Renaissance is an ideological and cultural movement that reflected the demands of the emerging bourgeoisie in Western European countries from 14th to 16th centuries. Its main center was originally in Italy, and expanded to Germany, Netherlands, Britain, France and Spain in the 16th century. The concept of "Renaissance" was used by Italian humanist writers and scholars in the 14th and 16th centuries. The word comes from Italian "Rinascita" and is usually written as French "Renaissance". It summarizes the characteristics of literary and artistic activities since Giotto, and has been used by all countries in the world so far. China was literally translated as "rebirth" or "rebirth movement", but the translation of "Renaissance" has been generally accepted. At that time, people thought that literature and art had been highly prosperous in the classical times of Greece and Rome, but declined in the "dark ages" of the Middle Ages, and it was not until the 14th century that they were "regenerated" and "revived". Therefore, the Renaissance emphasized that the new culture took the classics as its teacher, but it was not a simple classical renaissance, but actually the creation of a new anti-feudal culture. Renaissance is mainly manifested in the general upsurge of science, literature and art, but it has its own characteristics in different countries because of their different social, economic and historical conditions.

Italian Renaissance In the late 13th century and early 14th century, Italy was the first country to sprout capitalism in Europe. However, due to the unbalanced political and economic development, the advanced areas are limited to a few cities, especially Florence and Venice. In Florence, located in the middle of Italy, there are seven guilds, which mainly focus on wool, banking and cloth processing. They not only control Florence's economy, but also directly control the city's political power. The members of the Council of Elders, the highest authority in Florence, can only be selected from its members by the seven guilds. The nobles are deprived of the right to participate in the political power, and the workers are in a powerless position. In this political and economic background, Florence has become the birthplace and the largest center of the Renaissance in Italy and even in Europe.