Original text of Lu Xun's "She Opera"
1 In the past twenty years, I have only seen Chinese opera twice. I would never watch it before because I had no intention of watching it. And opportunities, those two times were all in the last ten years, but they left without seeing anything.
2 The first time was when I first arrived in Beijing in the first year of the Republic of China. A friend at that time said to me that Beijing opera is the best. Why don’t you go and see the world? I think watching opera is interesting. Yes, and it's in Beijing. So they all ran to the garden happily. The play had already begun, and the sound of winter had already been heard outside. We walked in, and several red and green ones flashed in front of my eyes, and then I saw many heads under the stage. Then I looked around carefully, and saw that there were still a few empty seats in the middle. When I squeezed past to sit down, another Someone was commenting on me, but my ears were already ringing, so I tried hard to hear what he meant: Someone, no!?
3 We retreated to the back, one braid was very bare But he came and took us to the side and pointed out a position. This so-called status holder turned out to be a bench, but his seat was three-quarters narrower than my upper legs, and his feet were more than two-thirds longer than my lower legs. I didn't have the courage to climb up at first, and then I thought of the torture tools of lynching, and I couldn't help but walk out in horror.
4 After walking for a long time, I suddenly heard my friend’s voice saying, “What happened?” I turned around, and it turned out that he had also been brought out by me. He was very surprised and said, "Why do you always leave and refuse to agree?" I said, "Friend, I'm sorry, my ears were only ringing in the winter and I didn't hear your words." ?
5 Later, every time I thought about it, I felt very strange. It seemed that this play was too bad, or else I was not suitable for living off the stage recently.
6 The second time I forgot that year, anyway, it was to collect donations for the Hubei flood disaster and Tan Jingtian was not dead yet. The way to donate is to buy a theater ticket with two yuan, and you can go to the first stage to watch the theater. Most of the actors are famous actors, one of which is Xiao Jingtian. I bought a ticket, originally to try to make amends with the solicitor, but it seemed that some good people took the opportunity to tell me some great advice that God must not ignore. So I forgot about the disaster of winter and winter in previous years and went to the first stage, but about half of it was because I bought the tickets at a high price and had to use them to feel comfortable. I inquired that it was too late to show up to the stage, but the first stage had a new structure, so there was no need to fight for seats, so I felt relieved and postponed going until nine o'clock. Unexpectedly, as usual, everyone was full, and it was difficult to even stand. , I had to squeeze in the crowd in the distance to watch an old lady singing on the stage. The old lady had two igniting paper twisters stuck in her mouth, and there was a ghost soldier next to her. It took me a lot of thinking before I suspected that he might be Mulian's mother, because later a monk came out. However, I didn't know who the actor was, so I asked a fat gentleman squeezed to my left. He glanced at me sideways as if he was looking down on him and said, "Gong Yunfu!" I felt ashamed of my shallowness and rudeness, and my face felt hot. At the same time, I also made a decision in my mind to never ask again, so I watched Xiaodan sing, Watch Hua Dan singing, watch old students singing, watch unknown characters singing, watch a large group of people fighting randomly, watch two or three people fighting each other, from nine o'clock to ten o'clock, from ten o'clock to eleven o'clock, from eleven o'clock to eleven At half past eleven, from half past eleven to twelve o'clock, but the sky has not come yet.
7 I have never waited so patiently for anything, and the fat gentleman beside me was panting, the sounds of winter and winter on the stage were beating, and the red and green colors were swaying. At two o'clock, I suddenly realized that it was no longer suitable for me to live here. At the same time, I mechanically turned around and squeezed out. I felt that the back was already full. The elastic fat gentleman must have spread his right half in my empty space. There was no way back for me, so I naturally squeezed and squeezed, and finally got out of the gate. Except for the cars waiting for spectators, there were almost no pedestrians on the street. However, there were more than a dozen people watching the show with their heads held high at the gate. There were also a bunch of people standing not watching anything. I thought: they were probably watching. Of the women who came out after the opera, but Jingtian has not come yet?
8 However, the night air is very refreshing, so-called "refreshing". I encountered such good air in Beijing, as if this is First time.
9 This night was the night I said goodbye to Chinese opera. I never thought of him again. Even if we passed by the theater occasionally, we were indifferent. Spiritually, we were already in the south of the sky. The north of the earth.
10 But a few days ago, I accidentally saw a Japanese book. Unfortunately, I forgot the title and author. In short, it was about Chinese opera. One of the articles seems to say that Chinese opera involves loud banging, shouting, and jumping, which makes the audience dizzy. It is not suitable for theaters, but if it is in a loose place in the wild, it will look different from a distance. of style. I felt at the time that this was exactly what I had said but had never thought of, because I did remember watching a very good play in the wild. After arriving in Beijing, I went to the theater twice in a row. Maybe I was influenced by the atmosphere at that time. Impact. It's a pity that I don't know how I forgot the title of the book.
11 As for the time when I watched a good show, it was actually far away. I was probably only eleven or twelve years old at that time.
12 Our custom in Luzhen is that if a married daughter is not yet the head of the family, she usually returns to her mother's house to spend the summer. Although my grandmother was still healthy at that time, my mother had already shared some of the housework, so she could not go back to the province for many days in the summer. I had to take time to stay for a few days after sweeping the tomb. At this time, I followed my mother every year. My mother lives in my grandmother's house. That place is called Pingqiao Village. It is a very remote village near the river not far from the sea. There are less than thirty households, all of them farm and fish, and there is only one small grocery store. But it is a paradise for me: not only do I get preferential treatment here, but I can also avoid thinking about "Zhichisigan Youyou Nanshan".
13. There were many children playing with me. Because of the distant visitors, they all got permission from their parents to reduce their work and accompany me to play. In a small village, the guests of one family are almost the guests of the family. We are all similar in age, but in terms of seniority, we are at least uncles, and some of us are also grandfathers, because they all have the same surname in the whole village and belong to the same family. However, we are friends. Even if we occasionally quarrel and beat the grandfather, no one in the village, old or young, would come up with the word "offender", and 99% of them are illiterate.
14 What we do every day is probably to dig up earthworms, put them on small hooks made of copper wire, and lie down on the river bank to catch shrimps. Shrimps are idiots in the water world. They are not afraid to use their two pincers to hold the tip of the hook and bring it to their mouth, so they can catch a big bowl in less than half a day. As usual, this shrimp belongs to me. The second step was to herd the cows together, but perhaps because they are higher animals, the cows and buffaloes bullied others and dared to bully me, so I never dared to get close, so I had to follow them and stand at a distance. At this time, the children no longer forgave me for knowing how to read "Zhizhisigan", but they all laughed at me.
15 As for what I was looking forward to most there, it was going to Zhaozhuang to watch the theater. Zhaozhuang is a larger village five miles away from Pingqiao Village; Pingqiao Village is too small to be able to act on its own, so the total amount paid to Zhaozhuang every year is counted as a joint venture. At the time, I didn't think about why they had to act every year. Now I think about it, maybe it was the spring competition or a social opera.
16 In this year when I was eleven or twelve years old, this date has been waiting for me. Unexpectedly, this year it was a pity that the boat could not be called in the morning. There is only one large ship in Pingqiao Village that leaves early and returns late. There is absolutely no reason to keep it. The rest were all small boats and were not suitable for use. I went to the neighboring villages to ask, but there were none. They had already been booked for others. Grandma was very angry and blamed the family for not making a decision earlier, so she started nagging. My mother comforted Yi and said that the operas in Lu Town were much better than those in small villages. We should watch them a few times a year and forget about it today. I was the only one who was so anxious that I almost cried, but my mother tried her best to tell me not to show off, for fear of making grandma angry again, and I was not allowed to go with others, saying that she was afraid that grandma would be worried.
17 In short, it’s over. By the afternoon, all my friends had gone and the play had started. I seemed to hear the sound of gongs and drums, and I knew they were buying soy milk under the stage.
On this day, I will not fish for shrimps and eat less. The mother was very embarrassed and had no idea.
By dinner time, my grandmother finally noticed and said that I should be unhappy because they were too negligent and had no etiquette in hospitality. After the meal, the young people who had watched the opera gathered together and happily talked about the opera. Only I remained silent; they all sighed and expressed sympathy. Suddenly, one of the smartest people, Shuang Xi, made a suggestion as if he had an enlightenment. He said, "Big ship?" Isn't the eighth uncle's ship back? More than a dozen other young people also realized this and immediately started to stir up excitement, saying that they could take this ship with me. go. I'm happy. However, the grandmother was afraid that they were just children and would not be reliable. The mother also said that if the adults were asked to go with them, they would all have jobs during the day and it would be unreasonable to ask him to stay up late. During this hesitation, Shuangxi could see the truth again, and said loudly, "I guarantee it! The boat is big; Brother Xun never runs around; and we all know the water!"
19 It’s true! Of these more than ten teenagers, none of them knew how to swim, and two or three of them were good at swimming.
20 Grandma and mother also believed it, so they no longer dismissed it and both smiled. We immediately rushed out of the door.
21My heavy heart suddenly relaxed, and my body seemed to stretch to an indescribable size. As soon as I went out, I saw a white-covered ship moored in Pingqiao under the moon. Everyone jumped out of the ship and jumped out of the boat. Afa jumped out of the back. The younger ones sat with me in the cabin, and the older ones sat in the cabin. Gather at the stern. When mother sent out the instructions to be careful, we had already started the boat, knocked on the bridge stone, stepped back a few feet, and then stepped forward and exited the bridge. So we set up two oars, one with two people in each, and they were joking and shouting, with the sound of gurgling water from the bow of the boat flying in the river with green beans and wheat fields on both sides. Generally, we headed towards Zhaozhuang.
22 The fragrance from the beans and wheat on both sides of the river and the water plants at the bottom of the river was mixed with the water vapor and blew towards my face; but I still thought the boat was slow. They changed hands four times, and gradually saw Zhaozhuang vaguely, and seemed to hear a song playing, and there was a few fires. They expected it to be the stage, but maybe it was fishing fires.
23 The sound was probably that of a transverse flute, melodious and melodious, which made my heart calm. However, I lost myself again and felt like I wanted to be dispersed with him in the night air that contained the fragrance of beans, wheat and algae.
24The fire was approaching, and it turned out to be a fishing fire; only then did I remember that the one I saw earlier was not Zhaozhuang. It was a pine forest right opposite the bow of the ship. I went there last year and saw a broken stone horse lying on the ground and a stone sheep squatting in the grass. After passing the forest, the boat turned into Cha Harbor, and Zhaozhuang was really in front of us.
25 The most eye-catching thing is a stage standing in the open space facing the river outside the village. It is blurred in the moonlit night in the distance, and it is almost indistinguishable from the space. I suspect that the fairyland I have seen in the painting is just like a fairyland. Appeared here. At this time, the boat moved faster, and after a while, figures appeared on the stage, moving in red and green colors. The dark things in the river near the stage were the boat awnings of theatergoers.
26? There is no space near the station, so let’s watch from a distance. ?Afa said.
27 The boat was slowing down at this time, and it arrived soon. As expected, it was not close to the stage, so everyone could only get off the pole, which was farther than the sacred shed directly opposite the stage. In fact, our ship with a white awning did not want to be in the same place as a ship with a black awning, and there was no open space?
28 In the rush to stop the ship, I saw a black man with a long beard on the platform. With four flags on his back, a spear in hand, he was fighting with a group of shirtless men. Shuangxi said that it was the famous Tietou Laosheng, who could do eighty-four somersaults in a row, and he had counted them himself.
29 We all crowded on the bow to watch the battle, but the old man with the iron head did not do any somersaults. Only a few shirtless people did somersaults. After a while, they all got in, and then one walked out. Xiaodan comes and sings babbling. Shuangxi said, "There are not many people watching at night, and the old man Tietou is slacking off. Who is willing to show off his skills to Bai Di?" I believe this is right, because there were not many people in the audience at that time, and the country people can't stay up late for tomorrow's work. , have already gone to bed, and the only people standing sparsely and loudly are dozens of idle people from this village and neighboring villages.
Although the families of the rich people in the awning boat were there, they didn't care about watching the show. Most of them came to the stage to eat cakes, fruits and melon seeds. So it can be considered as nothing.
30 However, I don’t care about watching somersaults. What I most like to see is a snake spirit covered with a white cloth, holding a stick-like snake head on his head in both hands, followed by a jumping tiger wearing a yellow cloth. But after waiting for a long time, no one was seen. Although Xiaodan went in, a very old student came out immediately. I was a little tired and asked Guisheng to buy soy milk. He went away for a moment and came back and said, "No." The deaf man selling soy milk also went back. There was some during the day, and I drank two bowls of it. Now go and get a ladle of water for you to drink. ?
31 I didn’t drink water, but I kept watching. I couldn’t tell what I saw. I just felt that the actor’s face gradually became a little strange, and the facial features became less obvious and seemed to blend into one. There is no more high or low. The younger ones yawned a lot, and the older ones were all minding their own conversations. Suddenly, a clown in a red shirt was tied to a pillar and was beaten with a riding crop by a man with a gray beard. Only then did everyone cheer up and watch with a smile. On this night, I thought this was really the best deal.
32 However, Lao Dan finally appeared. Lao Dan was what I feared the most, especially when she would sit down and sing. At this time, I saw that everyone was also disappointed, and I realized that their opinions were consistent with mine. The old lady was just pacing back and forth singing at first, but later she actually sat down on a chair in the middle. I was worried; Shuangxi and the others just murmured curses. I waited patiently, and for a long time, I saw the old lady raised his hand. I thought he was about to stand up, but unexpectedly, he slowly lowered it to the same place and continued singing. Several people in the boat couldn't help but gasp, and the rest also yawned. Shuangxi finally couldn't stand it any longer and said, "I'm afraid he won't finish singing until dawn, so it's better for us to leave." Everyone immediately agreed and were as enthusiastic as when the boat was sailing. Three or four people rushed to the stern of the boat, pulled out their poles, stepped back a few feet, turned the bow, raised the oar, cursed Lao Dan, and headed towards the pine trees again.
The moon has not set yet, and it seems that it has not been long since we watched the theater. As soon as we left Zhaozhuang, the moonlight seemed particularly bright. The transverse flute blew to my ears again, and it was very melodious. I suspected that Lao Dan had already entered, but I was too embarrassed to say I would go back to see it again.
34 Soon, the pine trees and cypress trees were already behind the boat, and the boat was not moving slowly, but the darkness around it was only thick, indicating that it was already late at night. While they were talking about the actors, scolding or laughing, they were rocking the boat harder. This time the sound of the water rushing on the bow was even louder. The boat was like a big white fish carrying a group of children on its back, jumping in the waves. Even the old fishermen who were fishing at night stopped the boat to watch and cheer.
35 was still about a mile away from Pingqiao Village, but the boat was moving slowly. The people rocking the boat said they were very tired because they worked too hard and had nothing to eat for a long time. What came to mind was Guisheng, saying that the mangosteen was in full bloom and firewood was readily available, so we could steal some for cooking. Everyone agreed and immediately parked the boat near the shore; the fields on the shore were full of firm mangosteen beans.
36? Ah, Ah Fa, this side belongs to your family, this side belongs to Lao Liu’s family, which side should we steal? Shuangxi jumped in first and said on the shore.
37We also jumped ashore. Ah Fa jumped and said, "Wait a minute, let me take a look." He then touched it back and forth, stood up and said, "Just steal ours, ours is much bigger." ?As soon as they agreed, everyone dispersed in the bean field of Afa's house, each picked a large handful and threw it into the cabin. Shuangxi thought that if she stole more, Afa's mother would cry and scold her if she found out, so they all went to Father Liuyi's field and stole a large handful each.
38 The older ones among us were still rocking the boat slowly, a few went to the back cabin to light a fire, and the younger ones and I were peeling beans. Soon the beans were ripe, so they let the ship float on the water and gathered around to eat them with their hands. After eating the beans, we set off again and washed the utensils. All the pods and shells were thrown into the river, leaving no trace behind. What Shuangxi was worried about was the use of salt and firewood from Eighth Eunuch's boat. The old man was very careful and must know about it and he would scold him.
However, after everyone discussed it, it boiled down to not being afraid. If he scolds us, we will ask him to return a dead tallow tree he picked up on the shore last year and call him "Ba Lezi" to his face.
39? They are all back! There will be a mistake. Did I say it was guaranteed!? Shuangxi suddenly said loudly on the bow of the boat.
40 I looked towards the bow of the ship, and there was already a flat bridge in front of me. There was a person standing at the foot of the bridge, but it was my mother. Shuangxi was talking to her. I walked out of the front cabin, and the boat entered Pingqiao. When the boat stopped, we all went ashore. My mother was a little angry, saying it was past the third watch, so why did she come back so late, but she was happy and invited everyone to eat fried rice with a smile.
41 Everyone said they had eaten snacks and were sleepy, so it was better to go to bed early, so they went back.
42 The next day, I didn’t get up until noon, but I didn’t hear anything about the dispute about the Eighth Eunuch Salt and Firewood Incident, so I still went fishing for shrimps in the afternoon.
43. Shuangxi, you guys, did you steal my beans yesterday? You refused to pick them properly and trampled many of them. ?When I looked up, it was Father Liuyi who was driving the boat and came back from selling beans. There was still a bunch of beans left in the belly of the boat.
44? Yes. We're in for a treat. We didn’t want yours back then. Look, you scared away my shrimps!? Shuangxi said.
45 When Father-in-Law saw me, he stopped talking and said with a smile, "This is a treat." ?So he said to me, ?Brother Xun, was the play yesterday good?
46 I nodded and said, ?Okay. ?
47. What's the point?
48. I nodded again and said, "Very good." ?
49 Unexpectedly, Father Liuyi became very grateful. He raised his thumb and said proudly, "This is really a person who comes from a big town and has read a book to know the goods! My bean seeds are grains." The beans have been carefully selected, but the country people don’t know what is good and what is good, and they say that my beans are not as good as others. I also want to give some to our aunt to try today, so he went over with a stick.
50 When my mother called me back for dinner, there was a large bowl of cooked mango beans on the table, which my father-in-law gave to my mother and me. I heard that he even praised me very highly to my mother, saying that I am knowledgeable at a young age and I will definitely win the top prize in the future. Auntie, your luck is guaranteed. But when I ate the beans, they were not as good as the beans last night.
51 Really, until now, I have never eaten the good beans that night, nor have I seen the good show that night.
October 1922. Appreciation of Lu Xun's "Social Opera"
In Mr. Lu Xun's social opera, I see something innocent and innocent. The author praises the kindness and nobility of farmers through the memories of children's interesting things.
Because of the book Most of what is written on it reflects the rural scenery, so it seems particularly friendly when reading. A beautiful "rural night scene" seems to come into my eyes: the blue sky, the round moon, and the small stone-shaped bridge. , small and exquisite rowing boat. ?I? came to the river with a group of lively and lovely rural children. They got off the boat and lit poles. Sailing under the moon like flying, the night scenery along the way is so beautiful! The beans and wheat exude the fragrance of grass, the grass by the river, the hazy moonlight, the dark mountains, the faint Zhaozhuang, the melodious sound of the flute, There are also some fishing fires and so on. These were originally very common scenery in the countryside, which we rural children are very familiar with, but after some artistic processing by Lu Xun, they looked like magical scenery that everyone yearned for. From here we can also see Lu Xun's nostalgia for the countryside and his attachment to his grandmother's house when he was a child. At the same time, it inspired me and the rural children to love their hometown.
In Lu Xun's works, some ordinary farm children are so cute and simple, and their thoughts are so noble and selfless, which truly reflects the style of rural children at that time. Among these children, I prefer Shuangxi and Qijin. They are brave and selfless, enthusiastic and lively, and love labor. Shuangxi is a loyal person.
Qijin often played the game of catching crickets with Lu Xun. They never cared about each other, got along in harmony, and became real good friends.
I read my favorite novel "She Opera" over and over again, and I seemed to feel that every word in the entire work was devoted to Lu Xun's deep love for rural children. I truly felt that rural children The children are also very happy.
The full text of "Social Opera" originally consists of two parts, the front and back, and the text is excerpted from the latter part. It describes the author's past events of watching a social opera when he was a child, expressing his memories and nostalgia for the beautiful life of his childhood.
Childhood is a happy, beautiful and unforgettable experience for many people. When I recall the past as an adult, I have a romantic feeling for the people and things at that time. The author of this article creates the image of a group of simple and lovely rural children, such as Shuangxi, Afa, Guisheng, etc. These little friends are smart, lively, bold, careful, enthusiastic and friendly. I couldn't see the play, and they all sighed and expressed sympathy. When the boat was sailing, the younger ones sat with me in the cabin, and the older ones gathered at the stern, just in case. When watching the play, Guisheng was attentive. He bought soy milk and scooped water for us; on the way home, Afa suggested that we go and steal his own beans because ours were much bigger. These are all outstanding manifestations of their innocent childlike innocence.
Shuangxi is the smartest among the friends. He is like the little leader of the friends. His character is also the most outstanding: he is as careful as hair and smart. Of course, I can't watch it. , when I was so anxious that I was about to cry, Shuangxi could immediately come up with a good idea, and could give reasons that convinced my grandmother and mother; Tietou Laosheng did not do somersaults at night, which disappointed me, Shuangxi used it again ?Who is willing to show off his skills to Bai Di to comfort me? He shows the kindness and consideration of a big brother; he can make up his mind. When the old lady sings endlessly and everyone is tired of it but it is difficult to say back, he can make up his mind. It was he who suggested going home; on the way back, everyone stole the beans from Ah Fa's house, and after the double happiness, he stopped everyone. If he stole more, Ah Fa's mother would cry and scold her if she found out? This shows that he is good at thinking about others. Lu Xun has always been deeply concerned about the growth of children. He shouted "Save the children" in "Diary of a Madman". In "Hometown", where he was extremely disappointed with his hometown, he also saw the beauty of his hometown from the young Runtu and re-see it from the children. To hope. For future generations, Lu Xun's wish as an elder is that he should bear the burden of tradition, shoulder the gate of darkness, and let them go to a broad and bright place; from then on, they can live happily and live a reasonable life. ("Grave? How Do We Be Fathers Now") What is shown in the novel "Social Drama" is also the ideal growth environment for children. From the collection of essays "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk" we can not only see the author's affectionate recollection of the past and the farewell, but also the lively and active Lu Xun in his early years, who was full of childishness and vigor. In the article "Ah Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas" he mentioned that when he was a child, he loved to read the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" with pictures and was curious about everything. It also describes the cute and fun scenes of folding plum blossoms, looking for cicadas to shed, and describing novels and portraits with the children in Sanwei Bookstore. From this, we can see that the author has always insisted on pursuing nature and not wanting to be restrained. "She Opera" is actually the embodiment of this idea.
The description of the scenery in this article is very distinctive. The author uses freehand brushwork to depict the scenes of sailing on a moonlit night, watching a show on the bow, and returning home at midnight from aspects such as color, smell, and sound. The scenes blend together and are full of water town characteristics. The color is like the green of beans and wheat, the pale black of distant mountains, the bright and clear moonlight, the red of fishing fires and lights, the white of ships; the smell is like the fresh fragrance of beans, wheat and water plants; the sound is like Such as the gurgling sound of the boat, the laughter of the children, the melodious and melodious sound of the transverse flute, all aspects are written concisely, cleanly, and vividly. The author also uses various metaphors, personification and other techniques, such as showing the speed of the ship and using distant mountains as a background. The dark undulating mountains seem to be the backbones of eager iron beasts, running far away from the stern of the ship. Go ahead and describe the ship directly. The ship is like a big white fish jumping in the waves with a group of children on its back. It turns static into movement and enhances the effect of scene description.
This article does not want to talk about the writing skills at the end of the article in general.
?Life experience synaesthesia? It does not only rely on the last sentence to exert its power. It can be everywhere in the text, permeating the entire text. But Lu Xun can also make readers want to put down the book just when they are about to put it down. The book in my hand was put down, but the book of life experiences in my heart was opened again. We have to admire Lu Xun as a master who is good at grasping this kind of "synesthesia of life experience"!