1. The Crown Prince of Yan was the one who took the pill, so he tasted it and went to Zhao

The translation is very long

So the King of Qin became furious and sent more troops to Zhao, and ordered Wang Jian to The army went to attack Yan State and captured Jicheng in October. King Xi of Yan, Prince Dan and others led all the elite troops to retreat eastward to Liaodong. Qin General Li Xin pursued the King of Yan closely, and Dai Wangjia wrote to King Yan, saying: "The reason why the Qin army is pursuing the Yan army so urgently is because of Prince Dan. Now if you kill Prince Dan, If he sacrifices his head to the King of Qin, he will definitely be forgiven by the King of Qin, and Sheji may be lucky enough to be sacrificed." After that, Li Xin led his army to chase Prince Dan, who was hiding in the Yanshui River, so the King of Yan sent an envoy to kill Prince Dan in preparation. Dedicate his head to the King of Qin. The king of Qin marched again to attack Yan. Five years later, Qin finally destroyed Yan and captured King Xi of Yan.

The next year, King Qin annexed the world and established himself as emperor. So the retainers of Prince Dan and Jing Ke were compiled, and all the retainers fled. Gao Jianli changed his name and worked as a bartender, working in hiding in Songzi. After a long time, I felt very tired. When I heard that there were guests in the host's hall, I walked around and couldn't bear to leave. He often opened his mouth and said: "The tone of that building has good points and bad points." The waiter told the master what Gao Jianli said and said: "That mediocre worker knows music and talks about right and wrong in private." He asked Gao Jianli to go to the front of the hall to build the building. All the guests said that he was good at building the building and rewarded him with wine. Gao Jianli thought that he would remain anonymous for a long time and hide in fear without end, so he retreated to the hall, took out his clothes and clothes from the suitcase, changed his face and came to the front of the hall. The guests were all shocked, and they left their seats to receive him with equal etiquette. He is treated as a distinguished guest. He was invited to sing and sing. After hearing this, all the guests were moved to tears and left. People in Songzi City took turns inviting him to be a guest, and the news was heard by Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang called for him to come in. Someone who knew him said, "This is Gao Jianli." Qin Shihuang took pity on him because he was good at building construction, and specially pardoned his death penalty. So Xun blinded him and asked him to build the building, and he said yes every time. Gradually, he got closer to Qin Shihuang. Gao Jianli put lead into the building, and when he came closer to the palace and struck the building, he raised the building and hit Qin Shihuang, but missed. So Qin Shi Huang killed Gao Jianli. I will never dare to get close to people from the six eastern countries in my life.

When Lu Goujian heard about Jing Ke's assassination of the King of Qin, he said privately: "Oh! What a pity. He doesn't pay attention to the technique of sword stabbing. I don't understand this person very well! I scolded him in the past, He thought I was no longer a fellow traveler."

Tai Shigong said: When people talk about Jing Ke's fate, they say, "Food is falling from the sky like rain, and horses' heads are growing." Come on!" This is too much. It is also said that Jing Ke stabbed the King of Qin, which is not true. When Gongsun Jigong, Dong Sheng, and Xia Wuji were friends, they all knew about this incident, and what they told me was just like what I recorded. From Cao Mo to Jing Ke, some of their chivalrous actions were successful and some were unsuccessful, but their ambitions and intentions were clear and they did not violate their own consciences. Their reputations have been passed down to future generations. Isn't this false? !

2. The classical Chinese translation of "Tai Zi Dan Lun"

The original text of "Tai Zi Dan Lun on the Fangyu of the Qing Marquis" In the past, Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke to Qin, but failed to assassinate the First Emperor, and the Qin people came to attack , Wang Xi cut off Dan's head and presented it to Qin, but the country was destroyed.

Song Confucianism said: "Dan is guilty of sin, so he wrote 'Zhan'." The people of the Song Dynasty treated everything according to Confucianism.

The evil Nie Zhengzhi harmed the public for his own benefit, and then combined him with Ke; the evil original tasted Chun Shen's belongings, and combined it with Prince Dan. For example, if there is a doctor who uses medicine, he does not know what the person's disease is, but just thinks that Wufu is not suitable for use. He only nourishes his intestines and stomach with a soothing medicine. How can it cure a long-term illness? Moreover, the world is full of scattered, slow, fat and heavy dead people, so why should it be violent and violent? After the fall of the Song Dynasty, Qin Hui, Tang Si Tui and others used the word "provocation" to hijack the advisers and generals who killed the world, and always misled their country by making peace.

Only a great Confucian scholar like Kaoting still sees this. No wonder there have been more discussions and less success in the past three hundred years! But can Ke be a loyal minister and Dan a filial son? He said: Based on today's discussion, Ke can be regarded as a loyal minister. But if you want it, the person will be a hero and a grateful person.

Suppose he meets Yan Zhongzi, he may not be useless. If you take the Prince Pill, you can compete with the sun and the moon! Note 1. Hou Fangyu (1618~1654): a writer of Qing Dynasty.

The name is Chaozong. A native of Shangqiu (now part of Henan).

All lives in the late Ming Dynasty. Hou Fangyu was famous for his talents when he was young. He joined Fushe and socialized with famous people in the southeast. At that time, people regarded him, Fang Yizhi, Maoxiang and Chen Zhenhui as the four young masters.

Hou Fangyu is good at prose, and he is renowned for his ancient prose. His early articles were superficial and not very powerful; later he became more and more mature.

At that time, Hou Fangyu, Wei Xi and Wang Wan were regarded as the three great masters of the country. His works include biographies, vivid images, twists and turns, and the legendary writing style of the Tang Dynasty, with the characteristics of short stories.

His essays and letters, either denounced the powerful or expressed his true feelings, all show that his prose is smooth and unbridled. I can also write poetry.

His works include 10 volumes of "Collected Works of Zhuang Huitang" and 6 volumes of "Collected Poems of Siyitang". 2. Wang Xi: Ji Xi, King of Yan, was the forty-third monarch of the Yan Kingdom during the Warring States Period and the last monarch.

In the 28th year of King Xi's reign (227 BC), the son of King Xiao of Yan, the State of Qin attacked Yan and came to Yishui (Yixian County, Hebei Province). Crown Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke, Qin Wuyang and others to assassinate the King of Qin in the name of presenting the map of Dukang and the head of Qin general Fan Yuqi. However, the attempt failed but failed.

Prince Dan of Yan fled to Liaodong (now Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province), was beheaded by King Yan and presented to King Qin. In the 29th year of the reign of King Yan (226 BC), the King of Qin sent Wang Jian to lead an army to attack Yan. In October of the same year, he defeated Jicheng, the capital of Yan.

In the thirty-third year of King Xi of Yan (222 BC), King Xi of Yan was captured alive and the Yan Kingdom was destroyed. 3. Everything: adverb.

Uniformly; uniformly. "Guan Zi·Chen Riding a Horse": "The country has no coins, so the coins are based on grains.

The country's valleys are all ten-nine." "Historical Records: Biography of Li Si": "Most of the princes came to attack Qin. When traveling to Qin Er, he invites all guests to be chased away."

Sima Zhensuo Yin said: "Everything is like an example, and those who say "cut" are like cutting with a sharp knife. "The Emperor Guangwu's Records of the Later Han Dynasty": "Those who were ordered to be slaves and sued themselves, and the prison officials did not report it, were exempted from being treated as common people." Lu You of the Song Dynasty. Volume 6 of "Xue'an Notes": "Fang Da drove to the south, sweeping away all the laws and regulations, and even the posthumous names of his ancestors were forgotten."

4. Confucian's theory: Confucian's point of view. This is the theory of "Dan is guilty" mentioned above.

5. Rope: measured according to certain standards. 6. Evil: verb, hate; disgust.

7. Nie Zheng: (? - 397 BC), a knight-errant during the Warring States Period. He was a native of Zhi, South Korea (southeast of today's Jiyuan). He was famous as a knight-errant and one of the four great assassins in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Nie Zheng was a young man who was a chivalrous man. Because he killed people and killed people, he, his mother and sister fled to Qi (today's Shandong Province) to avoid trouble, and made a career out of butchering.

Yan Zhongzi, a doctor of Han Dynasty, fled to Puyang because of a feud with the Han Prime Minister Xia Lei (named Puppet). Hearing the name of Zheng Xia, he donated a huge sum of money to his mother to celebrate his birthday. He became friends with Zheng and asked him to be his friend. revenge. Three years after Nie Zheng waited for his mother's death, he remembered the kindness of Yan Zhongzi. He entered Yangzhai, the capital of Han Dynasty, alone with his sword. With the power of a white rainbow piercing the sun, he assassinated the knights on the steps, and then killed the knights and dozens of guards. people.

Because he was afraid of harming his sister Xi, who looked similar to himself, he destroyed his face with a sword, gouged out his eyes, and committed suicide by caesarean section. His sister searched for her younger brother's body in Han City, cried bitterly over the body, and crashed to death in front of Nie Zheng's body (one theory is that she died suddenly in front of Nie Zheng's body due to excessive grief).

His deeds can be found in "Historical Records·Biographies of Assassins". 8. To harm the public with private affairs: to harm justice or public morality due to private feelings.

Volume 1 of "Han Shi Wai Zhuan": "When Duke Bai of Chu was in trouble, the good man Youzhuang resigned from his mother and killed the king... When he arrived at the court, he was in a three-carriage. His servant said: 'The son is afraid , why not rebel? ' He said: 'Fear is my private life; the death of the king is my public.

I heard that a gentleman will not harm the public with his private interests. ’ Then he died. "

"Book of Han·The Biography of Huainan Li Wang Liu Chang": "In the past, Yao and Shun banished their flesh and blood, and the Duke of Zhou killed Guan Cai. "Song Qin Guan's "Bai Minzhong Lun": "If justice is important but kindness is light, then one should not harm the public with private interests. ”

9. The original genus of Chunshen: Lord Pingyuan, Lord Mengchang, Lord Chunshen. Original taste: the collective name of Lord Pingyuan of Zhao State and Lord Mengchang of Qi during the Warring States Period.

Han Bangu's "Xidu Fu": "Jiemu Yuanchang was named Ya Chunling. "Volume 4 of "Xiangzu Notes" by Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty: "It was also called "Yuanchang" in ancient times, and was called Lord Pingyuan of Zhao and Lord Mengchang of Qi, both of whom used the second character. "

Chunshen: refers to Chunshenjun. "Xunzi·Chengxiang": "When the birds are displayed, the foundation of Chunshen Road will be lost." "

Han Jiayi's "On the Passage of Qin": "At this time, Qi had Mengchang, Zhao had Pingyuan, Chu had Chunshen, and Wei had Xinling. These four kings are all wise and loyal. "

Tang Du Mu's poem "Chun Shenjun": "The martyrs want to repay the kindness of the country's soldiers. Who will be the innocent soul of Chun Shen? "10. Wufu: that is, Wufu.

Also known as Aconite, Wufu Piece, Black Aconite, Mingfu Pian, Ripe Aconite, Futien, Salt Aconite, Black Shunpian, and White Aconite. , cooked aconite, etc. It is the side root tuber (root) of Aconitum (cultivation product) of the Ranunculaceae plant.

It can treat excessive yin and yang, vomiting, coldness and pain in the heart and abdomen. , spleen diarrhea, cold dysentery, beriberi, edema, slow convulsion in children, wind-cold damp paralysis, stuttering and spasm, impotence, cold and yin in the uterus, ulcers, ulcers and all diseases caused by cold and cold, due to improper preparation or decoction of this product, or the dosage. If it is too large, it may cause poisoning.

Symptoms of poisoning include: burning in the mouth, numbness (starting from the fingers and gradually spreading to the whole body), salivation, nausea, possible vomiting, fatigue, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, and weak pulse. Regular (weak and slow), the skin is cold and sticky, the complexion is pale, and death may occur suddenly. 11. Jiucun: a chronic disease that cannot be cured for a long time. 12. San slow: refers to the plain and unremarkable poems. "Lengzhai Night Talk·Dongpo got Tao Yuanming's legacy": "Dongpo tasted it. 3. Prince Dan of Yan died as a hostage in Qin. Translation Yaoquan

Prince Dan of Yan who was a hostage in Qin fled back to Yan. He saw that the Qin State was about to annex the six countries, and now the Qin army was approaching Yishui. He was very worried for fear of disaster, so he said to his Taifu Jianwu: "Yan and Qin are not at odds with each other. I hope the Taifu can help me find a way." Jian Wu replied: "Qin's power spreads all over the world and its territory is vast. If they continue to use force to coerce Han, Zhao and Wei, then the situation of Yan north of Yishui is not certain. Why should they suffer the resentment of Qin? , Go and offend Qin?" The prince said, "What should we do?" The master said, "Please let me think about it carefully."

After some time, General Fan left Qin. He fled to Yan State, and the prince took him in. The Taifu admonished the Prince and said, "You can't do this. The King of Qin is cruel and has always held a grudge against the State of Yan. This is enough to scare people, not to mention that he knows that General Fan is here! This is like throwing meat to a hungry tiger. On the way, disaster is inevitable. I think that even if Guan Zhong and Yan Ying are reincarnated, they will not be able to save themselves. Prince, you should send General Fan to the Xiongnu quickly to prevent the news from leaking. Please let me go to the west to unite the three Jin states. Go to the south to unite with Qi and Chu, and go to the north to make peace with the Xiongnu, and then you can deal with Qin." Prince Dan said: "The plan of Taifu is very long, and I am so confused and worried that I can't wait for a moment. It’s not just here. General Fan came to me because he was desperate. How could I abandon my poor friend and send him to the Xiongnu just because of the threat from Qin? It’s time for me to fight hard, Taifu. We have to find another way." Jian Wu said: "There is a man named Tian Guang in Yan State. He is foresighted, brave and calm. You might as well discuss it with him." Prince Dan said, "I hope you can introduce me to me, okay?" Jianwu said, "Okay." So Jianwu went to see Tian Guang and said, "The prince would like to discuss state affairs with Mr. Tian." Tian Guang said, "I obey." So he went to see the prince.

The prince knelt down to greet Tian Guang, walked backwards to guide him, then knelt down to wipe the seat for Tian Guang.

After Tian Guang sat firmly and everyone on the left and right had withdrawn, the prince left the table and asked Tian Guang for advice: "Yan and Qin are not at odds with each other. I hope you, sir, can try your best to find a way to solve this matter." Tian Guang said, "I heard that there are good horses. When it is young and strong, it can gallop thousands of miles in a day, but when it is old and exhausted, even a bad horse can run ahead of it. The prince has heard about my condition in my prime, but he does not know how energetic I am now. It's exhausted. Even so, I don't dare to delay the state affairs. My good friend Jing Ke can take on this mission." The prince said, "I hope I can get to know Jing Ke through my husband." Tian Guang said, "Okay." After saying that, he stood up and walked out. The prince sent him to the door and warned him: "What I told you and what my husband just said are national affairs. I hope you will not leak them." Tian Guang lowered his head and smiled and said, "Okay." 4. Li Ao's question about Yan Later translation of the biography of Prince Dan

In the past, Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke to Qin, but failed to assassinate the First Emperor. When the Qin people came to attack, Wang Xi cut off Dan's head to offer it to Qin, and the country was destroyed. The Confucian scholar of the Song Dynasty said: "Dan is guilty of sin, so he wrote 'Zhan'".

The people of the Song Dynasty punished everything based on Confucianism. He hated Nie Zhengzhi for his personal harm to the public, and then combined it with Ke. He hated Chun Shen's family, and combined it with Prince Dan. For example, if there is a doctor who uses medicine, he does not know what the person's disease is, but just thinks that Wufu is not suitable for use. He only nourishes his intestines and stomach with a soothing medicine. How can it cure a long-term illness? Moreover, the world is full of scattered, slow-growing and heavy-weighted dead, so why should it be violent and violent? After the fall of the Song Dynasty, Qin Hui, Tang Si Tui and others used the word "provocation" to hijack the advisers and generals who killed the world, and always misled their country by making peace. Only a great Confucian like Kaoting can still see this. No wonder there have been many discussions and few successes in the past three hundred years!

But can Ke be a loyal minister and Dan a filial son? He said: Based on today's discussion, Ke can be regarded as a loyal minister. But if you want it, the person will be a hero and a grateful person. If he meets Yan Zhongzi, he may not be useless. If you take the Prince Pill, you can compete with the sun and the moon! 5. Translation of "Flying General" in classical Chinese

Li Guang was transferred from Wang Wei to general and sent troops to Yanmen to attack the Xiongnu. The Huns had more soldiers and defeated Li Guang's troops and captured Li Guang alive. Shan Yu had always heard that Li Guang was a capable person and ordered, "Li Guang must be brought alive!" Li Guang was injured and fell ill at the time, so the Huns cavalry placed Li Guang in a net bag between the two horses and lay down.

After walking for more than ten miles, Li Guang pretended to be dead and saw a Hun boy riding a good horse next to him. Li Guang suddenly jumped on the Hun boy's horse, pushed the Hun boy off and seized the horse. His bows and whip horses galloped south for dozens of miles, and when they met the remaining troops, they led them into the pass. The Huns sent hundreds of cavalry to pursue him. Li Guang ran and took the bow of the Hun boy and shot the chasing cavalry, so he was able to escape. So back to the capital, the Han court handed Li Guang over to law enforcement officials. The law enforcement officials judged that Li Guang suffered many casualties, and was captured alive by the Xiongnu. He should be beheaded, and after receiving grain as atonement, he became a commoner.

Original text:

From the "Historical Records of General Li" written by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty

The Later Han Dynasty used the city of Mayi to lure the chanyu, and sent the army to ambush the valley next to Mayi, and then spread across the country. He is a general of heroic cavalry and is under the command of a general who protects the army. At that time, Shan Yujue went away, but the Han army failed. Later, when he was four years old, Guang took the guards as generals and went out to Yanmen to attack the Xiongnu. The Huns had many soldiers, and they destroyed the Guang army and gave birth to Guang. Shanyu Su heard about Guang Xian and ordered him to say: "If you get Li Guang, he will be born." Hu rode Guang, and Guang was injured. After traveling for more than ten miles, Guang Xiang died. He looked at a Hu'er riding a good horse next to him. Guang temporarily jumped up to Hu'er's horse. Because he pushed the fallen boy, he took his bow and whipped the horse southward for dozens of miles to recover the rest of the army. Because of the introduction. The Huns' captors chased him with hundreds of horses. Guangxing took the Hu'er bow and shot the chasing horse, so that he could escape. So when he arrived in the Han Dynasty, he had many official posts under the Han Dynasty. Officials should be killed a lot in Guangzhou, and those born by captives should be killed and redeemed as common people.

Extended information

1. Summary of the work

"The Biography of General Li" is a historical biography created by Sima Qian, a historian and writer of the Han Dynasty, and is published in "Historical Records" 》Volume 109. This article creates the image of a tragic hero by describing the famous Han Dynasty general Li Guang, who was known as the "Flying General", for his wit, bravery, integrity and generosity, as well as his unfortunate experience of being denied a knighthood despite his meritorious service, and finally being forced to commit suicide.

The article's narrative highlights key events, makes good use of contrasting techniques, and pays attention to detailed descriptions. It is a famous biography in "Historical Records".

2. Creation background

During the process of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's conquest of the Xiongnu, countless brave and capable heroes emerged. Sima Qian had to write biographies for them, but he couldn't write biographies for them one by one. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing must be written about because they were the commanders of three large-scale expeditions against the Huns. In addition, Sima Qian chose Li Guang. This is due to various factors.

Li Guang was good at riding and shooting, was calm and resourceful, loved his soldiers, and had the qualities of a good general. Li Guang guarded the border for decades, and when the Huns invaded, he had outstanding military exploits and gained a reputation far and wide. The Huns called him the "Flying General of the Han Dynasty" ", to avoid them, and he has the reputation of a famous general; Li Guang said that "since the Han Dynasty, Guang was not included in the attack on the Huns." That is to say, he has experienced the whole process of conquering the Huns and has the qualifications of a long-time general. All of these are conditions that cannot be ignored. But what is more important is probably Li Guang's unfortunate experience.

Li Guang experienced the three dynasties of Wen, Jing and Wu in his life. During the reign of Emperor Wen, he was promoted to Zhonglang because of his meritorious service in fighting against the Huns. Emperor Wen was busy resting with the people and did not want to engage in war. Therefore, although he praised his talents, he regretted that he "did not meet the right time." During the reign of Emperor Jing, he participated in the pacification of the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion between Wu and Chu and made many military exploits. However, because he had received the seal of General Liang, his military exploits were cancelled.

During the reign of Emperor Wu, there was a large-scale expedition against the Huns. It stands to reason that Li Guang could accomplish a lot, but Emperor Wu placed great emphasis on his relatives, and other generals were not trusted no matter how prestigious they were. What's more, Li Guang has an upright and strong character, so neither Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty nor Wei Qing liked him. In addition, Li Guang was a loyal man. Every time he won a victory, he would give all the credit to his subordinates. Every time he lost a battle, he would take the responsibility and reward him based on his merits. Naturally, he would not be distinguished. Li Guang fought all his life but failed to get a title, which was caused by various factors. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said that he was "numerous", but he was just making excuses for his unwillingness to reuse Li Guang. In the entire war against the Xiongnu, the number of feudal lords was very small after all. The vast majority of soldiers either died in battle or, like Li Guang, did not receive fair treatment.

For those who were granted titles, Sima Qian not only recorded them in tables, but also selected Wei Qing and Huo Qubing as representative figures to write biographies; for those who were not granted titles, Sima Qian believed that it was better to select representative figures to write biographies. . Because of his unfortunate experience, Li Guang became Sima Qian's favorite candidate. He admired Li Guang's excellent character among ordinary soldiers, and sympathized with Li Guang's universal misfortune. To establish a biography for Li Guang is to establish a biography for ordinary generals, because he is indeed very representative.

This is Sima Qian's ingenious arrangement. Wei and Huo, as representatives of the feudal lords, were more or less fortunate because of their external achievements. They took advantage of the bloody battles and bloody sacrifices of their generals to gain their own glory. Wei and Huo's abilities may not be outstanding. Sima Qian even believed that they were only qualified to enter the "Biography of Ni Xing" (see Volume 6 of "Seventeen Histories of Shangxun"). Li Guang is different. He has been in the army for decades, lived and died with the soldiers, faced their fate, and integrated with the thoughts and feelings of the soldiers in countless arduous battles. Therefore, Sima Qian wrote a biography for Li Guang. 6. Classical Chinese translation

Wang Jian was from Pinyang Dongxiang. Few but good soldiers, serving Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang destroyed the three Jin Dynasties, defeated the King of Yan, and defeated the Jing divisions several times.

Qin general Li Xin, who was young and brave, tried to chase Yan Prince Dan into Yanshui with thousands of soldiers. He defeated the Dan and captured it. The First Emperor thought he was brave. So the First Emperor asked Li Xin: "If I want to capture Jing, how many people will I need as a general?" Li Xin said, "It will only take 200,000 people." The First Emperor asked Wang Jian, and Wang Jian said, "Not 600,000 people." No." The First Emperor said, "General Wang is old, why are you so timid? General Li is so brave, so he said so." Then he sent Li Xin and Meng Tian to march south to Jing. Wang Jian said he would not use it because he was ill and died in Pinyang. Li Xin attacked Pingyu, Meng Tian attacked Xi, and defeated Jing's army. Xin also attacked Yan and Ying and defeated them, so he led ④ troops to the west and met Meng Tian with the father of the city. The Jing people followed them and stayed there for three days and three nights. They defeated Li Xin's army and entered the two walls. They killed seven captains and the Qin army left.

When the First Emperor heard about it, he was furious. He rode as fast as the sun and saw Wang Jian thanking him. Said: "I think ⑥ does not need the general's strategy. Li Xinguo ⑦ humiliated ⑧ Qin.

Now I heard that Jing soldiers are marching westward. Although the general is ill, he can only bear to abandon the few! Wang Jian thanked him and said, "The king must use his ministers as a last resort, and it must be 600,000 people." "The First Emperor said: "To listen to the general's plan. "So Wang Jian sent 600,000 troops, and the First Emperor sent them to Bashang. Wang Jian went to invite people to live in beautiful fields and gardens. The First Emperor said: "General, you are gone, why worry about poverty? Wang Jian said: "As a general of the great king, you will not be granted the title of marquis if you have meritorious service. Therefore, when you come to the king's ministers, the ministers will also promptly invite the garden to serve as a karma for their descendants." "The First Emperor laughed. Now that Wang Jian was at the pass, his envoy returned to the five generations of people who asked for good land. Or he said: "The general's begging for money has gone too far. Wang Jian said, "No." My husband, the King of Qin, was ignorant and distrustful of others. Now that the soldiers of the Qin State have been entrusted to me, I will not ask for more land and houses for my descendants to strengthen myself, but I will order the King of Qin to sit down. Do you think I am evil? ”

When Jing heard that Wang Jian had come with an army, he learned that the soldiers in the country were resisting Qin. When Wang Jian arrived, he defended the wall and refused to fight. Jing’s soldiers challenged him several times, but they could not come out. Wang Jian retired on the day After bathing and bathing, he was good at eating and drinking, and ate with the soldiers for a long time. Wang Jian sent someone to ask: "Is there any drama in the army?" He said to him: "Fang throws stones beyond the distance." So Wang Jian said: "The soldiers are available." "

Jing challenged several people but Qin could not come out, so he led him east. Jian raised his troops to chase after him, and ordered his warriors to attack him, defeating Jing's army.

Translation of Difficult Words

1. Good: like. 2. Guo: correct. 4. Lead: lead. 6. Stop. With: because 7. Fruit: really 8 humiliation: to make... 10 things: why do things. 12: non: what must be done. 13. to refuse. 14: Wang Jian general: to lead, is a verb.

Translation

Wang Jian was fond of the art of war when he grew up.

Li Xin, a general of the State of Qin, was young, vigorous, brave and mighty. He once led thousands of soldiers to chase Prince Dan of Yan to Yanshui, and finally defeated the Yan army and captured Prince Dan. The King of Qin believed that Li Xinxian was brave. One day, King Qin asked Li Xin: "I want to attack Chu. In the opinion of the general, how many soldiers should I use?" Li Xin said: "No more than 200,000 people." "The king of Qin asked Wang Jian, and Wang Jian said: "It is impossible without 600,000 people. King Qin said: "General Wang is old, why should he be timid?" General Lee was decisive and brave, and his words were correct. So he sent Li Xin and Meng Tian to march south with 200,000 troops to attack Chu. Wang Jian's words were not accepted, so he excused himself from illness and returned to his hometown in Pinyang to retire. Li Xin attacked Pinghe, and Meng Tian attacked Xiyi. Defeated the Chu army. Li Xin then attacked Yan and Ying and won, so he led his troops to the west to meet up with Meng Tian in the city. The Chu army continued to pursue them for three days and three nights, and they were defeated. Li Xin's troops and the Qin army fled.

King Qin was very angry when he heard the news. He rushed to Pinyang by express train. When he saw Wang Jian, he apologized and said, "Because I didn't adopt your strategy, Li Xin." As expected, the Qin army was humiliated. Now I hear that the Chu army marches westward every day. Although the general is sick, can he have the heart to abandon me? Wang Jian said: "Your Majesty must use me as a last resort. It is impossible without 600,000 people." "The king of Qin said: "Just listen to the general's plan. "So Wang Jian set off with an army of 600,000, and the King of Qin personally went to Bashang to see him off. Before leaving, Wang Jian asked the First Emperor to reward him with a large number of fields and houses. Qin Shihuang said: "The general is about to lead an army, so why should you worry about poverty? ? Wang Jian said: "As the king's general, I have made great contributions, but I have never been able to be granted a title. Therefore, when the king entrusts me with important tasks, I ask the king to reward me with a land and house as a basis for the future life of my descendants." Qin Shihuang couldn't help but laugh loudly after hearing this. After Wang Jian led his army to the pass, he sent envoys five times to ask for rewards from the First Emperor. Someone advised Wang Jian: "The general's request for rewards seems a bit excessive." Wang Jian said: "You are wrong." Your Majesty is seriously ill and is not employing people professionally. Now you have entrusted all the troops of Qin State to me. If I don’t have to ask for a farm and a house for my descendants many times under the pretext of seeking future livelihood security for my descendants, how can I ask Your Majesty to sit in the palace and treat me like this? Suspicious? "

Wang Jian finally replaced Li Xin and attacked Chu. When the king of Chu learned that Wang Jian had sent more troops, he used all his troops to resist the Qin soldiers.

Wang Jian arrived at the battlefield, built a strong fortress and took a defensive position, refusing to send troops to fight. The Chu army challenged him many times but could not hold on. Wang Jian asked the soldiers to rest and bathe every day, provided them with high-quality meals to comfort them, and personally drank and ate with the soldiers. After a while, Wang Jian sent someone to ask what games were played among the soldiers. He came back and reported: "There is a stone-throwing competition to see who can throw the farthest." So Wang Jian said: "The soldiers can be used."

As expected, Wang Jian took Li Xin's place to attack Chu and defeated the Chu army. 7. Hate Nie Zheng because he harmed the public for private purposes, but it is not the same as Yu Ke

Hate Nie Zheng because he harmed the public personally, but it is not the same as Yu Ke. It means that people who hate Nie Zheng because he harmed the country, So Jing Ke was also classified in this way.

From "Prince Dan Lun" by Hou Fangyu of the Qing Dynasty.

Original text

In the past, Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke to Qin, but failed to assassinate the First Emperor. When the Qin people came to attack, Wang Xi cut off Dan's head to offer it to Qin, and the country was destroyed. . The Confucian scholar of the Song Dynasty said: "Dan is guilty of sin, so he wrote 'Zhan'".

The people of the Song Dynasty punished everything based on Confucianism. He hated Nie Zhengzhi for his personal harm to the public, and then combined it with Ke. He hated Chun Shen's family, and combined it with Prince Dan. For example, if there is a doctor who uses medicine, he does not know what the person's disease is, but just thinks that Wufu is not suitable for use. He only nourishes his intestines and stomach with a soothing medicine. How can it cure a long-term illness? Moreover, the world is full of scattered, slow-growing and heavy-weighted dead, so why should it be violent and violent? After the fall of the Song Dynasty, Qin Hui, Tang Si Tui and others used the word "provocation" to hijack the advisers and generals who killed the world, and always misled their country by making peace. Only a great Confucian like Kaoting can still see this. No wonder there have been many discussions and few successes in the past three hundred years!

But can Ke be a loyal minister and Dan a filial son? He said: Based on today's discussion, Ke can be regarded as a loyal minister. But if you want it, the person will be a hero and a grateful person. If he meets Yan Zhongzi, he may not be useless. If you take the Prince Pill, you can compete with the sun and the moon!

Eventually it also perished. Confucian scholars in the Song Dynasty said: "Prince Dan was guilty, so the book said 'Behead'."

People in the Song Dynasty have always praised the opinions of Confucianists. People who hated Nie Zheng because he harmed the country, so Jing Ke was also classified in this way, and they hated Chun Shen's family members, so Prince Dan was also hated for this. For example, some people need to take medicine for treatment, but without observing the disease, they simply think that it cannot be used when there is acne. If they use soothing and soothing medicine to nourish the intestines and stomach every day, how can they cure long-term chronic diseases? Besides, there have always been many people in the world who died of being sloppy and fat, so why should we say that he was violent? The Song Dynasty fell because people like Qin Hui and Tang Situi used very provocative remarks every day to hold the world's advisers and generals hostage, always trying to make peace and ruining the country. Only a great Confucian named Kaoting could see such a thing, so don’t blame it for the fact that in the past three hundred years, there have been many discussions but very few successes!

However, Jing Ke was a loyal minister and Prince Dan of Yan was a filial son? Said: Judging from today’s remarks, Jing Ke is a loyal minister. More importantly, this man is not only a hero, he is also very grateful. Assuming that he met Yan Zhongzi, he might not be unable to be used. A person like Prince Dan can compete with the sun and the moon!