Turning over the history of the Chinese nation, I was struck by two words:? Worried? Some come from nature, others from social groups and individuals. As we all know, in modern history, the Chinese nation was bullied by all the world powers, but it was not conquered and destroyed by any invaders. Instead, it finally found the road to national rejuvenation. This is because the Chinese nation itself has a kind of vitality, an inexhaustible vitality, which can be called the national spirit, and the sense of hardship is precisely a crystallization and expression of the national spirit in thought and theory.
20 10 what is the theme of Tomb-Sweeping Day symposium? Qingming? Gratitude and social harmony? This is convenient for scholars to explore the grateful significance of offering sacrifices to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor from a broader historical background, and further explore the historical and practical significance of the basic concepts of China culture. ? Qingming? Traditional festivals are called. National Thanksgiving Day? It is not unreasonable, its essence is not to forget the history of Chinese suffering and national struggle. If you leave? National worries? Can't you understand? National gratitude? Profound content; Similarly, without the harmonious ideal of the nation, it is difficult to identify with the goal that the nation is striving for. So, will? Worried? With what? Harmony? It is necessary to think together.
Confucius? Worried? With what? Le?
If you want to classify people's moral sentiments, use two concepts in China culture? Worried? With what? Le? To express, the most appropriate. Worry and optimism are actually values. As a representative of China's ancient excellent culture, Confucius talked about his own ideas many times? Worried? With what? Le? . He said:? Morality can't be repaired, learning can't be taught, learning can't be moved, and incompetence can't be changed. This is my worry. ? As? Gentleman? You don't pay attention to the improvement of your moral quality, learn from each other, act according to moral standards, and can't correct your mistakes in time? These are all worries caused by Confucius witnessing the social reality at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius has? Worried? There are also? Le? For example, his famous saying: isn't it a pleasure to study with perseverance and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't he a completely moral person? Although people may not pay attention to him, he won't feel uneasy. Confucius praised his student Yan Hui: He lived in a mean alley and had a hard life. People can't bear their worries? If possible? Don't change your fun? Insist on pursuing moral and academic progress, what a wise man and gentleman! Confucius himself said that? Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful, I don't know that old age is coming? . So Confucius is different? Worried? With what? Le? Its standard is people's moral cultivation and mental state, abbreviated as? Suntech? Spirit.
It is not enough that Confucius' sense of hardship only pays attention to people's moral quality. He also cares about social stability and harmony, which is in The Analects? It is detailed in Ji's book. At that time, Lu's office was declining, and where was Lu's so-called power? Third ring road? (Brother Lu Zhuang celebrates his father, Uncle Sun Shi and Ji Sun's family). ? Hey? Attached to the state of Lu, the Lord worships Mount Dongmeng, and Ji Sun tries to crusade against Zhuan Xu. Faced with this situation, Confucius talked about the political philosophy of social harmony. He said: Don't suffer from inequality, poverty and anxiety. There is no poverty, no poverty and no peace. ? What does Confucius emphasize here in the Analects of Confucius written by Bao Xian, a Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Zhu, a thinker in the Southern Song Dynasty? Up and down the same? 、? Small peace? 、? Peace and security? . To sum up, in Confucius' view, the country's worry lies not in whether its economic strength is strong, but in whether its possession and disposal of these properties are reasonable and whether it can make the society peaceful and orderly; He emphasized that people's role is greater than material factors. ? Politician, Zheng Fang? ("The Analects? Yan yuan), for rulers, they are required to be correct and fair. Later, many politicians and thinkers in ancient China mostly looked at social problems along this line of thought of Confucius.
The sense of hardship originates from the theory of variation in China's culture.
? Worried? This word comes from Yi Zhuan? Under the copula:? Is Iraq's prosperity in the Middle Ages? Does the person who wrote Yi have something on his mind? The author of Cohesion thinks that the Book of Changes may be a worrying work in the period of King Wen. "Is it easy? Ming Yi melon? For example, Xun Chuan said that during the Yin period, there was no way in the world. At that time, Zhou Wenwang was imprisoned and suffered great trouble. However, Wang Wen saved the situation by keeping in mind the virtue of masculinity and using flexible methods for external use.
At the end of the Warring States period, scholars studied the Book of Changes and wrote their own research experiences into the Book of Changes, which was divided into ten chapters. Among them, the cohesion part focuses on the theoretical essence of Yijing, and also studies the internal roots of things' changes. They believe that the opposites of Yin and Yang, rigidity, movement, good or bad luck, misfortune and survival promote each other, which leads to changes in nature and society. Knowledge is poor and virtue is prosperous? Eight-word explanation: people know how wonderful things change and praise them? Shengde? . Insight into this, can a gentleman do it? Is it safe for the body and insurable for the country to live without forgetting danger, to live without forgetting death, and to cure without forgetting chaos? ("Yi Chuan? Under the copula "). Visible Yi Chuan? The sense of hardship in cohesion is derived from the principle of things changing, which embodies a theoretical form of simple dialectical thinking in ancient China culture. In a word, China's history and culture are rich and persistent in dialectical thinking, which makes the Chinese nation always consider the pros and cons when observing, analyzing and solving problems, and can foresee the development direction of things.
Evolution and development of the sense of hardship
The sense of hardship is passed down from generation to generation. Wei Zhi, a politician in Tang Dynasty? Worried? Understanding of people's mental state, according to the New Tang Book? Biography of Wei Zhi, he said? Think? So the danger is safe. Think? So chaos is the antidote. Think? So death is survival. ? Rulers can't forget the dangerous factors of the country, and only by taking precautions can society be expected to become safer; Only by considering and understanding the causes of chaos can society gradually be peaceful; If we can figure out the causes of extinction, society will become stable. In Wei Zhi's exposition, there is a certain view that the sense of hardship and social harmony are interdependent. Without the sense of urgency, there will be no social contradictions, no proper solutions and no social harmony. Therefore, for the country, that is, in a very smooth and victorious moment, should we still be modest and prudent and keep it in mind? Self-improvement? This old saying of China culture.
Here I would like to mention the famous book Zhenguan Dignitary written by Jason Wu, a historian in the Tang Dynasty. He lived from Wu Zetian to Xuanzong, saw the scene of social prosperity at that time, and also realized some social crises; Therefore, his work is not entirely a eulogy, but also contains a sense of hardship and concern for social contradictions, from which future generations can get inspiration.
Regarding the sense of hardship, people often take Fan Zhongyan, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, as the representative, asking people to read and guide their actions, which is very insightful. Fan Zhongyan has rich political and practical experience. His famous saying is: if you live in a temple, you will worry about its people; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. It's worrying about going in and going out. However, when will you be happy? It must be said: worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world. ? A question is raised here: How can a politician not change his ambition because of the change of environment? Don't change your faith because of personal gains and losses? Fan Zhongyan's answer is: to be an official in the imperial court, you must love the people; If you are not above the temple, you still have to worry about the country and the people. Only when everyone in the world has happiness and happiness can there be personal happiness. Fan Zhongyan raised China's ancient sense of hardship to the height of worrying about the country and the people, which had far-reaching influence.
The above-mentioned sense of hardship developed again in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Huang Zongxi, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, expressed his anxiety in his profound criticism of autocratic monarchy, claiming that? You are just a gentleman for the great harm in the world? Trying to find a new way for political reform. In the late Qing Dynasty, the people's sense of hardship was manifested in the patriotic trend of thought of saving the nation from extinction, which had a brand-new content.
Today, we emphasize being prepared for danger in times of peace and enhance our sense of hardship. Because it originated from the excellent culture in ancient China, it will help people to understand the sense of hardship by introducing some contents of the ancient sense of hardship. However, we should also see that the sense of hardship we advocate today is rooted in Socialism with Chinese characteristics's great practice, which embodies Scientific Outlook on Development's inherent requirements and has distinct characteristics of the times. It is not a copy of China's ancient sense of hardship, but embodied in the great goal of national rejuvenation and the establishment of a harmonious socialist society.