1. Summarize the contents of the Battle of Yiling in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
The Battle of Yiling was caused by the Wu State's plot to kill Guan Yu, Liu Bei's sworn brother, in order to seize Jingzhou. The thief killed Zhang Fei again. Liu Bei remembered the sworn friendship in Taoyuan and refused to listen to Zhuge Liang. He asked Zhuge Liang to guard Chengdu and personally drive and conquer to destroy Soochow and avenge Guan and Zhang.
Sun Quan was very panicked when he heard about it and sent people to sue for peace and return them all to Jingzhou. Liu Bei repeatedly refused. Sun Quan had no choice but to gather veteran generals who had experienced hundreds of battles to fight, but they were defeated by Liu Bei's fierce generals and were about to be defeated.
Huang Zhong died from an arrow in an ambush. Liu Bei vowed to destroy Soochow! Soochow was defeated, people's hearts dropped, Guan was killed, and Zhang's enemies were all killed. Liu Bei did not give up, and even wanted to destroy Soochow and set up a stronghold in Yiling.
At this time, Soochow debated and sent Lu Xun as the governor. At first the generals were dissatisfied with Lu Xun, but later they saw that Lu Xun used his troops very skillfully and admired him greatly.
Lu Xun saw that Liu Bei had committed a military taboo when he went to the stronghold, so he decided to attack with fire. He went to set fire to Liu Bei's army that night. Sure enough, he set fire to a distance of 700 miles. Liu Bei was defeated and almost died, so he returned to Baidi. City, this is Liu Bei's last battle. 2. The highlights of the Battle of Yiling in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are summarized in subtitles
The Battle of Yiling, also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Xiaoting, was launched by Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of the Shu Han Dynasty, against Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. The large-scale battle was a famous successful example of active defense in the history of ancient Chinese wars, and was also the last of the "Three Major Battles" of the Three Kingdoms.
In July of the first year of Zhangwu (221), three months after Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, Liu Bei sent troops to conquer Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty with great momentum on the pretext of avenging the famous general Guan Yu. After Sun Quan failed to seek peace, he decided to seek peace with Cao Wei and avoid fighting on two fronts, while sending Lu Xun to lead his army to fight.
Lu Xun used the method of waiting for work to block the offensive of the Shu Han army, and even defeated the Shu Han army in the Yiling area in August of the second year of Zhangwu (222). The disastrous defeat in the Battle of Yiling was another major loss of Shu Han's strength after Guan Yu lost Jingzhou. 3. What was the outcome of the Battle of Yiling in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1. In the Battle of Yiling, Liu Bei was eager to avenge Guan Yu and went out to fight despite Zhuge Liang's persuasion. However, Lu Xun burned his camp and retreated to Baidu in defeat. In the imperial city, Liu Bei fell ill because of this. Before his death, he entrusted Zhuge Liang to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang laid out eight formations and was able to repel Soochow 2
2. Battle name: Battle of Yiling, also known as Battle of Yiling, Xiaoting battle.
The Battle of Yiling is one of the three major battles in the history of the Three Kingdoms. These three major battles are the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Chibi, and the Battle of Yiling.
Warring parties: Sun Quan, Liu Bei
Commanders: Lu Xun, Liu Bei
It broke out in 222 AD. It was a war between Wu (Sun Quan) and Shu Han ( Liu Bei) fought for the strategic location of eight counties in Jingzhou. It was also a famous successful example of active defense in the history of ancient Chinese wars.
[Edit this paragraph] Battle background
After Cao Pi deposed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, he established the Wei State, and then Liu Bei and Sun Quan also established two countries. In the Battle of Jingzhou, Guan Yu and his son Guan Ping were killed by Sun Quan, King of Wu. Liu Bei did not listen to the advice of Prime Ministers Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun, and decided to use all the strength of the country to attack Wu and avenge Guan Yu. After Sun Quan failed in several attempts for peace, he had no choice but to send the young Lu Xun as the commander-in-chief to stop him. 4. The highlights of the Battle of Yiling in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are summarized in subtitles
The Battle of Yiling, also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Xiaoting, was launched by Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of the Shu Han Dynasty, against Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. The large-scale battle was a famous successful example of active defense in the history of ancient Chinese wars, and was also the last of the "Three Major Battles" of the Three Kingdoms.
In July of the first year of Zhangwu (221), three months after Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, Liu Bei sent troops to conquer Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty with great momentum on the pretext of avenging the famous general Guan Yu. After Sun Quan failed to seek peace, he decided to seek peace with Cao Wei and avoid fighting on two fronts, while sending Lu Xun to lead his army to fight.
Lu Xun used the method of waiting for work to block the offensive of the Shu Han army, and even defeated the Shu Han army in the Yiling area in August of the second year of Zhangwu (222). The disastrous defeat in the Battle of Yiling was another major loss of Shu Han's strength after Guan Yu lost Jingzhou. 5. The Battle of Yiling in "Three Kingdoms"
The objective reason is that Liu Bei did not have the upper hand in military strength, coupled with the lack of capable generals under his command, difficulties in logistics supply, and the weak naval force.
The subjective reasons are that Liu Bei was not fully prepared and sent troops rashly; his early military victory made him feel proud and underestimated the enemy; he had insufficient understanding of the situation and lacked strategic considerations, so his soldiers were taken advantage of by the enemy.
First, from a strategic point of view, Liu Bei supported Guan Yu's attack on Wu and worsened the relationship between the two countries. This was against Kong Minglong's ultimate goal - to harmonize the Zhujie in the west, occupy the Yi and Yue in the south, befriend Sun Quan externally, and cultivate political principles internally. The political policy, when its own strength was not as strong as that of Wei, prompted the State of Wu to change its strategy for a period of time, surrender to Wei, and advance the plan to capture the entire territory of Jingzhou. The second time Guan Yu failed, he did not defend in advance, so that From Wu down, all the strategic locations along the river were lost, and Wu controlled the area along the Kuidao River. If the Shu army penetrated deeper, they would naturally be in danger of being trapped in a narrow area and being cut off from their retreat. Therefore, he had to move forward with his battalion. Third, due to his own mistakes, Mengda surrendered to Wei and lost the three counties of Jingzhou, thus losing the ability to send another army down the Han River to threaten Wuchang's military situation. Fourth, fighting on two sides, the troops were scattered.
In this regard, Sun Quan was much better. He wrote to Cao Cao to declare the destiny of heaven, and then professed his tribunalship to Wei. Liu Bei fought on two sides: Sun Wu and Cao Wei. Although Cao Cao withdrew his troops, it did not mean that he would no longer attack Shu, because Cao Cao still had the power to attack Hanzhong.
Therefore, it is not easy to fight against the two places. Therefore, it is not easy to fight against the two places.
In addition, fourthly, Liu Bei did not listen to the advice of many ministers in this war: Huang Quan, the partial general, was afraid that his long drive would be in vain, so he tried to persuade Liu Bei to fight steadily. He told Liu Bei: The Wu navy will follow the current and advance. It is easy to retreat and it is difficult to retreat. I ask you to take the vanguard to meet the invaders. Your Majesty should be the back town. Liu Bei did not listen to Huang Quan, but also said that Huang Quan was blocking the army, that is, he used Quan as the general to guard the north to prevent Wei from invading - Huang Quan's Three Kingdoms Chronicles, Zhao Yun's biography quotes Yunbie legend Zhao Yunli's admonishment, "Yun admonished: "The national thief is Cao Cao, not Cao Cao. Sun Quan also wants to destroy Wei first, and then Wu will surrender.
Although Cao Shen is dead, Zi Pi usurped the robbers. Due to the popular sentiment, he should have planned to go to Guanzhong early, and lived on the upper reaches of the river and Wei to fight against the evil rebels. A righteous man must ride his horse to meet the king's army. Wei should not be put aside to fight Wu first; once the troops are in contact, they cannot be defeated.
"Liu Bei refused to listen - Zhao Yun engaged in offering wine to Qin Mi. Trying to stop the army, Chen said that the weather was unfavorable and was taken to prison - two articles by Qin Mi were quoted from the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, and the other one was searched on the Internet. From the above examples, there is strong evidence that Liu Bei was suspicious of others during this battle or did not listen to the direct advice of his generals.
Moreover, Zhao Zilong and Huang Quan were Liu Bei's favorite generals. It is strange that he lost the reputation of generals because of Guan Yu's death. There are two reasons. One is that he really lost his rationality because of Guan Yu. The other is that he lost Jingzhou just after he captured Hanzhong. He was eager to win and wanted to regain the lost place quickly and lost his rationality.
Fifth, overestimating one’s own strength. Liu Bei not only won a comprehensive victory over Bashu, but also achieved many successes in the war against Wei. First, Zhang Fei defeated Wei general Zhang He at Danqu, then entered Tunyang Pingguan and defeated Wei generals Xia Houyuan and Zhao Yun. He also set up an ambush on Wei soldiers.
For a time, Liu Bei was so angry that he even ignored Cao Cao, who was always afraid of him. So, would Sun Quan ignore him? In this way, careful consideration of troop deployment and march planning was not taken seriously. Sixth, before the soldiers moved, Zhang Fei was killed by his subordinates.
Everyone also knows that Zhang Fei and Guan Yu are Liu Bei's generals, but they also have shortcomings: one is proud and the other is straightforward, which is what people will say in the future: "Yu treats soldiers well but is arrogant to scholar-bureaucrats. Fei loves to respect A gentleman does not care about villains." Liu Bei once told Zhang Fei not to impose any corporal punishment on his subordinates, but Zhang Fei still couldn't understand it. At that time, Zhang Fei's position was: Captain of the Chariot and Cavalry General Division, guarding Brazil. It can be seen that Zhang Fei held an important position and was Liu Bei's top military general. After his death, his military strength was weakened and the morale of the entire team was affected. After Zhang Fei's death, Zhao Yun did not use him again. Wei Yan and Ma Chao were guarding against Wei's invasion, and there were no good generals left.
This is also one of the reasons for Liu Bei's failure. One thing worthy of everyone's attention is that Zhuge Liang's attitude towards Liu Bei was not very optimistic and he did not strongly object.
After the defeat of the war, Zhuge Liang said: "If the law and filial piety are upright, you can control the Lord and prevent your life from traveling eastward; if you resume your journey eastward, you will not be in danger." He said this, which meant that he had no Advise Liu Bei to use the dead Fa Zheng to reveal his faults.
In this case, why didn’t Kong Ming give enough advice? First, he could not estimate the war situation and felt that the outcome would not be so tragic. Second, if you give too much advice, your life will not be saved.
Third, he was at both ends of the war. Why did he say that Kong Ming died in the novel? In fact, the Ming and Qing Dynasties just wanted to change the perspective of Kong Ming on the battle of Yiling. In addition, I think Kong Ming wanted to recapture Jingzhou, because after capturing Jingzhou, he would be able to attack Wei smoothly.
At that time, Hanzhong had no power to control Wei. After Jingzhou was established, it posed a great threat to Wei. Hanzhong can only leave Qinchuan in the north, and its strategic goal is to control Cao Wei across Jing Dynasty.
It is possible to capture Wushu County if there is a slight expansion of land.
Moreover, Lu Xun's comment about more defeats and less success is definitely correct: After Guan Yu's death, he launched an army to march eastward. Since Wei proclaimed himself emperor (reign title Zhang Wu), Shu Han also proclaimed himself emperor, and then hastily declared himself emperor in July. "Training soldiers and horses." The so-called training of soldiers and horses is actually just gathering Zhang Nan, Feng Diao and other generals to attack Sun Wu. I want to ask, are the soldiers and horses well-trained? At that time, Zhang Fei led 10,000 troops to attack Wu. After Zhang Fei's death, did all those 10,000 troops return to Liu Bei's camp? In Jiangzhou, the army was quickly mobilized, and the left and right governors, vanguards and generals were appointed. The troops were sent out in July. It can be seen that the soldiers and horses of Shu must not be as good as Sun Wu's elite.
This topic was discussed before by Zhang Fei. First, Zhang Fei died, Zhao Yun did not reuse him, and Wei Yan and Ma Chao were guarding against Wei's invasion. Not only that, let's take a look at the generals of Shu: The Shu army was in Yiling Adjustments to the main generals: Liu Bei, Wu Ban, Feng Diao, Zhang Nan, Zhao Rong, Liao Chun, Fu Tong, Du Lu, Liu Ning, Zhang Fei (dead), Liu Ba, Huang Quan, Ma Liang, Wang Mou, Wang Fu , Li Chao, Zhang Bao, Guan Xing and Liu Bei were not talented leaders. In terms of military planning, Kong Ming was absent and Fazheng was dead. No one in the army could discuss strategic duels, tactics and other military planning with Liu Bei. It is even more difficult to say that there is a good plan.
It is even more difficult to say what a good plan is. There is also Huang Quan, indeed there is still Huang Quan, but he is not reused, as seen earlier.
Among the generals, the pioneers and others are just some unknown people. Huang Zhong died again, to put it harshly, if. 6. The difference between the Battle of Yiling in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the historical facts
Battle name: Battle of Yiling, also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Xiaoting.
The Battle of Yiling is one of the three major battles in the history of the Three Kingdoms. These three major battles are the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Chibi, and the Battle of Yiling. Warring parties: Sun Quan, Liu Bei Commanders: Lu Xun, Liu Bei The war broke out in 222 AD. It was a war fought by Wu (Sun Quan) and Shu Han (Liu Bei) during the Three Kingdoms period to compete for the strategically important eight counties of Jingzhou. It was also an ancient Chinese war. A famous example of successful active defense in history.
[Edit this paragraph] Battle background After Cao Pi deposed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, he established the Wei State, and then Liu Bei and Sun Quan also established two countries. In the Battle of Jingzhou, Guan Yu and his son Guan Ping were killed by Sun Quan, King of Wu.
Liu Bei did not listen to the advice of Prime Minister Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun, and decided to devote all his strength to attack the Kingdom of Wu and avenge Guan Yu. After Sun Quan failed in several attempts for peace, he had no choice but to send young Lu Xun as the commander-in-chief to stop him.
[Edit this paragraph] The cause of the battle was that Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty occupied Jingzhou, which destroyed Liu Bei's Longzhong strategy ("Longzhong Dui" said: "Conquer Han and Mian in the north, seize the South China Sea, connect Wu Hui in the east , The west is connected to Bashu, a country that uses military force, but its master cannot defend it. This is the reason why the general is so talented. Does the general have any intention? Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich and the country is rich but they don't know how to care for them. The wise men want to know the wise king.
The general is the king of the emperor. His loyalty is everywhere, he takes charge of heroes, and he is thirsty for talents, as if there are thorns across his shoulders. , Yi, protect the rocks, make peace with the Rong in the west, pacify the Yiyue in the south, befriend Sun Quan externally, and cultivate political affairs internally. If the world changes, order a general to lead the Jingzhou army to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yi. The people of the state came out of Qinchuan, and the people dared not to eat the soup in order to welcome the general? If this is the case, the hegemony will be achieved and the Han Dynasty will be prosperous.") Liu Bei does not have the conditions for unification. If Liu Bei. If he wants to destroy Cao Wei or Sun Wu, according to "Longzhong Dui", he must take back Jingzhou, otherwise he can only rely on Shu Dao to separate one side.
Whether it was for his own imperial career or to avenge his country and his family, Liu Bei had to take back Jingzhou. However, because he was too eager to take back Jingzhou, Liu Bei decided to take back Jingzhou when Shu was not prepared. Troops were dispatched in a hurry. [Edit this paragraph] Contents of the battle The two sides fought several times, with both sides winning and losing. Later, Lu Xun adopted a defensive strategy and could not hold on.
This strategy disrupted Liu Bei's plan for a quick victory. Because the Shu Kingdom is located in a hilly area, it is very inconvenient to transport food. In addition, the weather at that time was very hot and muggy, which made the Shu army very depressed.
So Liu Bei ordered his soldiers to garrison in dense woods. And the camp was guarded, Lu Xun believed that the opportunity to launch an attack had come.
Then he launched a fire-burning camp for 700 miles, defeated the Shu army, and contacted the Shu army to deal with the threat. After the Battle of Chibi in 208 AD, the strategically important Jingzhou, which governed eight counties north and south of the Yangtze River, was divided among Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan.
Cao Cao occupied Nanyang and northern Jiangxia, Sun Quan occupied Nanjun and southern Jiangxia, and Liu Bei captured the four counties of Changsha, Wuling, Lingling, and Guiyang. In 210 AD, at Liu Bei's request and Lu Su's persuasion, Sun Quan lent Liu Bei a strategic location on the north bank of the Yangtze River.
In this way, Liu Bei actually basically controlled Jingzhou. Soon, Liu Bei captured Yizhou and Hanzhong successively, and the situation of the three kingdoms of Wei, Wu and Shu in history was formed.
Hanzhong and Jingzhou are the two strategic bases of the Shu Han. From Hanzhong, you can go north from Tongguan and attack Luoyang; from Jingzhou, you can go north through Xiangyang to attack Xuchang, and from the east, you can go straight to the hinterland of the State of Wu, so that the Shu Han We are in a favorable position where we can attack when we advance and defend when we retreat. The Soochow regime, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, was deeply uneasy in the face of the rapid development of Liu Bei's power.
Only because the two sides had the same strategic goal of joining forces to resist Cao Shang at that time, this conflict has not intensified for the time being. In 211 AD, after Sun Quan occupied Jiaozhou (today's Guangdong and Guangxi), his power further expanded; at that time, Cao Cao was busy annexing the forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui in Guanzhong to stabilize the rear, and had no time to look south.
Sun Quan took this opportunity to demand the return of Jingzhou from Liu Bei, but Liu Bei refused to return it on the pretext that "Liangzhou must be obtained, and Jingzhou should be given to each other". The contradiction between the two countries has become increasingly acute, and they once met each other with military force.
Although an agreement was finally reached to divide Jingzhou equally: with the Xiang River as the boundary, Sun Quan occupies Jiangxia, Changsha, and Guiyang, and Liu Bei occupies Nanjun, Wuling, and Lingling, but the conflict between the two countries has not really eliminate. In 219 AD, Sun Quan took advantage of the Shu Han Jingzhou garrison Guan Yu and led his army to attack Xiangyang and Fancheng in the north. He fought fiercely with Cao Wei's army. When the rear was empty, he sent general Lu Meng to "cross the river in white" and attack Guan Yu's rear base Jiangling.
After hearing the news, Guan Yu hurriedly led his army to rescue him, but was defeated and killed. Sun Quan then occupied the entire Jingzhou. As a result, the conflict between Sun and Liu intensified, eventually leading to the Battle of Yiling.
In 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu. His country was named Han, his name was Shuhan in history, and his reign was named Zhangwu. A month later, Liu Bei decided to attack Wu on a large scale in an attempt to avenge Guan Yu and recapture Jingzhou.
Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi was very happy to see the internal divisions and collapse of the Sun-Liu alliance. He took the opportunity to fan the flames and looked for opportunities to intensify the conflicts between Wu and Shu so as to reap the benefits of the fishermen. On the Shu Han side, most of the ministers and generals including Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun saw that a large-scale attack on Wu would be detrimental to Shu, so they repeatedly warned Liu Bei not to send troops to attack Wu.
However, Liu Bei, who was in anger, could not listen to these opinions at all. As for Sun Quan, after capturing Jingzhou, in order to consolidate his vested interests and not want to intensify the conflict between Wu and Shu, he sent envoys to Liu Bei twice to seek peace, but Liu Bei flatly rejected them both times.
Zhuge Jin (brother of Zhuge Liang), the governor of Nanjun in Soochow, also wrote to Liu Bei, stating his interests and hopes that Liu Bei would stop attacking Wu. Liu Bei also ignored it.
In July 221 AD, Liu Bei personally led more than 100,000 Shu Han troops to launch a large-scale war against Wu. At that time, the border between the two countries had moved westward to the vicinity of Wushan, and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River had become the main channel between the two countries.
Liu Bei sent generals Wu Ban and Feng Xi to lead more than 40,000 people as the vanguard to seize the gorge and invade the Wu territory. They defeated the Wu army Li Yi and Liu Abu in Wudi (now Badong, Hubei) and occupied Zigui. In order to prevent Cao Wei from taking the opportunity to attack, Liu Bei sent General Huang Quan of Zhenbei to station on the north bank of the Yangtze River, and also sent his lieutenant Ma Liang to Wuling to win over the local tribal leader Samoko to raise troops to cooperate with the Shu Han army.
Faced with the strategic attack of the Shu army, Sun Quan rose up to fight. He appointed his right guard. 7. The Battle of Yiling in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
The Battle of Yiling
The Battle of Yiling, also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Xiaoting, was a battle between the Shu Han monarch Liu Bei and Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. The battle launched by the Three Kingdoms was the last of the "three major battles" of the Three Kingdoms. In July 221, three months after Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, he immediately sent his troops to the east on the pretext of avenging General Guan Yu, with great momentum. Sun Quan, the king of Soochow, immediately led Lu Xun to fight. Lu Xun blocked the Shu army's offensive by waiting for work, and even defeated the Shu army in the Yiling area in August 222.
The Battle of Guandu
The Battle of Guandu was one of the "three major battles" in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It was also one of the famous battles in Chinese history in which the weak defeated the strong. In the fifth year of Jian'an (200) of Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao's army and Yuan Shao's army were in a stalemate in Guandu (now northeast of Zhongmou, Henan), where they launched a strategic decisive battle. Cao Cao made a surprise attack on Yuan's army's granary in Wuchao (now west of Fengqiu, Henan), and then defeated the main force of Yuan's army. This battle laid the foundation for Cao Cao's unification of northern China.
The Battle of Chibi
The Battle of Chibi refers to the formation period of the Three Kingdoms. The coalition forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei fought in the Chibi area of ????the Yangtze River (now northwest of Chibi, Hubei) in the 13th year of Jian'an (208) when Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was established. A famous battle that defeated Cao Cao's army and laid the foundation for the establishment of the Three Kingdoms. The date of the war was from July to 12th in 208 AD. This is one of the famous examples in history of defeating more with less.
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