Kong Wenzi, surnamed Kong Mingxiao, is a doctor of Weiguo. Zi Gong asked Confucius: Why did Kong Kui give him the word "Wen" after his death, which means that a person has been doing things all his life, how can he be called "Wen"? Confucius said: being quick and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions, is based on what is said. "A person who is smart and eager to learn, is not afraid to be embarrassed and ask questions if he doesn't understand, and even if he asks for advice from someone who is not as good as himself, he is not ashamed. Such a person can be called" Wen ".
since the Zhou dynasty, the emperors, generals and celebrities have been given a final verdict. This is a very prudent thing, which is unique to China's history and culture. Even the emperor can't escape the praise and criticism of the posthumous law. This is the spirit of China culture in the Spring and Autumn Period, which makes future generations remember this profound feature.
Zi chan was a famous prime minister and politician in history. Confucius admired him very much and said that he had four special ways of being a gentleman. Managing oneself is very respectful, serving the monarch is very respectful, and developing the economy enables the people to get their support and benefits, so the people are grateful to him. When he gives orders, he obeys them.
Confucius took Zi chan as an example. A good administrative official must be strict with himself, be diligent in doing things, show respect to the superior, and show kindness to the inferior, so that people can live and work in peace and contentment and obey laws and regulations.
after Confucius gave birth to his son, he commented on Yan Pingzhong, the sage of Qi. "Historical Records and Biography of Guan Yan" mentioned that Yan Zi's driver came home one day and his wife asked for a divorce. The coachman asked why, and his wife said, I saw you driving Yan Zi through the door under the door today. Yan Zi was so short, became a prime minister, became a famous vassal, and was still simple and unpretentious. And you are eight feet tall, just his servant, but you look high-spirited and self-satisfied. You are such a hopeless person, so I want a divorce. After listening to these words, Yan Zi's driver immediately changed his mind. He was humble in mechanics and changed his driving the next day. Confucius admired his attitude towards making friends. He is very good at making friends with others. The longer he keeps friendship, the more respectful and courteous he is to others, and the more respected others are to him.
Zang Wenzhong is a doctor of Lu, the country of Confucius' parents. His name is Zang Sun Shi. The word "ju" here has the same meaning as the word "ju" in the idiom "hoarding". Cai is chinemys reevesii. Confucius said: Zang Wenzhong built a house in his home and offered this tortoise shell. This house for tortoiseshell is very beautiful. "Algae on the mountain" is an ancient wooden building with mountains and rivers carved on its beams and columns. "Algae" is a seaweed-shaped pattern relief. "Ban" is the place to pick up the ban. In order to provide a turtle, a building was specially built at home, and it was so beautiful, gorgeous and luxurious. Most people think that Zang Wenzhong is very wise and knowledgeable. Confucius said, "How can you know it?" This "knowledge" reads "wisdom". Confucius thought Zang Wenzhong was too ignorant to do this, almost ignorant.
Lingyin is the official name, equivalent to the prime minister, and Ziwen is the title. Lingyin Ziwen was a famous prime minister of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with the surname Dou and the famous valley Yu Tu. Zi Zhang asked Confucius: Lingyin Ziwen was appointed as Lingyin for three times, but he didn't smile. He stepped down and dismissed his official for three times, and he didn't look sad. What you have done, you must tell the successor in detail. What about this person? Confucius said: he is responsible for the loyalty of the country and is a loyal minister of the country. Q: Have you reached the realm of benevolence? A: Benevolence knows nothing, how can it reach the realm of benevolence?
Confucius set the realm of benevolence so high that few people can reach it.
Cui Yao, the doctor of Qi, rebelled and killed Zhuang Gong, the king of Qi. Chen Wenzi was also a doctor of Qi and worked with Cui Zi. He owned a huge fortune ("horse ten times" means ten carriages and forty horses. ) I couldn't stand Cui Zi's rebellion, threw away all my huge property and fled Qi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, every country was in chaos. When he visited other countries, he said that the ministers of this country were all bastards, just like Cui Zi of Qi, so he left again. When he arrived in another country, he said: Those ministers are just like Cui Zi, and there are no good things! And left again. Zi Zhang asked Confucius, teacher, what do you think of a man like Chen Wenzi? Confucius said that it is very lofty. Q: Have you reached the realm of benevolence? A: I don't know what benevolence is, how can I reach the realm of benevolence.
Ji Wen Zi's surname is Ji Ji Sun's, and his name is Xing Fu, Shi Wen, and he is a doctor of Lu. Do things too carefully, too carefully. "Think twice before you act", a thing, after thinking and thinking, is called "think twice". When Confucius heard his attitude, he said, just think about it and think about it again. Sometimes you can take action when both sides are considered, and if you think too much, it will spoil the boat.
Ning Wuzi was a famous doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period. His surname was Ji Ningshi and his name was Yu. Wu was his posthumous title. Confucius said that Ning Wuzi was politically on the right track, and his wisdom and talents were brought into full play. When the country is in chaos, he acts stupid and dull, as if he is ignorant of everything. His intelligent performance can still be achieved by others in governing the world, but it is difficult to achieve his stupid performance in troubled times.
Confucius traveled around the world, and when he was in the state of Chen, he said, Go home! Why don't you go home The young people who follow them are quite heroic. It's too easy to see what's going on in the world. Although they have good literary talent and opinions, they don't know how to choose. This article may be that Confucius decided to return to China to give lectures after encountering difficulties between Chen and Cai, so he issued this "declaration" to explain his attitude towards some people or things when he returned to China to give lectures.
Boyi and Shu Qi were supposed to be monarchs, but they all gave in. Boyi is the boss and Shu Qi is the third. The boss gave way to the third, and the third didn't do it. As a result, both of them escaped, so the second reluctantly assumed the political power. Confucius said: Boyi and Shu Qi have the virtue of not thinking about old evils. If they don't hold a grudge and forgive others, their enmity will be gone, and the bad guys will gradually be influenced by them.
Confucius worked as a scout in the state of Lu, and killed Shao Zhengmao as soon as he came to power. His resolute and vigorous action inevitably caused some political grievances. Now that I'm going back to China to give lectures, I can put my political grievances behind me. Someone is sorry for me, don't take it to heart, let him go.
weishenggao, surnamed weishenggao, is a native of Lu. People say that weishenggao is very straightforward. Confucius said: How can we say that Wei Shenggao is from honest and frank? Someone asked him for a cup of vinegar, but he didn't have it, so he went to another house to ask for a cup of vinegar and then passed it on to this friend who wanted vinegar. Confucius thinks that such behavior is good and loyal, but it is not straight. People who are straight have it, but they don't have it. If they turn this corner slightly, they can't be considered straight.
For example, when a friend comes to borrow money, he happens to have no money, so he turns to others to lend it to his friend. Confucius thought that this was not a straight behavior.