Herzen is an illegitimate child, born in a wealthy landlord family in Russia, and his mother is German, so he can't inherit his father's surname, but his father loves him very much, gives him the best education, and gives him a name, which means "heart" in German. In herzen's childhood, he was deeply influenced by The Decemberists and inherited The Decemberists's career. Later, he was admitted to Moscow University, where he organized a group to promote utopian socialism. As a result, he was arrested, imprisoned and later exiled. During his six-year exile, he deeply understood Russian society and his thoughts gradually matured. After returning to Moscow, he began to write literary works and philosophical works, and gradually became the leader of the ideological circle at that time.
Undeniably, due to his own experience, herzen's thought was influenced by western philosophy, especially the utopian socialist theory in western Europe. However, his thoughts did not fully absorb western philosophy, and he also opposed to fully accepting and propagating the West. He advocated taking a critical attitude towards western thought and seeking the future development path of Russia under the influence of western socialist theory. Because of his exile experience, he knows the reality and particularity of Russian rural and social system, and the thought he wants to dig deep is a brand-new socialist theory that combines western European socialist thought with Russian rural system. Therefore, we have to emphasize that herzen is a thinker with outstanding vision and forward thinking.
Judging from herzen's life experience, herzen was deeply influenced not only by utopian socialist theory, but also by German classical literature. Because of his life background, he has a strong spirit of resistance, but his will is firm. He is determined to devote himself to socialist equality and justice. Because of the times, in his early philosophical works, he deeply discussed the fate and development path of Russia, which caused strong dissatisfaction and controversy among intellectuals. He was filled with indignation, and his works and thoughts shocked people, leaving a deep impression on people at that time, but aristocratic intellectuals thought he was ruthless.
It is worth mentioning that a brand-new narrative method has been created in herzen's philosophical and literary works. He used the most natural and pure form to expound the most abstract views through vivid and appropriate dialogue. In his mind, philosophy and literature are intrinsically linked and inseparable, and he calls this issue "mosaic style". His works are complex and multifaceted. He turned from Hegel's theory to materialism. He combined philosophy with natural science, defended individual freedom, criticized vulgar philistinism, and promoted the development of Russian philosophy from 19 to the 20th century. It is said that at that time, representatives of different schools of Russian philosophy all quoted herzen's philosophical thoughts, including some famous philosophers.
Herzen's thought also includes some social philosophy viewpoints. He affirmed socialism and pinned his hopes on Russia. He recognized the law of historical development and emphasized the influence of human beings on the historical process, forming the view of "accidental philosophy". It is worth mentioning that herzen's philosophy has always been rebellious. At first, he left Russia and went to western Europe, which was deeply influenced by western philosophy. But he saw the vulgarity of western scholars, which made him extremely depressed and disgusted. Due to the special situation of Russian society, his thoughts have changed, so he did not fully accept western philosophy.
From the aspect of personality, herzen has multiple personalities, and he turned philosophical thoughts into living social reality. His love of life, sentimentality, self-reflection and impulsiveness all reflect his multiple personalities in his works. His works have a variety of means of expression, vividly describing the past, colorful, expressing lament, full of passionate imagination, reflecting personality, background of the times and social reality.
According to records, herzen died in June 65438 +0870 65438+10/October 265438+October, at the age of 58. Today is the 52nd anniversary of the Russian philosopher and writer/kloc-0. Let's enjoy the ten maxims he wrote and appreciate the profound connotation behind the words.
Wide rivers are calm, and educated people are humble. Aleksandr Herzen
Not only will you smile when you are happy, but you should also learn to smile when you encounter difficulties. Aleksandr Herzen
Life is valuable only in struggle ... only when you have suffered, can you get paid. Aleksandr Herzen
There can be no real education without reading, and there can be no discrimination at the same time. Aleksandr Herzen
Because truth is glorious, as long as there is a gap, it can illuminate the whole field. Aleksandr Herzen
The most important thing in life is politeness, which is more important than the highest wisdom and all knowledge. Aleksandr Herzen
Truth is no longer covered by false shame, it knows its own strength and glory. Aleksandr Herzen
I love nature because no matter where you get it, no one can deprive you of the right to enjoy nature. Aleksandr Herzen
Animals think that it is all about survival, while people think that life is meaningful only if they get a chance to work. Aleksandr Herzen
Only by fully understanding the past can we find out the present situation; Only by deeply understanding the meaning of the past can we reveal the meaning of the future; Looking back means moving forward. Aleksandr Herzen