In the 29 years before the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our party made two major mistakes. One occurred from 1958 to 1960 marked by the "Great Leap Forward", and the other occurred during the ?