At the 20 10 nobel peace prize awarding ceremony, officials compared Liu to "Javier who messed up the Czech Republic"

This is the official evaluation.

Main experience

Javier was a writer at first, a pure writer. He was expelled from the Writers Association for criticizing the speech control of literary works.

During the Prague Spring (the Czech Republic's * * * reform was finally suppressed by the Soviet Union), he delivered a speech on the Second X, and the Soviet Union continued to comment after sending troops. "He was publicly criticized by Czechoslovakian officials, his works disappeared from the library, his home was bugged and sent to work in a brewery."

However, he continued to insist on his own opinions and co-published the famous Charter of July 7th, so he was imprisoned several times. During this period, Javier's deeds and works were widely circulated, and he continued to preach civil liberties and rights after he was released from prison.

He was elected president only 42 days after he was released from prison in the first democratic election in Eastern Europe, and Czechoslovakia disintegrated in 1992 (known as the Velvet Revolution in history). By the way, these two countries were originally part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Czechoslovakia was founded after World War I, and Slovakia was independent with the support of Germany during World War II. After World War II, with the support of the Soviet Union, the two countries were reunified. Kloc-0/992 Due to dissatisfaction with the economic gap caused by the economic reform, the Federation was dissolved by the parliamentary vote.59666.999999999996

During this period, Javier publicized his understanding of democracy and popularized it in various ways.

1993 was re-elected as president, and was re-elected midway until he left office in 2003.

20 1 1 passed away.

Javier, whether a politician or a writer, is closely related to politics. His works are mainly related to civil rights, including Unlawful Power, Letters in Prison, An Open Letter to Hu and the Significance of the July 7th Charter, Letter to Olga, Story and Totalitarianism, Second Breath, Politics and Conscience, Autobiography of vaclav havel, Anti-Symbolism, Anti-Symbolism, etc.

One more thing, regarding the Czech Republic, before 1989, all Czech grains in European granaries should be imported. After that, the Czech Republic became a developed country in 2006, with an average annual GDP of10 of $ 18256 (the 38th in the world).

The separation of powers and bicameral system in Czech politics are closely related to Javier and Kundera's political ideas.

The Czech Republic held a state funeral for Javier 20 1 1 and a salute 2 1.

Javier's political comments should not be published now. After all, his political ideas have just been implemented for less than 20 years and have achieved initial results. But the stability of a country's political situation directly depends on the country's political system, which needs to be seen bit by bit.

However, in the popularization of civil rights, there is a high evaluation of this point, as Gu Cheng said, "Darkness gives black eyes, but I use it to find light."

Many concrete civil rights we accept come from Javier's works.