World Expo 185 1 first opened in London, England, and 158 years have passed. Looking back, we can count the symbols that once represented human modern industrial civilization and social progress. These signs are both physical objects and ideas, which were presented at the World Expo for the first time, so they are called "Everything starts from the World Expo", which shows that the World Expo is a window for collection, invention, display and discovery, a platform for people to communicate and talk at zero distance, a "thinker" who explores human civilization, and a creative source of innovation and breakthrough. The concept and creativity of "starting from the World Expo" have promoted the development of science, the promotion of civilization and the progress of society, and also created the behavior and a better life of contemporary people, so that we can share the fruits of progress, innovation and communication. This is the purpose of the World Expo. Therefore, I understand that everything started with the World Expo, which showed the enterprising and wisdom of mankind, and everything returned to society, gave back to the world and served mankind. This is the theme of my speech.
At the beginning of the Expo, Shanghai was only eight years old. Shanghai today is a metropolis with a population of190,000. /kloc-We had this dream 0/00 years ago, that is, Shanghai will host the World Expo. Now, this dream has come true, which makes the 20 10 World Expo have so many "beginnings" that it goes down in history, so I think the Shanghai World Expo is worth studying together.
This World Expo is not only the largest city in a developing country, but also the largest park area, the largest number of exhibitors, and the largest number of independent national pavilions and characteristic pavilions. I think what deserves our attention is to focus the world's attention on the city as the social matrix for the first time. This World Expo has established the theme of "Better City, Better Life", taking the city as the exhibition theme for the first time, and opened up a unique exhibition mode of "Urban Best Practice Area", which is a contemporary version of "Starting from the World Expo" and a unique way. "Better city, better life" is not only our common vision, but also a subject that needs to be solved in today's world. Next, we need to ask cities how to make life better. I think there is a subtext behind this, that is, our life is not beautiful enough or even beautiful in many aspects. We obviously feel that the image of the city as a cultural carrier is drifting away, and this excited material desire makes the cultural outlook of the city pale and haggard. In addition, excessive development and construction and self-proclaimed "beautiful" behavior actually caused the overdraft of resources and faced the challenge of "supply interruption". The environment and ecology are damaged beyond repair, and the living environment is deteriorated and unsustainable. The prevalence of "urban disease" has caused the suppression of living space, the reduction of efficiency, the sky filled with haze and threatened physical and mental health. All these situations make people in the city "beautiful".
We should solve these problems in urban development, and a better life still needs to find answers and explore paths in the city. Therefore, in the practice of urban reform and innovation, people who come to the city can not only live, but also live better. Therefore, we hope that the theme of "Better City, Better Life" can be interpreted wonderfully at the 20 10 Shanghai World Expo. This theme belongs to Shanghai first. Of course, it also belongs to China, to the world and to each of us. Let's interpret such a theme together.
I. Pluralistic communication and special culture
At the beginning of the first chapter of the Convention on International Exhibitions, it is pointed out that the World Expo is an exhibition activity, which can show the means that human beings have mastered to meet the needs of civilization, the progress that human beings have made through struggle in one or more fields, or look forward to the future.
The Shanghai World Expo is the same as the previous World Expo. Participants will show their unique skills and miracles with their own ideas and experiences, and explain how cities can make life better. Today, with the development of history, cities have also evolved into the contemporary era. Obviously, people's appeal is not that the city provides physical living conditions, but that city of hope can nourish life at the cultural, ecological and social levels and create a good living environment and a harmonious humanistic atmosphere.
One of the problems that cities are difficult to be beautiful now is the lack of urban culture and the crisis of characteristics. Human cultural heritage records the footprint of human civilization. In particular, these classics and fine products listed in the world cultural heritage list contain many buildings in urban blocks. We have many city streets, squares and buildings, all of which are listed in the world cultural heritage list of mankind. But now, with the globalization of economy, the opening of cities, cultural exchanges, the mobility of planners and architects, and the popularization of material technology, the materials and technologies used by everyone are almost the same. We see that cities around the world are more and more similar, streets are more and more similar and buildings are more and more the same. Are cities and the world like this? At that time, Mr. Liang Sicheng pointed out that the standard design of our current residential area is too unified. "Children can't find a home when they cry." I wonder, in the future, will people in the world encounter the embarrassment of where to call home and what city to call home? This is a question of whether to recognize the diversity of cultures and whether to maintain their own cultural characteristics in the process of cultural exchange. This is a global problem, but also a problem with urban characteristics.
In 2005, UNESCO adopted the International Convention for the Protection of the Diversity of Cultural Contents and Artistic Expressions, which was signed by about 65,438+084 countries. It passed smoothly, with only two countries opposing it and all others agreeing. These two countries, one is the United States and the other is Israel. It is said that the United States is worried that if it signs the Cultural Diversity Protection Contract, it will probably hinder the export of American culture, so the United States will not sign it, and the other is Israel. In this convention, it is confirmed that cultural diversity is the basic feature of mankind and the principle of common heritage of mankind. Cultural diversity creates a colorful world. We agree with this principle. That's understandable, at least that's what I understand. Diversity lies in differences, each with its own characteristics. Imagine that if there is a lack of characteristics and convergence, and there is no genetic difference except cloning and replication, there is no need for communication and dialogue. Because everyone is the same, what else do you communicate? There is no need for dialogue, and there is no integrated development. Therefore, based on this understanding, we adhere to a principle determined in the site selection of the China Pavilion of the Shanghai World Expo, and hope that the China Pavilion can have China characteristics and contain China elements. China Pavilion is the technical support of China Architectural Society, so when choosing the scheme, we determined such a principle.
To our relief, the China Pavilion of the Shanghai World Expo did not show the similarity in form and the ambiguity in identity that everyone was worried about. Judging from the plans put forward by various countries and the theme of on-site architecture, the architectural language and visual effects used by various national pavilions can be said to be unconventional, highly competitive, unique and unique. When appreciating these works, we should pay more attention to studying and interpreting the connotation of his appearance. The content of the situation and the humanistic appeal and embodiment in the process of showing off skills. They consciously shape their own image, strive to show their identity, swear their ideas and creativity, and show their spirit and temperament. In this process, they jointly interpret the theme of "Better City, Better Life".
We feel the cultural diversity, cultural characteristics and cultural exchanges through the carrier of General Zero Zero National Pavilion and buildings, as well as the confidence and beauty of urban life interpreted by these buildings. Therefore, I think this is a very important legacy for the future and Shanghai.
China Pavilion displays the cultural image of China's development with China elements and solemn atmosphere. The idea of a small castle surrounded by green trees next to the Luxembourg Pavilion is a report in the forest. Use this idea to show your identity and that you are the green heart of Europe. Great spirit, small charm. The colors used on the walls of the Australia Pavilion remind people of the wild beauty of Australia. The USA Pavilion looks beautiful, exquisite and full of life. Different styles, different skin, but they are all so wonderful. The Korean Pavilion takes Korean characters as an element of architectural modeling, which not only expresses its identity, because Koreans use such characters, but also reflects the important role of characters in cultural exchanges and communication between countries. The Japanese Pavilion uses silkworms to symbolize the cultural exchange between China and Japan. Both sides are orientals and our close neighbors, but their expressions are different. The Russian Pavilion, with red, gold and white towers, is an architectural version of Russian folk dance. Red, gold and white represent beauty, prosperity and purity respectively, which is very Russian. The German Pavilion is four different changeable forms, which form a harmonious theme and embody the rigorous and rational style of the Germans. The porcelain exterior wall of the Austrian Pavilion symbolizes that China exports porcelain to Europe and returns to its hometown. Saudi Pavilion, which means Maritime Silk Road, connects China and Arabia, two ancient civilizations. Israel is two linearly flowing buildings. The Norwegian Pavilion is supported by big columns, which seems to see the forests of northern Europe. Finland Pavilion, meaning Ice Lake. The United Arab Emirates is called a sand dune. Pakistan, the design is inspired by the World Cultural Heritage Castle. The Singapore Pavilion consists of two elements, water and garden, forming the shape of a music box. When you enter it, it seems that you are enjoying the symphony of the city. The Dutch Pavilion on the right shows the eight-shaped Happy Street, where you can appreciate the streets and elegant demeanor of the Netherlands. Swiss Pavilion, using degradable resin and protein materials, displays new technologies and materials. The Spanish Pavilion is also made of environmentally friendly materials, such as a wicker frame woven with thousands of wickers, which can naturally ventilate and light.
I especially want to talk about the British Pavilion, which is very strange. It is a furry alternative building with 70,000 tentacles eight meters long, which can swing with the wind like a living group. Each color of beard will change with the light source. How can this building be associated with Britain? What does it have to do with Britain? In fact, the pursuit of originality has always been the focus of British cultural trends and policy orientation. So I think the reason why it is a British pavilion lies in its context and the pursuit of cultural creativity in Britain. 1998 and 200 1 year, the British government issued the path documents of British cultural and creative industries, and identified advertising, artworks, software, computer services and other 13 industries as creative industries to encourage bold innovation.
We can see that there are three most authoritative creative theorists in the world in terms of urban creative theory, and the first one in the industry is Charles Landry, a British scholar. His masterpiece, Creative City, is a reference book for urban innovation. He proposed, what are the new urban planning strategies and methods? He said: "Examine how people in cities think, plan and act creatively. Explore how to use people's imagination and talents to make our city more livable and dynamic. " I think this is his context. The country encourages you to be creative, and many theoretical studies are ahead of the world, which is why there is such a British pavilion. Knowing this, it is not difficult for us to understand why the British Pavilion comes from Britain and represents Britain.
Generally speaking, the venue construction of Shanghai World Expo, including pavilions in various countries and regions, presents us with a wonderful architectural exposition and gives us enlightenment and lessons. In the process of communication and integration, we don't have to worry too much about the disappearance of characteristics and the interruption of tradition. Things will always adjust their direction in development. Seeing that everyone is converging, they will adjust and will not converge.
In the process of practice collision, people have reached a consensus that in the process of communication and dialogue between different cultures, we should not only tolerate the existence of different civilizations, but also inherit our own cultural traditions, not only learn from advanced and successful experiences, but also develop and display ourselves, reflecting cultural sovereignty for our use. If so, our characteristics will have new contents, traditions will develop and innovate, and cultures of different regions and nationalities will be more elegant and wonderful. The Shanghai World Expo has made a good start in this regard. I believe that it will definitely repay the society, urban planning and architectural design, and our city will definitely become better.
Second, low-carbon and green actions
The core value of the World Expo is innovation. From 1933, we know that 1933 Chicago World Expo first decided to have a theme. The theme of Chicago is the century of progress. In the past half century, all world expositions have to define distinct themes, which are related to the theme of human development, and these themes are clearly oriented. We have noticed that in the past 50 years, more than two-thirds of the themes of about 20 World Expos are related to the earth, ecology and human settlements.
1962 man in the age of the universe, 1967 man and the world, 1970 human progress and harmony, 1974 environment, 1975 ocean and so on. It's all related to the living environment. 1985 has two sessions. Until 2008 in Spain, the theme was "water and sustainable development".
More than two-thirds of them are related to ecology and environment. Obviously, through these themes, we can verify that environment and ecology have become the most concerned themes in the world today. The theme of Shanghai World Expo is "Better City, Better Life". I think the beauty of this theme lies in the trend of "better", which makes life better and has an expectation. Therefore, the World Expo is not only culture, but also ecology and green. Shanghai is a city that is extremely short of energy. Under the guidance of the national scientific development strategy, Shanghai proposed a low-carbon development model, and launched more than 200 major scientific and technological projects in the fields of industry, transportation, resource recycling and low-carbon practice, which laid a technical foundation and technical support for low-carbon development. Shanghai is listed by WWF as one of the first two pilot cities for the development of low-carbon cities in China.
It can be said that Shanghai's low-carbon mode path has been clearly visible. 20 10 Shanghai World Expo pays great attention to the ecological environment around the world. The World Climate Summit held in Copenhagen last year was also the practice of Shanghai to plan scientific development and embark on a low-carbon road. We held the World Expo. In all aspects of the World Expo process, such as site selection, layout, architecture, public facilities, transportation and services, we should adhere to the principle of ecological priority, which should be the meaning of the theme of "Better City, Better Life".
In July 2009, the Shanghai World Expo Coordination Bureau and the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau jointly issued the environmental assessment report of the Shanghai World Expo, which is an important signal for the organizers to hold a green World Expo. In August, the United Nations Joint Programme released the environmental assessment report of the Shanghai World Expo, which affirmed the green efforts and low-carbon measures of the Shanghai World Expo. Therefore, we have reason to believe that the Shanghai World Expo is also an environmental protection event focusing on low-carbon experiments and green actions, with many highlights.
First of all, I think it's the location. The location of the Shanghai World Expo is very strategic. Choosing the old industrial transformation area in the city center not only conforms to the theme of the city, but also promotes and realizes the organic renewal of the old city, activates the decaying old city center and makes it beautiful again.
This is a kind of wisdom and courage. At present, the park is located in the manufacturing areas of modern steel and manufacturing industries in Shanghai and China, and it is mainly an industrial area and dock area with ships as the main part. Problems such as chaotic layout and land shortage within 5.28 kilometers are becoming increasingly prominent, involving the transformation of old areas and the protection of industrial heritage. It is very challenging to choose such an area as the Expo park. Park planners and decision makers did not use the usual bulldozing method to misappropriate the site. Instead, in line with the concept of respecting history, cities and resources, we will try our best to protect, utilize and transform the old buildings and modern industrial heritage of the site in addition to relocating some factories and residents. It is estimated that 380,000 square meters of buildings will be included in the protection scope, and 250,000 square meters of original industrial workshops will be transformed into venues and supporting houses. This not only makes the old city of 5.28 square kilometers look brand-new, but also promotes the greater vitality and perfect urban functions of Puxi City in Pudong. The new ecological corridor of 654.38+100,000 square meters will greatly improve the ecological quality in this area. In addition, many public works of art will be arranged in the future, which will also make this once gray cultural corner a beautiful landscape (Forum News). The site selection concept of Shanghai World Expo will surely become a model of urban renewal with far-reaching influence. Site selection is very wise and challenging. The measures taken are very good.
Second, the wide application of green technology has directly created a green park with low carbon emissions. Whether it is infrastructure or single building, whether it is a permanent building or a temporary venue, whether it is a new building or an old building, designers have adopted advanced and effective technologies and materials in energy saving, emission reduction, resource saving and environmental load reduction. The whole Expo site embodies the concept of low-carbon Expo. There are at least three aspects. The first is the traffic in the park. Adopt the planning concept of zero emission to establish a hydrogen refueling station. More than 65,438+0,000 supercapacitor vehicles and fuel cell vehicles are used to solve traffic problems. Second, in the choice of energy, we should adjust measures to local conditions, and integrate photovoltaic and photothermal, as well as wind energy, geothermal energy and water source heat. , for the city to establish a new energy structure to do exploration experiments. Thirdly, in green buildings, technology is better, and it has been integrated in many aspects, such as energy saving, water saving, material saving, interview ventilation, external insulation, rainwater recycling and so on, some of which began in Shanghai World Expo.
The theme pavilion has the largest ecological green wall in the world, covering an area of 50,000 square meters. The largest green wall of the Aichi World Expo before, we are twice as big as it. In addition, the Urban Exploration Pavilion, one of the five theme pavilions, was transformed from the main building of an old power plant and adopted many green technologies. This may be the first green building transformed from an old factory building in China. The Expo Center can be called the winner of green technology, with good energy-saving and water-saving effects. The energy saving rate is as high as 62.8%, the utilization rate of non-traditional water resources is 6 1.3%, miscellaneous water accounts for 76.7% of domestic water consumption, the utilization rate of recycled rainwater can reach 30,000 cubic meters, and the program-controlled micro-irrigation system can save water by 50% to 70%.
Third, the launch of the urban best practice area is a collective appearance of green action. The urban best practice area, which started in Shanghai World Expo, is the highlight of Expo 20 10. This is also the old city, the old neighborhood, with clear planning intentions. On the one hand, it will provide excellent practice cases for countries, and at the same time, the practice area itself will become the best practice case. The best practice area retains industrial buildings, accounting for more than 60% of the total buildings in the area, which reflects the restoration, transformation and utilization under the premise of protection. It is endowed with new functions, energy saving and environmental protection, and embedded with some cultural and fashionable elements, which not only retains the historical genes, but also shows the spirit of the times. There are 56 cities in 28 countries, of which 15 cities have physical exhibitions. This exhibition area allows everyone to share the ideas and experiences of successful practices in various countries and regions, and can also satisfy visitors' personal experience and on-site feelings. This is a concentrated exhibition block of new ideas, new ideas, new materials, new products, new technologies and new processes for urban development, a "model room" for interpreting the theme of the Expo, and a collective appearance of green action. Here, I think there are many details that deserve a good look. Like buildings in Germany, the energy saving rate is as high as 90%. We say that buildings consume electricity, but they can generate electricity. Very airtight, can keep the air fresh. Including maintaining indoor constant temperature and striving for high comfort, all have good performance. I think the exhibits in Shanghai are also a collection of energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, 70% of which are mature and simple technologies, and 30% are forward-looking and guiding technologies. These technologies reflect the advanced and practical things of Shanghai and even the whole country's housing industry modernization, and are also worth seeing.
There is also a special recommendation for British architecture. The original is in the suburb of London, England. This is an award-winning project called Zero Emission Building. Now I have moved to Shanghai and moved to the best urban practice area. You won't have to go to London to attend this very famous building, which will surprise you. There is also a bicycle city to be built in Copenhagen, which will be carbon neutral and zero carbon in 2025. There are many projects that will surprise you. I believe that the urban best practice area starting from the Shanghai World Expo, together with many excellent cases, will certainly achieve intuitive good cases.
Good bird upstairs, goodbye. Landlord, look at mine