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In the first year of Jingkang of the Northern Song Dynasty (1126), the Jin people captured Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured the two emperors Huizong and Qinzong of the Song Dynasty. All the Central Plains territory was destroyed. The golden people occupied it. It is known in history as "Jingkang's Shame and Jingkang's Change".

Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin'an, known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history. However, the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty did not accept the painful lesson of the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty and worked hard to improve itself. The people in power did not want to regain the lost territory of the Central Plains, but only sought to live in peace. They capitulated externally and brutally persecuted patriots such as Yue Fei internally. They were politically corrupt and incompetent, and high-ranking officials Blindly indulge in sensuality and pleasure.

In the second year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1132), Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, returned to Hangzhou for the second time. He was attracted by this "paradise on earth" with its beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery in the southeast. Therefore, from the emperors and generals down to the scholars and merchants, in exchange for humiliation, they overhauled the halls, built the Mingtang, built the Taimiao, and the palaces and buildings were all on the spur of the moment, and the dignitaries and wealthy merchants also started to operate them one after another. Mansion, expand this "emperor's residence", and indulge in singing, dancing and enjoyment, and indulge in a decadent life of luxury and corruption.

A group of literati at that time were also obsessed with enjoying themselves and did not think about recovery. They even wrote: "The warm breeze is ten miles away, and the beauty is in the sky, and the flowers are on the temples. The painting boat is returning from the spring, and the remaining feelings are paid, and the lakes and lakes are "Smoke. Tomorrow I will bring the remaining wine to look for the flowers on the road." This poem really turns this life into a life of intoxication.

But there was also another group of literati who strongly opposed and advocated restoration. They recognized this dark reality. Lin Sheng is one of them. His most classic seven-character quatrain, "Inscribed on Lin'an Mansion", is only 28 words long and does not include a single curse word, but it "swears" all the civil and military officials of the Southern Song and Manchu dynasties.

"Inscribed on Lin'an Residence"

Southern Song Dynasty·Lin Sheng

Outside the Qingshan Tower outside the mountain, when will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?

The warm wind makes tourists drunk, and they call Hangzhou Bianzhou.

Lin Sheng, also known as Yunyou, also known as Mengping, also known as Pingshan Jushi, was a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. There are not many records about Lin Sheng, and only two of his surviving poems and essays are enough, but this one "Inscribed on Lin'an Mansion" is enough to make him famous in the history of poetry and immortal through the ages.

Di (dǐ) means hotel, so from the title we can know that this poem was written on the wall of a hotel in Lin'an, the imperial capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is an ancient "wall poem".

In the first line of the poem, "Beyond the mountains, there are green mountains and buildings outside." The poet captures the characteristics of Lin'an City: the overlapping green mountains and the rows of towers. This first describes the great mountains and rivers of the motherland, the rolling green hills, and the pavilions one after another. "There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below." What a beautiful natural scenery this is. But in the next sentence "When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?", the poet faced the country's real situation and felt sad: such a beautiful and great mountains and rivers were occupied by the golden people. The word "break" in the poem not only hints at the poet's heartache for the real social situation, but more importantly, it shows that the poet blindly "breaks off" and makes peace with the people in power, does not want to regain the lost territory of the Central Plains, and only seeks to live in peace and contentment. The indignation of indulgence in sensuality and pleasure-seeking.

In the poet's mind, "West Lake Songs and Dances" are just obscene songs and dances that kill the spirit of fighting against the Jin Dynasty. How he wished that this kind of singing and dancing would stop soon. Here, the poet uses rhetorical questions to not only strengthen his anger towards those in power who do not want to regain the lost ground, but also to express the poet's sadness caused by his concern for the fate of the country.

The last two sentences, "The warm wind makes tourists drunk, and they call Hangzhou Bianzhou" are famous sentences through the ages. "Warm wind" is a pun, and "warm wind" is a pun, referring to both the spring breeze in nature and the decadent and decadent wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds as if they are drunk.

"Tourist" also has many meanings. Generally speaking, it is only people who travel and tourists. It is understandable that tourists go out to enjoy the mountains and rivers for enjoyment, but do you think what time is it now? It is a critical moment when half of the country has fallen and the country's survival is critical. The ancients said: Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. At this time, even if you are an ordinary person, do you still have the heart to enjoy yourself? Can you still enjoy yourself with peace of mind? In addition, where do these tourists come from? This makes people think of the ruling class of the Southern Song Dynasty who fled from the occupied areas but did not want to recover or go north.

"Jingkang's disgrace has not yet snowed." However, the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty was intoxicated in the warm breeze and the singing and dancing of the West Lake. It had long forgotten the national crisis and only knew how to live in peace and sue for peace. Therefore, at the end of the poem, "Hangzhou is simply referred to as Bianzhou", the poet directly criticized the Southern Song Dynasty authorities for forgetting the hatred of the country and family, and simply regarded the temporarily peaceful Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bianzhou, the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties known as "the largest city in the world at that time", was the place where the "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" was created, but it is now dead and has been occupied by the Jin people. So the poet is saying that if this continues, how long can the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty remain peaceful? His bitter satire contains great anger and endless hidden worries, and he "swears" all the powerful people in the court without revealing a single curse word.

There are many reasons for the peacefulness of the Southern Song Dynasty, but one of the most important reasons is that the government and the public were having fun, drunkenly dreaming of life and death, not thinking about recovery, and being addicted to pleasure. Lin Sheng's poem writes about common social phenomena at that time, but it is cleverly conceived, well-worded, and extremely indignant, but it still does not use abusive language. The sarcasm of the cold words is to the point, and it can be described as penetrating. It is truly the best of allegorical poetry.

Born in sorrow and dying in happiness. Every time I read Lin Sheng's poem, I feel that it would be unbearable for the Southern Song Dynasty to survive.

(The picture comes from the Internet, thank the author of the picture for his strong support for this article)

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