Introduction to Lu Xun
Lu Xun (September 25, 1881 - October 19, 1936) was a Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary.
His original name was Zhou Shuren, his courtesy name was Hencai, and he was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born into a run-down feudal family. In his youth, he was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche
Superman philosophy and Tolstoy's thought of philanthropy. In 1902, he went to Japan to study. He originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College and later engaged in literary and artistic work in an attempt to change the national spirit. From 1905 to 1907, he participated in the activities of the revolutionary party and published papers such as "On the Power of Moro Poetry" and "On Cultural Partiality". During this period, he returned to China to marry his wife Zhu
An at the behest of his mother. In 1909, together with his brother Zhou Zuoren, he co-translated "Collection of Foreign Novels" to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a minister and minister of education in the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Beijing Government. He also taught at Peking University, Women's Normal University and other schools. In May 1918, he published the first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman" in the history of modern Chinese literature using the pen name of "Lu Xun" for the first time, laying the foundation for the New Literature Movement. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he participated in the work of "New Youth" magazine and became the main leader of the "May 4th" New Culture Movement.
Between 1918 and 1926, he successively created and published the novel collections "Scream" and "Wandering", the essay collection "Grave",
the prose poetry collection "Weeds", and the prose collection "The Morning". Special collections such as "Flowers Picked Up at Dusk", essay collections "Hot Wind", "Huagai Collection", "Huagai Collection" and "Sequel to Huagai Collection". Among them, the novella "The True Story of Ah Q" published in December 1921 is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern Chinese literature. In August 1926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the Beijing student patriotic movement.
He went south to serve as the director of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. In January 1927, he went to Guangzhou, the then revolutionary center, and served as the dean of academic affairs at Sun Yat-sen University. He arrived in Shanghai in October 1927 and began living with his student Xu Guangping. In 1929, his son Zhou Haiying
was born. Since 1930, he has participated in the China Freedom Movement Alliance, the China Left-wing Writers Alliance and the China Civil Rights Protection Alliance to resist the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works in the historical novel collection "New Stories" and a large number of essays, which were collected in "Ji Ji Ji", "San Xian Ji",
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"Er Heart Collection", "Nanqiangbei Diao Collection", "Pseudo Free Letter", "Quan Feng Yue Tan", "Lace Literature",
"Qie Jie Pavilion Essays", "Qie Jie Ting" Special collections such as "Second Edition of Ting's Essays", "The Last Edition of Qiejieting's Essays", "Collections from Collection" and "Collections from Collection
Waiji". Lu Xun made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings throughout his life: he led and supported literary groups such as "Weiming Society" and "Chaohua Society"; he edited the "National Newspaper Supplement" [ B species],
"Wild Plains", "Silk", "Running", "Grudge", "Translation" and other literary and art journals; enthusiastic care and active
cultivation of young authors ; Vigorously translated foreign progressive literary works and introduced famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; collected, studied and organized a large number of classical literature, compiled "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" and "An Outline of the History of Chinese Literature", Compiled
Collection of "Ji Kang Collection", and compiled "Miscellaneous Records of Old Books from Kuaiji County", "Ancient Novels", "Records of Legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties",
"Notes on Old Novels" "etc. He died of tuberculosis in Shanghai on October 19, 1936. Tens of thousands of people in Shanghai spontaneously held a public memorial and funeral, and he was buried in Hongqiao Cemetery of All Nations. In 1956, Lu Xun's body was moved to Hongkou Park and Mao Zedong inscribed the rebuilt Lu Xun's tomb. In 1938, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (twenty volumes) was published. After the founding of the People's Republic of China,
Lu Xun's works and translations have been compiled into "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (ten volumes), "Collected Translations of Lu Xun" (ten volumes), and "Lu Xun's Day"
Notes" (two volumes), "Collected Letters of Lu Xun", and reprinted various ancient books compiled by Lu Xun. In 1981, "The Complete Works of Lu
Xun" (sixteen volumes) was published. Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou, Xiamen and other places have successively established Lu Xun museums and memorial halls. Dozens of Lu Xun's novels, essays, poems, and essays have been selected into Chinese textbooks for middle and primary schools. The novels "Blessing", "The True Story of Ah Q", "Medicine", etc. have been adapted into movies.
Lu Xun's "Scream" and "Wandering" not only shock people with their "profound expression", but also attract a wide range of readers with their "special format". Someone has long pointed out that each of Lu Xun's novels experiments with a new form, with few similarities, which fully demonstrates Lu Xun's creativity and imagination. For example, his "Diary of a Madman" uses a "diary style" to organize the novel according to the flow of the "madman's" psychological activities.
"Kong Yiji" also uniquely chooses the "boy" in the hotel to tell the story. As a bystander, he simultaneously observes and describes the sadness and ridiculousness of Kong Yiji, the numbness and cruelty of the onlookers (drinkers and bosses), and " "He" himself also gradually participated in the story, first "laughing in agreement", and then coldly rejecting Kong Yiji's kindness to teach him how to read, and finally became one of the "spectators". "Medicine" unexpectedly places the protagonist Xia Yu "behind the scenes" and uses the main space to describe people's various reactions to his sacrifice, allowing readers to complete his image in their own imagination. "First-person narrative" novels such as "Hometown" and "Blessing" all tell two stories: while telling the stories of "others" (the story of Runtu, the story of Yang Er's sister-in-law, the story of Xianglin's wife), they also tell the story of "other people". It tells the story of "my", so it has a strong lyricism. The two types of stories penetrate and influence each other, forming a complex structure. Lu Xun's conscious formal experimentation made him a "pioneer in creating new forms" and profoundly influenced subsequent authors.
Famous Quotes:
1. Time is like water in a sponge, as long as you are willing to squeeze, there is always some.
2. If you only read books, it will become a bookcase.
3. I seem to be a cow, eating grass and squeezing out milk.
4. Dissatisfaction is an upward wheel that can carry people who are dissatisfied forward.
5. With a cold eyebrow and a thousand fingers, he bows his head and is willing to be a Ruzi Niu.
6. I would like to recommend Xuanyuan with my blood.
7. I hope that all Chinese young people will get rid of the air conditioning and just move up, without having to listen to the words of those who give up on themselves.
8. In fact, there is no road on the ground. When there are more people walking, it becomes a road.
9. Where there is genius, I spend all the time others drink coffee on working.
10. Only the national soul is valuable, and only when it is carried forward can China make real progress
Victor Hugo (February 1802) 26th - May 22, 1885), a French romantic writer, a representative figure of humanism, a representative writer of the active romantic literary movement in the early 19th century, and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature. He is known as "the French of Shakespeare".
Hugo was born in Besan?on, a provincial city in eastern France close to Switzerland. His father was a general under Napoleon. When he was a child, Hugo was stationed in Spain with his father. When he was 10 years old, he returned to Paris to go to school. , graduated from high school and entered law school, but his interest lay in writing. When he was 15 years old, he won the prize in the poetry competition of the French Academy. When he was 17 years old, he won the first place in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". As a reward, he wrote a lot of exotic poems. Later, he was disappointed with both the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and scripts, and several novels with distinctive characteristics and implementation of his ideas. Hugo was elected as an academician of the French Academy in 1841, and took office as a member of the Academy in 1845. After the February Revolution in 1848, he served as a representative of the French Parliament. In 1851, when Napoleon III proclaimed himself emperor, Hugo rose up in opposition and was forced to go into exile. During his exile, he wrote a political satirical poem "Punishment". Each chapter is accompanied by a policy statement of Napoleon III, which is satirized and compared with the achievements of Napoleon I and the humiliation of Napoleon III. After the bloodless revolution in France overthrew Napoleon III in 1870, Hugo returned to Paris. Hugo wrote numerous works throughout his life, covering all fields of literature. Critics believe that his creative ideas are the closest to modern ideas. After his death, the whole country in France mourned him, and he was buried in the Panthéon, which gathers memorial plaques for French celebrities. Victor Hugo
The most talked-about romantic deed of Hugo in France is: when he was 30 years old, he met the 26-year-old actress Juliette Drouet and fell in love. Together or apart, Juliette Drouet wrote a love letter to Hugo almost every day until his death at the age of 75. She never stopped for nearly 50 years and wrote nearly 20,000 letters. The dominant idea throughout Hugo's life activities and creations was humanitarianism - opposing violence and defeating "evil" with love. Hugo (1802-1885) was the leader of the positive romantic literary movement in the early 19th century and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature. He experienced almost all major events in France in the 19th century. He wrote many poems, novels, scripts, various essays, literary criticism and political articles throughout his life, and was an influential figure in France. Hugo's creative process lasted for more than 60 years. His works include 26 volumes of poetry, 20 volumes of novels, 12 volumes of plays, and 21 volumes of philosophical works, totaling 79 volumes, adding a very brilliant culture to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. heritage. His representative works are: the novel "Notre Dame de Paris" (i.e. "The Hunchback of Notre Dame"), "Les Misérables", "Sea Laborers", "The Laughing Man", "1993", poetry collections "Light and Shadow" and "On the British and French Allied Forces" "Letter to Captain Butler on the Expedition to China", short story: "The Disaster of the Normandy" (now called "The Captain"), Lesson 7, Volume 1, Sixth Grade, Jiangsu Education Edition. Beijing Normal University Edition, Lesson 1 of Unit 8 of Volume 1 for Grade 5. Hugo admired the early French romantic writer Chateaubriand since he was a child.
In 1827, he published the verse play "Cromwell" and "Cromwell's Preface" (1827). The "Preface" is called the manifesto of the French Romantic drama movement and is Hugo's extremely important literary treatise. In 1830, he wrote the first romantic play "Elnani" based on the theory in the preface. Its performance marked the victory of romanticism over classicism. "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1831) is Hugo's first large-scale romantic novel. It uses bizarre and contrasting techniques to tell a story that took place in France in the 15th century: Claude, the vice-president of Notre Dame de Paris, was sanctimonious and vicious, loving first and then hating, and persecuting the Gypsy girl Esmeralda. The ugly but kind-hearted bell ringer Quasimodo sacrifices his life to save the girl. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of religion, declares the bankruptcy of asceticism, praises the kindness, friendship and self-sacrifice of the lower working people, and reflects Hugo's humanitarian thoughts. "Les Misérables" best represents Hugo's ideological and artistic style. With his outstanding artistic charm, he showed the cruel reality of capitalist society enslaving working people and forcing girls into prostitution. However, the writer firmly believes that only moral influence is the cure for social disasters. Although the novel does not lack elements of realism, it is still a masterpiece of romanticism in terms of the creation of characters, description of the environment, and the use of symbols and contrasting techniques. "Notre Dame de Paris" and "Les Misérables" have been made into movies many times and have been widely circulated around the world and become classics.
Famous Quotes:
1. The widest thing in the world is the ocean, wider than the ocean is the sky, and wider than the sky is the human mind.
2. The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who work. In fact, these two kinds of people are the same kind of people, because thinking is also labor.
3. On top of the absolutely correct revolution, there is also an absolutely correct humanitarianism.
4. Human wisdom holds three keys, one for numbers, one for letters, and one for notes. Knowledge, thoughts, fantasies are there.
5. What the world lacks is perseverance, not strength.
6. Boldness is the price of progress.
7. You should believe that you are the strong one in life.
8. There are many thorns on the road of art, which is also a good thing. Most people are afraid of it, except those with strong will.
9. Those who waste their years will lose their youth and life will abandon them.
10. Laughter is like sunshine, driving away the winter on people’s faces
Lincoln, the United States, was born in 1809 in a simple cabin in the silent wilderness. 1816, 7 years old , the family was driven out of the place where they lived, and he had to work to support them. 1818, when he was 9 years old. His mother died unfortunately when he was only 34 years old. 1827, when he was 18 years old. He built a ferry boat by himself. 1831, when he was 22 years old. Business failed. 1832 In 1833, at the age of 24, he borrowed money from friends to start a business and went bankrupt at the end of the year. The next 16 years took him , just paid off the money. In 1834, at the age of 25, he ran for state assembly again and was elected. In 1835, at the age of 26, when he was about to get married, his fiancée died of illness, so his heart was broken. In 1836, at the age of 27, he was in perfect spirits. Collapse, bedridden for 6 months. In 1838, at the age of 29, he tried hard to become the speaker of the state assembly, but failed. In 1840, at the age of 31, he tried to become an elector, but lost. In 1843, at the age of 34, he participated in the congressional election, and again Lost the election. In 1846, at the age of 37, he ran for Congress again and was elected this time! Went to Washington, D.C., performed well. 1848, 39 years old, sought re-election as a member of Congress, failed. 1849, 40 years old, wanted to serve as land commissioner in his own state, but was rejected. 1854, 45 years old, ran for Senate. Lost the election. In 1856, at the age of 47, he fought for the nomination of vice president at the Democratic National Convention and received less than 100 votes. In 1858, at the age of 49, he ran for the Senate again and lost again. In 1860, at the age of 51, he was elected. The President of the United States in 1864, at the age of 55, was re-elected as the President of the United States. The Northern Army won the victory. In 1865, at the age of 56, the Civil War ended and he was shot dead in the theater.
Quotes:
1· The most important thing in life The beautiful thing is his friendship with others.
2· Giving freedom to others and maintaining your own freedom are equally noble causes.
3· What we care about is not whether you fail, but whether you have no complaints about failure.
4· Those who love to learn will become great talents.
5· In fact, education is an early habit.
6· Those who deny freedom to others do not deserve freedom themselves, and they cannot long remain free under the rule of a just God.
7 If I just try to read - let alone answer all the attacks on me, this store might as well close its doors and go to other businesses. I try to do it in the best way possible, to the best of my ability, and I plan to keep doing it this way.
If it turns out that I am right, then it doesn't matter what others say about me; if it turns out that I am wrong, then even if I spend ten times the effort to say that I am right, it is useless.
8·Always remember that your own determination to succeed is more important than anything else
Bing Xin (1900-February 1999) Chinese, contemporary female writer, children's literature writer. Her original name is Xie Wanying, and her pen names include Ms. Bing Xin, Mr.
2. Originally from Changle, Fujian, he was born in Fuzhou. He was extensively exposed to Chinese classical novels and translated works at an early age.
In 1918, she entered the preparatory department of Concordia Women's University and actively participated in the May 4th Movement. In 1919, he began to publish his first novel "Two Families". Since then, he has successively published "problem novels" that explore life issues such as "The Man Is Alone and Gaunt" and "Going to the Country". At the same time, he was influenced by Rabindranath Tagore's "Birds" and wrote untitled free-style poems. These crystal clear, soft and elegant poems were later collected and published as "Stars" and "Spring Water", which are known as "Spring Water Body".
2. Joined the Literary Research Association in 1921. In the same year, he published the essays "Laughter" and "Past Events". Graduated from Yenching University in 1923. Went to Wellesley Women's University in the United States to study English literature. During his travels and stay in the United States, he wrote a collection of essays, "For Young Readers", which shows the characteristics of elegance, elegance, splendor, condensation and smoothness. It has a high degree of artistic expression and has achieved higher achievements than novels and poems. This unique style was once called "Bing Xin Style" by people at the time and had a wide range of influence.
3. In 1926, Bing Xin returned to China after receiving a Master of Arts degree and taught at Yenching University and Tsinghua University. After that, he wrote the prose "Returning to the South", novels "Fen", "Dong'er Girl", etc., which showed a deeper social connotation.
4. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was engaged in creation and cultural salvation activities in Kunming, Chongqing and other places. He went to Japan in 1946 and served as a professor at the University of Tokyo.
He returned to China in 1951 and successively served as an editorial board member of "People's Literature", a director of the Chinese Writers Association, and vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.
5. His works include the collection of essays "After Returning", "Re-Sending to Young Readers", "We Awakened the Spring
", "Ode to Cherry Blossoms", "Little Gleaners" Letters", "Wanqing Collection", "Three Posts to Little Readers", etc., show the colorful life. She still maintains her unique artistic style. Her short story "Empty Nest" won the 1980 Outstanding Short Story Award. The anthology of children's literature "Little Orange Lantern" won the honorary award in the National Children's Literary Creation Awards in the same year. In addition to the works mentioned above, Bing Xin has also published novel collections "Superman", "Going to the Country", "Dong'er Girl", novel essay collections "Past Things", "Returning to the South", essay collections "About Women", and "The Complete Works of Bing Xin", "Collected Works of Bing Xin", "Selected Works and Translations of Bing Xin", etc. Her works have been translated into and published in many foreign languages.
Quotation:
The road of life is less smooth and more rugged. On the flat road, when we walk hand in hand, there is a warm spring breeze around us and a clear autumn moon above our heads. The two hearts fully enjoyed the quiet and smooth music of "harmonizing the piano and the harp". On the bumpy road, when walking with support, we must perseverely swallow our own grievances and pain, and comfort and encourage each other on the road full of thorns.
The universe is a big life, rivers flow into the sea, and fallen leaves return to their roots. We are a breath in the universe, and we are a member of the big life. Not every river can flow into the sea, not every seed can mature and germinate. Life is not always happy, nor is it always painful. Happiness and pain always complement each other. In happiness, we have to thank life, and in pain , we should also be grateful for life, because happiness, excitement, and pain are not beautiful?
Read well, read well, read well.
As long as people have the spirit of spring in their hearts, the autumn wind will not cause people to worry.
True sympathy occurs when you are sad, not when you are happy.
Friendship is a tranquilizer and a stimulant; friendship is a lighthouse in the sea and an oasis in the desert.
That's it, nothing else...
This is the best answer, I wish you good luck! !