Su Shi in Northern Song Dynasty
Looking at Lushan Mountain from the front and side of peaks and valleys, from far, near, high and low places, Lushan Mountain presents various faces.
I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.
Brief analysis
When Su Shi was demoted from Huangzhou to Ruzhou as the deputy envoy of the Youth League Training, he passed through Jiujiang and visited Lushan Mountain. The magnificent landscape triggered a vigorous and magnificent idea, so I wrote several poems about Lushan Mountain. The title Xilinbi is a summary after visiting Lushan Mountain. It describes the various characteristics of Lushan Mountain, and points out that observation should be objective and comprehensive, and if it is subjective and one-sided, it will not draw a correct conclusion.
The first two sentences, "Looking at the mountain from the side is the peak, and the distance is different", are actually what you saw and heard when you visited the mountain. Lushan Mountain is a hilly and gully mountain with undulating peaks and valleys. Tourists are located in different places and see different scenery. These two sentences summarize and vividly write the various forms of Lushan Mountain.
The last two sentences, "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain", are the experience of reasoning on the spot and talking about traveling to the mountain. Why can't you identify the true face of Lushan Mountain? Because I am in the middle of Lushan Mountain, my vision is limited by the peaks of Lushan Mountain, and I only see one peak, one ridge, one hill and one valley of Lushan Mountain, which is one-sided and inevitably one-sided. This is what you see when you visit the mountains, and it is often the same when you observe things in the world. These two poems are rich in connotation, which enlightens us to understand a philosophy of dealing with people-because people are in different positions and have different starting points, their understanding of objective things is inevitably one-sided; To understand the truth and the whole picture, we must go beyond the narrow scope and get rid of subjective prejudice.
This is a philosophical poem by the richest man, but the poet does not discuss it abstractly, but talks about his unique feelings by tightly holding the mountain tour. With the help of the image of Lushan Mountain, he expressed philosophy in simple terms in popular language, so he was kind and natural and thought-provoking.
2. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi regarded the ridge side as the peak, and the distance was different.
I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there. A brief analysis of Su Shi's demotion from Huangzhou to Ruzhou as an assistant envoy of Youth League Training, and his tour of Lushan Mountain through Jiujiang.
The magnificent landscape triggered a vigorous and magnificent idea, so I wrote several poems about Lushan Mountain. The title Xilinbi is a summary after visiting Lushan Mountain. It describes the various characteristics of Lushan Mountain, and points out that observation should be objective and comprehensive, and if it is subjective and one-sided, it will not draw a correct conclusion.
The first two sentences, "Looking at the mountain from the side is the peak, and the distance is different", are actually what you saw and heard when you visited the mountain. Lushan Mountain is a hilly and gully mountain with undulating peaks and valleys. Tourists are located in different places and see different scenery.
These two sentences summarize and vividly write the various forms of Lushan Mountain. The last two sentences, "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain", are the experience of reasoning on the spot and talking about traveling to the mountain.
Why can't you identify the true face of Lushan Mountain? Because I am in the middle of Lushan Mountain, my vision is limited by the peaks of Lushan Mountain, and I only see one peak, one ridge, one hill and one valley of Lushan Mountain, which is one-sided and inevitably one-sided. This is what you see when you visit the mountains, and it is often the same when you observe things in the world.
These two poems are rich in connotation, which enlightens us to understand a philosophy of dealing with people-because people are in different positions and have different starting points, their understanding of objective things is inevitably one-sided; To understand the truth and the whole picture, we must go beyond the narrow scope and get rid of subjective prejudice. This is a philosophical poem by the richest man, but the poet does not discuss it abstractly, but talks about his unique feelings by tightly holding the mountain tour. With the help of the image of Lushan Mountain, he expressed philosophy in simple terms in popular language, so he was kind and natural and thought-provoking.
3. What are the ancient poems about change? 1. "There are trees in the county government. It's late and early. People don't know their names because they are on them."
Tang: Bai Juyi
Behind the yamen in Xunyang County, there are unknown trees.
In autumn, the phoenix tree falls first, and in spring, peaches and plums flourish.
It began to germinate in May and withered in August.
On the left and right are pine, cypress and laurel trees, with green seasons.
When you measure the rain and dew, it is uneven.
There are ups and downs, and heaven and earth are ruthless.
Taking care of me is similar, premature aging leads to late success.
One skeleton is few and sick, and thirty are not rich.
Hair sideburns change early, and forty white beards are born.
Who teaches two little ropes, relative to this river city?
2. White Hair
Tang: Bai Juyi
Snow hair falls with the comb, and frost hair hangs on the temples.
Add the old smell and replace the old container.
Although it is as long as paint, it is always a flawless silk.
I hate being in the mirror when my head is half black and half white.
3. He is a little white in Sheng Chao.
Song: Anonymous
White dew, morning star, autumn leaves. So, the site was destroyed, and the cold smoke was destroyed.
Palace.
Travelers on Chang 'an Road are still famous for their profits. Make a new face and kill the present,
The dragon head loses money every month.
4. "In the spring of ten thousand years, Qinchuan Shengjing fruit is extraordinary."
Yuan: Ma Yu
Qinchuan is very scenic. It's best to end up in Zhenbao Township. The bamboo path is beautiful in Meixi, and the phoenix nest is full of auspicious light. Clouds gather everywhere, and Taoist friends talk more about Taoist priests. The name of Liujiang Village was changed today. It is said that everyone is immortal.
5. "Seventy-six Poems and Fu"
Song: the concept of teacher's interpretation
This world does not move, and that world does not change.
The only solid is now in the dust.
4. Ancient poems about change 1. If you don't change your mind after being wronged, then you will know a gentleman. -Tang Li Bai's "Gift to Wei Huang Shang"
2. It can make everything brilliant, but not sad. -Tang Yuefu Department
The quality of the Committee is loyalty and trustworthiness, and the painstaking management has not changed. -Tang Jiaoran's "Answering the Chu of Shili Cao Li's Life"
4. As time goes by, favor becomes bitter. -Don Du Shen Yan "Send Doctor Gao to the North"
5. The jade color remains the same, and the well water does not move. -Tang Yuanzhen's "Reward is Never Used"
6. The mixture is changeable and suddenly looks like dust in the wind. -Tang Yuanzhen's work "Lotte to Fan"
7. Look at the stars in the sky during the day and everything will change. -Tang Yuanzhen's "With Wine"
8. Despite all the changes, the Committee remains the same. -Don Bai Juyi's Song of Helplessness
9. Peach blossoms are hard to cure for a thousand years, and mulberry gardens are hard to find. -Tang Luobin Wang's "Dai Nv Taoist Wang gave Taoist Li Rong"
10. The change of Sangtian is still there. He will always be born in the world. -Don Lv Yan's seven words
1 1. -Don Xu Xuan, "Climbing the Mountain at Nine Sunset"
12. The language of new poetry is safe to use and changes with the east wind. -Su Song Shi's "Dengzhou Haicheng"
13. I don't know if the frost has entered the small garden, so I changed the rhythm of poetry to greetings. -Stone's "Lotus Tree Peony in Ancient Winter"
5. Ancient poetry talks about change, grievances do not change, and then know the gentleman.
-Tang Li Bai "Giving Wei can make everything brilliant, but it cannot be changed. -Don Yuan Jie's Yuefu Department Loyalty and hard work are the foundation.
-Tang Jiaoran's Answer to Cao Li's Songs of Chu He was fine before his death. Time urged him to travel far, and his honor became bitter and bitter. -Don Du Shen Yan's "Send Doctor Gao to the North" has the same jade color, and well water cannot be scraped.
-Tang Yuanzhen's "Reward for Nothing" is varied and suddenly like dust in the wind. -Tang, "With Lotte to Fan" See you in the sky, everything changes.
-Tang Yuanzhen's "There is Wine" is ever-changing, changeable and consistent. -Tang Bai Juyi's "Song of Helplessness" Peach blossoms are hard to cure for thousands of years, and mulberry fields are hard to find.
-Tang Luobin Wang's "A Generation of Female Taoist Wang Zhi Taoist Li Rong" Sangtian changes still exist and will last forever. -Tang Luyan's "Seven-character Poems", the wind and smoke don't change old, and eventually the forest is old.
-Tang Xu Xuanxin's poem "Nine Falls Up the Mountain" is safe to use, and it changes with the east wind. -Su Song's poem "Poem on Zhou Hai" did not distinguish first frost from Xiaoyuan, so it changed the poetic law to coldness.
-Stone's Lotus Tree Ancient Winter Peony.
6. Changes of Su Shi's poems before and after Wutai Poetry Case First of all, in terms of subject matter, his previous works mainly reflected Su Shi's "specific political worries", and then his works focused on "broad life worries".
Su Dongpo, in his own words, his attitude towards life has always been hatred of evil. When it comes to evil, he means "spit it out like a fly in Taiwan Province." In Hangzhou, in a poem dedicated to Wenzhong Kong, he showed contempt for the powerful officialdom: "I am an elk, but I am afraid I am not superior."
Not only that, he groaned for the prisoners in the prison and swallowed for the elderly who had no clothes or food. When he wrote rural pastoral poetry, the title was "Wu Zhong Tian Tan": "Sweating shirtless, the price is as low as chaff.
Selling cattle to pay taxes and demolishing houses is not as superficial as going hungry next year "; He also wrote about farmers' food when he sang "Spring is everywhere in the mountains". The bamboo shoots eaten by farmers are not salty, just because "there is no salt in March", pointing to the monopoly of the court; He wrote that the recruited people dug canals to pick up salt boats, and his brushwork was sharper: "People are like ducks and pigs, throwing mud and splashing water"; He accused the court of being poor and weak, and he longed for "the king of Yao and Shun" and one day "bow like a full moon, look at the northwest and shoot Sirius". He asked, "When will Feng Tang be sent to the clouds?" He is frivolous: "Who is afraid? A misty rain is a lifetime! " However, "the world is a big dream. Life is cool in autumn. "
Dongpo's flowing works triggered Wutai poetry case. After the dream, Huangzhou's relegated life made him "ironic and cruel, sharp in writing style, nervous and angry, all of which have disappeared and replaced by a brilliant warmth, kindness, tolerance and harmony." Very sweet and mature, very thorough and deep. "
When playing chess, he realized: "If you play, you will win or lose, and if you play, there will be nothing." . Between the secluded forests and mountains, he was suddenly enlightened: "Qian Shan plays the flute at night, and the road is dark and beautiful.
I don't know if people are changing the world, and wine has no home. "He is no longer obsessed with" struggling with the ambition at that time "but" the ship died and Jiang Hai sent the rest of his life. "
Therefore, when Su Shi roamed Chibi, he was faced with "the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains" and lamented that "everything between heaven and earth has its own master, and it is understood by the world." He floated to independence and just wanted to be a lonely flood: "I refuse to live if I collect all the cold branches, and the lonely sandbar is cold."
Secondly, culturally, Confucianism was advocated in the early stage and Taoism in the later stage. In the early stage, I was eager to achieve success on the road of being an official. Even if he has the heart to "go home", he will "return to heaven and earth like a boat" and "return home after success"
He has a sense of social responsibility advocated by Confucianism, and he is deeply concerned about the sufferings of the people: "Autumn crops are not full of eyes, and wheat seeds are scarce. I am always ashamed of the people of this country, and I have a thorn in my skin.
Life is 5,000 volumes, and there is no word to save hunger "; He is eager to show his greatness on the battlefield. "Why is there no frost on his temples? "When will Feng Tang be sent to the clouds?" Especially in Xuzhou, Michigan, his spirit of joining the WTO has always been very strong. In his political essays, Su Shi repeatedly expounded the thought of "Heaven is healthy and gentlemen strive for self-improvement" in the Book of Changes, hoping that "the son of heaven will make great efforts to strengthen himself one day" and actively reform and shout for reform.
Later, especially after being demoted twice, he advocated Taoist culture more and returned to Buddhism in an attempt to get rid of religion. He realized that he and the court dignitaries were "not a family".
The so-called "fame and fortune" that people are pursuing is already "frosty and disheartened" to him, so he can only bury himself in hard work and has no lofty ambition of "looking at the northwest and shooting at wolves". "The poor ape jumped into the forest, and the horse was exhausted." For Su Dongpo, who experienced the ups and downs of his official career, he uttered the truest sigh from the bottom of his heart, "Worrying about a southeast snow, how clear is life?" Inspired by Buddhism's "normal mind is the Tao", he lived a real peasant life in Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou, and enjoyed it.
When the Queen Mother allowed him to live near Taihu Lake, he was overjoyed: "I sent the west wind in my dream for ten years, and this trip is really for Tian She Weng." Finally, he can travel by boat. He is "wandering in vain."
After a long drought, Su Dongpo was as happy and satisfied as the farmer. He wrote a poem: "it rains three feet, naturally unintentional and unpredictable." I'll forget it and go to bed. I will lie down and listen to the people on the wall.
Rotten scholars have worked hard for a hundred years, and farming is not pitied by the public. It will be regarded as a thousand steps across the northwest mountain spring.
Everyone knows that I have no money. Thirdly, in style, the previous works are magnificent and unrestrained, like a flood bursting its banks; Later works are ethereal and meaningful, simple and light as deep willows, and the flowers in Pak Lei are far away.
As far as ci is concerned, there are not many works that really belong to the bold style. According to Mr. Zhu Jinghua's statistics, similar works accounted for about one-tenth of all Su Mian's ci works, and most of them were concentrated in Xuzhou, Mizhou, which was the mainstream of creation at that time: "There are thousands of words in writing and ten thousand volumes in your chest, which makes you Yao and Shun. What's so hard about this? " Why don't you hide in my place and watch at leisure when you are using reason? He was healthy, but he died young, and he was sharp-edged before the war; A song "Hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou" can never be sung leisurely with "seventeen or eighteen women with red fangs", but must be sung with "Dongzhou strong men standing up their palms, playing flute and drums as a festival, which is quite spectacular." Although these works are not dominant in quantity, they truly reflect Su Shi's positive attitude towards being an official at that time.
Some later works have both the style of local people's feelings and the charm of hospitality. For example, it is almost all-encompassing, colorful and lyrical, remembering the scenery, nostalgic feelings, giving gifts away, pastoral scenery and talking about Zen.
This part accounts for about nine times out of ten of Su Shi's whole poems. Although there is also a big sigh that "the world is like a dream, a bottle is still on the moon", it is more of a small regret that "the flower wine stand has come and gone, and a little bit of bitterness has blossomed". He fled his official career and began to wait and see nature: "The forest is broken, the mangosteen is hidden, and the cicada is singing in the pond." He found it more and more difficult to bear the pain in his heart with words: "It is difficult to whisper the deep meaning in front of people"; He integrated nature and human beings: "spring scenery is divided into three parts, dust is divided into two parts, and running water is divided into one part."
In detail, it seems that it is not a small flower, but a drop of tears. "In the meantime, Zhuangzi and Cheng Die have forgotten everything.
At this point, he put.
7. Summarize the changes of Su Shi's poetic style and the corresponding major events in Su Shi's life. Stylistically, the previous works are magnificent and unrestrained, such as a flood bursting its banks and a thousand miles; Later works are ethereal and meaningful, simple and light, such as Deep Willow and White Pear Flower.
As far as ci is concerned, there are not many works that really belong to the bold style. According to Mr. Zhu Jinghua's statistics, similar works accounted for about one-tenth of all Su Shi's poems, and most of them were concentrated in Xuzhou, Mizhou, which was the mainstream of creation at that time. Although these works are not dominant in quantity, they truly reflect Su Shi's positive attitude towards being an official at that time.
Some later works have both the style of local people's feelings and the charm of hospitality. For example, it is almost all-encompassing, colorful and lyrical, remembering the scenery, nostalgic feelings, giving gifts away, pastoral scenery and talking about Zen.
This part accounts for about nine times out of ten of Su Shi's whole poems, and it is full of Zhuangzi, which turned into a butterfly and I forgot everything. At this point, he expelled all dissatisfaction with reality and politics, hysterical rants, and criticisms that criticized the shortcomings of the times.
Its subject matter is more and more extensive, and its style is more and more plain and far-reaching. Su Shi's ci style can be divided into three categories: one is bold style, which is the ideal style that Su Shi deliberately pursues.
He is full, passionate and even slightly sad, and writes the numbers to win with generous and heroic images and magnificent scenes. 2. Broad-minded style This is the most representative of Su Shi's thought and personality characteristics, expressing the poet's desire to retire, avoid troubled times and look forward to peace.
3. Graceful Style The number of graceful words of Su Shi accounts for an absolute proportion in the total number of words. These words are pure and profound in feelings and healthy and lofty in style, and they are also the inheritance and development of traditional graceful words. Life events: 1056 (the first year of Jiayou), Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time at the age of 2/kloc-0.
The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with an article on loyalty to punishment, but Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought it was his disciple Ceng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, he had to come second. 106 1 year (in the sixth year of Jiayou), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third class of "the first in a hundred years", and was awarded the position of judge and book signing in Fengxiang Prefecture, Dali.
Later, when his mother died in Bianjing, Ding returned to his hometown. 1069 (the second year of Xining) returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed.
When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law.
The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty. On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, and because of his conservative political thoughts, he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach to politics and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it.
As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
From then on, Su Shi misunderstood Wang Anshi and other reformists all his life. Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After leaving office, he was transferred to Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong Province), Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places as well-known county magistrates.
Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people. This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life.
At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems, and made a big fuss in the name of satirizing the new law. 1079 (in the second year of Yuanfeng), Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned less than three months after he arrived in Huzhou. He was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law and "slandering the monarch", which is called "Wutai Poetry Case" in history.
Su Shi was imprisoned 103 days and was on the verge of beheading several times. Thanks to Mao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi was spared.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to be Ying Yong's assistant in Huangzhou (now Huanggang City, Hubei Province) (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is rather humble and has no real power. At this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this campaign. After Su Shi came to power, his mood was low. He visited Chibi Mountain outside Huangzhou City for many times, and wrote down such famous articles as Before and After the Red Cliff Fu, Night Tour in Chengtian Temple, and Niannujiao Nostalgia for Chibi to pay tribute to him.
Yu led his family to reclaim a sloping land in the east of the city and farm to supplement their livelihood. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".
In Song Shenzong (1084, the seventh year of Yuanfeng), Su Shi left Huangzhou and worked in Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately.
Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he insisted on returning to Changzhou, Zongshen died.
Young Zhezong ascended the throne, the empress dowager listened to politics, the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. Su Shi returned to the post of assistant minister of the DPRK and went to Dengzhou (Penglai).
Four months later, the doctor was recalled to North Korea. Mr. Scheeren was promoted to power, Mr. Scheeren was promoted to Zhongshu three months later, and soon he was promoted to imperial academy (the minister who drafted the imperial edict for the emperor, who had Taoist skills) and did not do it again.
Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that his so-called "Wang Dang" was just birds of a feather, and once again made suggestions to the emperor. He attacked the corruption exposed after the old Party came to power, which aroused strong opposition from conservative forces and was falsely accused and framed.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect.
Su Shi dredged the West Lake in Daxing, Hangzhou, and built the famous "Su Causeway" by the West Lake with dredged silt. Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty.
But in 109 1 year (six years in Yuan You), he was recalled to North Korea. But soon, due to political discord, Yingzhou (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province) was released.
1093 (eight years), the Empress Dowager Gao died, Zhezong came to power, and the new party came to power again. In June of the following year, she was demoted to Ningyuan Army and then to Huiyang (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province). 1097。