well-behaved

Portrait of Xunzi (Encyclopedia of China (Concise))

Xunzi's thought is biased towards experience and personnel, based on social context, attaching importance to social order, opposing mysticism and attaching importance to human efforts. Confucius' central idea is "benevolence", Mencius' central idea is "righteousness", and Xunzi put forward "courtesy" after them, attaching importance to people's behavior norms in society. Confucius was revered as a saint, but he opposed the philosophical thought of "Meng Si School" headed by Mencius and Zi Si, and thought that Zi Gong and himself were the scholars who inherited Confucius' thought. Xunzi believes that people are born to satisfy their desires, and there will be disputes if they are not satisfied. Therefore, he advocates that human nature is evil, and it is necessary to "turn nature into falsehood" by the enlightenment of the holy king and etiquette to enhance his personality.

ideologist

Xun Kuang is a thinker of the emerging landlord class. His knowledge is profound. On the basis of inheriting early Confucianism, he absorbed the strengths of various schools and comprehensively reformed them, established his own ideological system and developed the ancient materialism tradition. There are 32 existing Xunzi, most of which are his own works, involving philosophy, logic, politics, morality and many other aspects. On the view of nature, he opposes the belief in ghosts and gods, affirms that the laws of nature are not transferred by human will, and puts forward that people can prosper only if they conform to the laws of nature; On the issue of human nature, he put forward the theory of "evil nature", arguing that human nature has two parts: "sex" and "falsehood". Sex (nature) is an evil animal instinct, and falsehood (man-made) is a good ritual and music education, which denies the innate moral concept. Emphasize the influence of acquired environment and education on people; In political thought, he adhered to the Confucian principle of rule by courtesy, attached importance to people's material needs, and advocated the combination of economic development and rule by courtesy. In epistemology, he admits that human thinking can reflect reality. But there is a tendency to despise sensory function. In the famous Persuasion, he concentrated on his views on learning. This paper emphasizes the importance of "learning" and thinks that if you are knowledgeable and often check and reflect on yourself, you can "know it without making mistakes". At the same time, it is pointed out that learning must be combined with practice, and learning attitude should be sincere, single-minded and persistent. He attaches great importance to the position and role of teachers in teaching. He believes that a country must attach importance to teachers if it wants to prosper, and at the same time put forward strict requirements for teachers. He thinks that students can't practice unless the teacher sets an example.

Writers and educators

The article in Xunzi has clear theme, rigorous structure, thorough reasoning and strong logic. The language is rich and colorful, good at metaphor, with many parallel sentences and his unique style, which also has a certain influence on later reasoning articles. The five short poems in Xunzi created a literary genre, namely Fu. He wrote Xiang Xiang pian in the form of folk songs at that time, and the lyrics were easy to understand. He used rap to express his political and academic thoughts, which also had a certain influence on later generations. Xun Kuang deserves to be regarded as a great thinker, outstanding writer and educator in ancient China. In addition, Xunzi is one of the representatives of Yin and Yang family.

Theory of evil in human nature

Xunzi? In The Theory of Evil Nature, Xunzi thinks that human nature has two parts: sex and falsehood. Sex is the innate animal instinct of human beings, which is evil; Pseudo is the acquired education of rites and music, not bad. The essence of sex (animal instinct) is all kinds of desires. If it is obedient, people will do whatever it takes to satisfy their desires, leading to moral decay and chaos in the world. Sages know that knowledge is evil, so they create morality of propriety and righteousness, "transforming nature into emptiness", replacing nature with emptiness, and making people do good. Darwin's theory of evolution can also prove the "evil nature", because in the process of evolution, organisms can only survive if they evolve the desire for survival and possessiveness. Sacrifice others for your own survival, occupy as many living resources as possible, and eliminate competitors. This is sex, not evil. Then why forge it? What is the use of kindness? Xunzi? The king system also said: in terms of strength, people are not as good as cattle; In speed, people are not as good as horses, but people have domesticated cows and horses for their own use. Why? Because people can form a society and unite as one, but animals such as cattle and horses can't. Why can people form a society? Because people have morality (righteousness), with morality, we can form a stable society, greatly increase people's strength, and make mankind prosperous and live a happy life. The function of morality is to maintain social internal order and build a "harmonious society". This is the role of falsehood. Pseudo (propriety and morality) can maintain the normal order of society and ensure the survival of mankind.

Edit this history

Xunzi's life activities, "custom and righteousness?" "Biography of Jigong" records: "At that time, all the wise men gathered under Ji ... Sun Qing had a scholar who began to study at the age of fifteen." In 286 BC, the Song Dynasty was wiped out. Confucianism talks about the arrogance of King Qi Min. "All Confucian scholars are disobedient and scattered." At this moment, the alignment said, "If you stand on the position of winning, you will win on the road of winning." He pointed to today's Chu's tie in front of me, the geese threatened me behind me, and Jin Wei held it on my right ... If the national policy was planned, the three countries would inevitably take the opportunity to invade. In this way, Qi will inevitably lead to disintegration and the country is in danger of extinction. (Xunzi). Right ",the second volume, only note the title) opinion was not adopted, Sun Qing went to the state of Chu. During the reign of King Xiang of Qi (283 BC-265 BC), Xunzi returned to Qi for the second time. "Xun Qing is the best teacher. "He was promoted to drink offering three times. ("Historical Records? Biographies of Mencius and Xun Qing) Fan Ju of Qin Dynasty (266 BC-255 BC), Xunzi went to Qin State to meet Zhao Haoqi of Qin State. Zhao Haoqi asked: "Is Confucianism bad for the people's country?" Xunzi replied: "Confucianism is beautiful politically in the current dynasty and vulgar in the status of the next dynasty. Confucianism is like this." ("Scholars") Ying Hou () asked Sun: What do you think of entering Qin? Xunzi replied: "shape wins", "people are simple", "officials are afraid", the scholar-officials are "open-minded and public", and the court "listens without leaving" and "governs"; And "almost no Confucianism" is "what Qin lacks" Because of the rule of law in Qin dynasty, Xunzi's thought of governing the country with Confucianism is not feasible. Someone slandered Xunzi in Qi, so Xunzi left Qi and came to Chu. In 255 BC, he was appointed as the magistrate of Lanling County. But some people think that Xunzi is the bane of Chu. So Xunzi resigned from Chu and came to Zhao to worship him as Shangqing. Later, someone in Chu advised Chu Xiangchun and Shen Jun to let Xunzi return to Chu. So Chun sent someone back to Xunzi and asked him to be reinstated as the magistrate of Lanling County. In 238 BC, Chun Shen Jun was killed by Li Yuan, and Xunzi was just an official. He died a few years later. There are more than 300 works of Xunzi circulating in Han Dynasty. After editing and sorting out by Liu Xiang, 32 books were fixed by deleting duplication. Xunzi traveled to Qi in his early years. Because of his extensive knowledge, he was the "most teacher" and served as the "wine festival" of Qi State at that time for three times (the length of the school palace). In about 264 BC, at the invitation of King Qin Zhao, he swam westward into the State of Qin, saying that the State of Qin was "simple in folk customs", "awed by all officials" and close to "supreme rule". Later, he returned to Zhao and discussed the soldiers with Lin in front of him. He thought that "the purpose of fighting is to care for the people" and that "those who are good at attaching to the people are also good at fighting" ("Xunzi? Discuss the soldiers "). Later, Xunzi was used by Chu Chunshen Jun and ordered by Lanling County (now Lanling Town, Cangshan County, Shandong Province). Engaged in teaching and writing in his later years.

Edit this famous sentence handed down from ancient times.

(1) If you are not me, you are my teacher. It's me, my friend; Those who flatter me are thieves. ("Xunzi cultivate one's morality") 2 One day, not for the existence of Yao, not for the death of Jie. (Xun Zi Tian Lun) (3) You can't see with your eyes, but you can't hear with your ears. ("Xunzi Persuades Learning") (4) Although the Tao is close, it cannot be done. Small as it is, nothing is impossible. ("Xunzi's Self-cultivation") (5) Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. ("Xunzi Persuade Learning") (6) In Peng, I am straight and not helpful; White sand is nirvana, and it is black. ("Xunzi Persuasion") (7) So, it is not thousands of miles away; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. ("Xunzi Persuades to Learn") (8) The gentleman said: You can't learn. ("Xunzi Persuasion") (9) Green, take it from blue, and green is blue. Ice, water, but colder than water. (<& lt Xunzi exhorts students > & gt)( 10) Water can carry a boat and also overturn it. ("Xun Zi Ai Gong") (1 1) The silence of the sky pushes up, the silence of the earth pushes up, and the silence of the people is four points. & lt& lt Xunzi is meticulous >>

Xunzi is a thinker, written by Xunzi (about 365438 BC+03 BC-238 BC), whose name is Qing, Huaxia (Han nationality), and Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period. A famous thinker, writer and politician, he is called "Xun Qing". It was also called in the Western Han Dynasty because it avoided the taboo of Emperor Gaozu, and because the words "Xun" and "Sun" were homophony. He served as a drinking ceremony for Xia Ji Gong Xue in Qi State for three times, and was later ordered by Chu Lanling (located in Lanling County, Shandong Province).

Xunzi developed Confucianism. On the issue of human nature, he advocated the theory of evil nature, advocated that human nature was evil, denied the innate moral concept, and emphasized the influence of acquired environment and education on people. His theory is often compared with Mencius' theory of good nature by later generations, and Xunzi has also made considerable contributions to sorting out Confucian classics.

Xunzi is the work of Xun Kuang, a famous materialist thinker at the end of the Warring States Period.

Who is behind the twentieth volume? The middle-aged man's full name is Jian Zheng, and he is a resident of Room 402, No.2 apartment building. Previously, with Sun Xindie and Huang Fuhe

Mother and son have a good relationship. However, his wife Zhang is the second person to die after Tang Zhen. At that time, he

And angry. Because his wife told her before she died, Sun Xindie warned her.

"Uncle Zheng," Huang Fuhe said seriously, "I understand your feelings, but you should also know about me and my mother. whatever

Anyway, I will never let my mother bear the unwarranted charges. "

However, Jian Zheng was completely indifferent. His face sank and he said, "well, are you moving back?" Suit yourself, but don't mention your mother in front of me, never again! "

I experienced such a thing before the word blood began, which completely cast a shadow on everyone's hearts. Pei Tsing Yi's face was even colder. Zhan Tianlin stuck out his tongue and licked his lips, just like a beast staring at its prey.

Jian Zheng with that, from HuangFuHe side aisle, came to the front of the mailbox, took out his subscription to the evening paper, walked back to the front of the elevator, press the button.

At this point, the atmosphere is very embarrassing. And suspection.i and also came to the nearby stairwell, along the escape ladder and go up with others. Xue Zhen followed him and held him tight. Just now, I don't know why, but I actually defended him. She actually spoke for Huang Fuhe ... Is it that she has completely forgiven him subconsciously? Completely convinced that his mother wasn't the killer?

In fact, the judgment in that case did have problems in all aspects. On the one hand, it is incredible that a woman kills a man physically, and the forensic doctor did not find any drugs on his father afterwards; Secondly, there is no motive for killing. After all, my father and Aunt Sun were so madly in love at that time.

Especially the latter.

Si Nuo really believes that Sun Xindie is sincere to his father. In fact, after Huang Fuhe's father died in the shipwreck, she still pestered her husband and did not remarry for many years. Although Huang Fuhe is a reason, it is also an important reason for remembering and remembering her dead husband. It's just that Sun Xindie was tempted again when Tianxiang appeared. Finally, I let go of that memory and decided to combine with Lian Tianxiang to form a new family. What a happy thing it would be if everything came true.

How happy everything would be if the later events didn't happen ... "You didn't take the elevator because you were worried about Uncle Zheng, did you?" Xue Zhen suddenly said, "Actually, you don't have to think too much ..."

"No."HuangFuHe cut to the chase:

"Because it is very dangerous to enter the elevator. I have such an experience. "

"What, danger?"

"What if there is a ghost in the elevator?"

"You ... Huang Fuhe, you still have endless!"

Mentioned this topic again, let the snow really can't help but also made a cold shiver. As the saying goes, three people make a tiger, and it is natural to look at the people around you. There is no way to refute Huang Fuhe, which makes her feel a little scary. Is it really a ghost?

But even if there is a ghost, Huang Fuhe is not Zhong Kui. What can he do?

What can he do?

Finally came to the fifth floor. And Huang Fuhe came to room 50 1. He looked up at the house number and his expression froze. It seems to recall a lot of things that happened at the beginning.

I don't know how long it took, and they didn't bother him.

Because everyone knows very well that it is a very painful thing for Huang Fuhe to come back here.

For a long time, HuangFuHeCai look back, took out the key from his pocket and opened the door.

Needless to say, there are only empty walls inside. However, nobody cares about leaving here at midnight anyway. However, the snow really seems to be unable to see the past, saying, "How can you live like this? Why don't I give you something? By the way, you have no water and electricity here. "

The snow at this time really looks like it, even the blind can see that her so-called "hatred" for Huang Fuhe is greatly watery.

"Snow is real." Huang Fuhe took a deep breath and said slowly, "I just want to repeat, leave here, leave at once!" " This apartment will become very dangerous next, very dangerous! "

The snow really seemed to be crushed, and my chest began to fluctuate violently. Without thinking, she said, "Do you know something and want to take me away? I'm not going, I want to stay here and know the truth! "

"I didn't lie to you, so it will be really dangerous here, and ..." HuangFuHe thoughtfully for a long time, finally said:

"I don't know if I can survive tonight ..." "You, what did you say?"

Hearing these words, the color on Xue Zhen's face has faded by at least half. HuangFuHe this sentence, more let her almost didn't stand.

What are the serial numbers of the twenty volumes of The Complete Works of Lu Xun? It should be arranged from the first page to the last page according to the creation year of each volume of major works.

Twenty volumes about payment cards for help. Hello, card or charge? Or Alipay Express Payment? Is the payment password a bank card password? Or the payment password of the website? The security code of UnionPay card standard credit card is called CVN2, which has three digits and is printed on the back of the credit card after the last four digits of the card number. Make this clear.

Have you finished reading the 20 volumes of the magic forbidden book catalogue? The 2 1 volume has been sold, and the author says there is no pressure to write another 20 volumes.

When will the magic of zero come out? Oh, it's pure Japanese. If Japanese is good, the landlord will order the next raw meat ... I'm afraid it will be March and April in China.

When did the twentieth volume of the magical novel "Seeking Truth from scratch" appear on February 25th this year, that is, it will be listed in Japan in more than ten days? Not nonsense.

Attached MF Library J mediafactory.co.jp/bunkoj/books.php?, official website . id = 27295

The name of the 20 volumes is the holy land of the ancient abyss ... and the cover is Tifa instead of 6 14.