For primary school students, in-class learning is the main place for learning, but it is not enough to do this alone. It must also be combined with certain extracurricular reading. The writer Mao Dun once said: "There are only a few thin textbooks in the classroom, so we can't talk much. We must vigorously carry out extracurricular reading and holiday reading." The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" provide guidance on extracurricular reading for primary school students in each grade. With specific and clear regulations, it can be seen that extracurricular reading occupies a considerable proportion in Chinese teaching. The former Soviet educator Suhomlinsky once said: "The way to make students smart is not to make up lessons or increase the amount of homework, but to read, read, and read again." Therefore, for schools, it is important to guide students to Effective extracurricular reading is particularly important now.
1. Create an environment and create an atmosphere for reading
The reading environment ranges from the construction of the campus environment to the layout of the classroom. The entire environment construction of the school should be centered on the development and improvement of students, reflecting that students are the masters of the campus, satisfying students' desire for knowledge, and stimulating their interest in learning. Studying in a school full of books and a strong cultural atmosphere, students can gain insights and thoughts from the "scenery" they observe, and are always reminded to love reading.
1. The "Happy Learning of Ancient Poetry" cultural wall is arranged on the school playground. Wall posters of reading contents are arranged on the walls inside the building. There are also many beautiful poems on the stairs. Famous reading aphorisms are played on the big screen every day.
2. Traditional cultural classic nursery rhymes such as "Warning World Sages" and "New School Song" are played on the radio before recess every day, making classic famous sentences familiar.
3. Red Scarf Radio recommends good books to students and reads students’ outstanding reading essays.
4. Build a classroom environment with the theme of "Happy Reading". Each class will set up a book cabinet. There will be no less than 150 books in each book corner. The sources of books can be brought by students, purchased by the class, The school supplements and arranges special personnel to manage and carry out independent reading.
5. Strengthen the construction and management of school libraries, regularly replenish the books needed for students' growth, and conscientiously lend out books regularly, so that students can freely choose their favorite books.
6. Create a good home reading environment. The first is to hold parent-teacher meetings every semester to change the old ideas of some parents, win their support, make parents aware of the importance of extracurricular reading, buy extracurricular books for their children, and ensure that extracurricular readings have sources and that extracurricular reading is supervised.
2. Reasonable recommendations to help choose useful reading materials
Primary school students have a strong thirst for knowledge and have a strong ability to accept new things, but they lack the ability to distinguish right from wrong. Teachers should consider the age of the students Characteristics, ideological status, reading ability, interests and hobbies, carefully help students choose reading materials that are healthy and they like.
1. Recommended books for each semester. The literacy level of first and second grade students is still limited, and they generally read phonetic children's books and picture books. Such as "Andersen's Fairy Tales", "Guess How Much I Love You", etc. Third- and fourth-grade students have a certain amount of literacy, and the children are transitioning from image thinking to abstract thinking. At this time, some children's literature can be recommended to the children, such as "Crickets in Times Square" and "Little Doudou by the Window". Students in fifth and sixth grade are interested in the tense, adventure or biographical stories of human beings seeking to survive, conquer and exploit nature, such as "Robinson Crusoe", "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", "100 Scientist Stories", etc. .
2. Choose reading materials that match the Chinese teaching materials. Mr. Ye Shengtao believes: “Encouragement and guidance for extracurricular reading must be carried out in conjunction with teaching materials at any time.” Therefore, students’ extracurricular reading should be centered around classroom teaching, with in-class activities leading to extra-curricular activities, and extra-curricular activities enriching in-class activities. For example, after learning "Ten Miles Long Street to Send the Prime Minister off", you can recommend "Zhou Enlai" to students; after learning "The Straw Boat Borrowing Arrows", you can recommend "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" to students; after learning "The Cricket's House", you can recommend "Insects" to students "; after studying "The Last War Elephant", you can recommend Shen Shixi's series of animal novels to students. After students have studied an article by an author in class, the teacher can then introduce his other works and related anecdotes to encourage students to read more articles about knowledge. This can increase the amount of reading and deepen students' understanding of the content of the author's works. Understanding and grasp of his writing style.
3. Choose reading materials that match students’ sense of identity. Confucius said: "Those who know well are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who are happy." When a student reads a book that he likes to read, he will read it with gusto and be completely immersed in the world of the book and the characters in the book. Same joy and same sadness. When students read books they don't like, they will feel boring and incomprehensible. Only when students are interested in reading materials can they take the initiative to read and think actively. Allowing students to freely choose the books they like to read is an expression of respect for students' individuality. Nowadays, there are some excellent children's periodicals that are very popular among students because they are rich in pictures and texts, activate innovative thinking, and grasp the pulse of the times, such as "Smart Boys", "Inside and Out of the Classroom", "Youth World", etc. Such readings will increase students' interest in reading. Children are naturally fond of fantasy, which determines their love for reading fantasy stories, such as "Chinese Mythical Stories", "Grimm's Fairy Tales", "One Thousand and One Nights", "Around the World in Eighty Days", etc.
3. Stimulate interest and encourage students to love reading
Interest is the most direct, active and realistic factor that affects learning activities. Piaget said: "Children are proactive people. What is taught must arouse children's interest and meet their needs in order to effectively arouse their interest." Many times, students do not like reading because they No interest. Only when students have an interest in reading can they have an active need for extracurricular reading from the bottom of their hearts. Therefore, teachers should work hard to stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading, so that they can happily read outside the classroom and happily accept the Chinese knowledge they want to learn.
1. Make use of the teacher’s role model. To make students love reading, teachers must first love reading. It is difficult to imagine that a teacher who does not like reading will teach students who love reading. A teacher who loves reading will reveal a strong bookishness in his speech and behavior, and will lead every student into the world of books. The role of a teacher's example is immeasurable.
2. Tell stories skillfully to arouse interest in reading. Everyone loves to listen to stories, especially younger children. He may find it difficult to read the text, but he is keen to listen to the stories. At home, parents can tell stories to their children before going to bed, stopping abruptly at critical moments, triggering children's desire to explore the plot of the story in the book. At school, with the teachers’ eloquent and eloquent narration, the intensified and exaggerated storyline has already brought the children into an emotion that is either interesting, thrilling, strange, touching, or suspenseful. In the world, when students are listening with gusto, teachers will seize the opportunity to recommend relevant reading materials to students. This will make students feel the temptation of extracurricular readings and take the initiative to read.
3. Talk freely about feelings and communicate with others. Everyone who loves reading can't help but talk about the books they have read. Through mutual communication, we can accumulate rich reading experience together. Teachers should often organize students to talk about their gains and experiences after reading, and use "experiential explanations" to arouse students' emotional excitement and generate a strong desire to read. At the same time, there is a plan to purposely collect some famous quotes about reading for comment and appreciation; tell the stories of famous people who became talented through reading for comparison and education, thereby stimulating students' admiration for readers, desire for books, and forming a desire to make friends with books. Strong intention. In this way, students will actively carry out extensive reading attempts in their spare time.
4. Carry out activities to ensure solid and effective reading
Suhomlinsky pointed out: “The joy of success is a huge force, which can promote children to learn well. Please be careful not to let this inner power disappear under any circumstances. Without this power, any clever measures in education will be of no avail. "Carry out a variety of extracurricular reading activities so that students can enjoy them. The joy of success is a green channel for students to read effectively. For example, a "Reading Month" activity is held at the beginning of the school year, allowing students to bring the books they have read during the holidays to the class to share; every month the whole class reads a book together, and holds a class reading exchange meeting to build a solid foundation for students' reading. *A communication platform for learning, display and sharing; the school's annual reading festival series, "Little Bibliophiles" activities, "My Favorite Good Book" recommendation, "My Story with Books" collection, "Reading Thoughts" "Essay competitions, handwritten newspaper exhibitions on reading topics, and competition to become a reading star are all big stages for students to show off their reading achievements.
In addition, teachers should also teach students reading methods, such as intensive reading, browsing, silent reading and reading notes, so that they not only love reading, but also know how to read, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.
“Ask the canal where it is so clear, so that there is a source of running water.” Only when students truly love reading, develop good reading habits, and have certain extracurricular reading abilities can they enrich their knowledge. Only by improving your Chinese literacy can you keep up with the development of the times and become the master of the future.