2. China mastered block printing in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Diamond Sutra left by the Tang Dynasty is the earliest printed matter with exact date in the world (printed in 868). 165438+In the Song Dynasty in the middle of the 20th century, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing, which made printing widely popular. Engraving printing in China spread to Japanese in the 8th century, to Egyptian in the12nd century and to European travelers in the13rd century. From14th century to15th century, printing became popular in Europe. The earliest block printing with exact date in Europe was the Portrait of Saint Christopher in Nande (printed in 1423), which was about 600 years later than that in China. /kloc-around 0/450, influenced by Chinese movable type printing, Germans created movable type printing with European phonetic symbols to print books, which was 400 years later than Bi Sheng. After printing spread to Europe, it changed the situation that only monks could study and receive higher education, and provided important material conditions for the rapid development of science in Europe after the long night of the Middle Ages and the emergence of the Renaissance Movement.