Jian Ping
September 8th every year is "World Journalist Day". This festival commemorates the Czech anti-fascist fighter, journalist, and writer Julius Vol Chik and established. On September 8, 1943, Fuchik was hanged by the German Nazis in Berlin's Blochens Prison. Although he was only forty years old when he died, he wrote the immortal masterpiece "Hanging" in Prague's Ponkratz Prison after his arrest. "Report under the Shelf" will be remembered by the world forever.
In September 2019, my friends and I made a special trip to Prague. With the help of the Czech Vucik Association, we carefully visited the places where Vucik lived, worked, and fought. As time goes by and history changes, Fuchik landmarks are now visible or hidden in this city.
Dushkovo Street No. 20: Birthplace
Dushkovo Street is a long street in Smikhov District, very straight, until Little St. A curved line was drawn near the Lanna Cemetery and continued to extend forward. But more than a hundred years ago, this was already the end of the street. No. 20 Dushkovo Street is a five-story building. On February 23, 1903, Fuchik was born on the first floor of this building.
The building in front of you has an earthy stone exterior wall. There are three rooms on the left side of the door. The first and second rooms were the residences of the Fuchik family. , there is a stone-engraved commemorative plaque on the wall between the two windows, shaped like an open book, with the year, month and day of Fuchik's birth written on it.
Vucik has been able to recite many poems from the famous Czech poet Neruda's "Flowers in the Cemetery" for a long time. In Neruda's writings, the Maison Strana Cemetery is picturesque. Looking out from the window of his house, there is a green hillside on the opposite side of the street. There is a house called "Pertramka" on the hillside. Fuchik often imagines that the musician Mozart composed it in the house many years ago. scene. There is an upward slope from the home, and from here Fuchik can see the high walls of the Linhof Machine Manufacturing Factory where his father works. Through on-the-spot visits, I gained an intuitive understanding of the environment in which Fuchik grew up, and thus gained a deeper understanding of him.
Fucik grew up in such an environment - on the one hand, he was influenced by the literature and art given by Neruda and Mozart; on the other hand, he witnessed the social chaos living in the society. The hardships of the workers at the bottom prompted him to become a passionate young man with ideals and passion who not only loves literature and art, but also cares about the suffering of the people and opposes social injustice. In this way, it is not difficult to understand why this child, who has been talented in writing, poetry, and acting since he was a child, founded the comprehensive magazine "Slavs" weekly at the age of twelve, and became *** *** at the age of fifteen The organizer of the movement joined the Czechoslovak Communist Party at the age of eighteen. Introduction to Julius Vucik. He continued to diligently conduct literary research and creation even when the underground struggle was at its most intense. However, I am thinking that if he had not taken up arms to resist the fascist invasion and joined the revolution in pursuit of building a better society, then Fuchik would have lived his whole life just like his "long-standing ideal". Dedicated to the literary cause of the motherland, because he believed that the voice of the people can be heard in literature, and this voice will make people never lose their way in the darkness.
No. 1133 Situsi Street: Place of Arrest
Situsi Street is located in the 14th district of Prague, not far from Ponkracz Prison. Compared with the city center, this area is relatively secluded, so since the 1930s and 1940s, a large number of new residential areas have been built here; unlike the old buildings with traces of time, the new residential areas are endowed with modern and comfortable concepts. At about ten o'clock in the evening on April 24, 1942, Fucik was arrested by the Gestapo in the new building at 1133 West St. West.
Today, this residential area is lined with trees and still peaceful. The buildings built earlier have not changed much, and even the house numbers have not changed.
Pushing open the half-open and half-closed iron door, walking down five cement steps, you will see a row of dark yellow and light yellow four-story buildings in front of you. We found the room where Fuchik was arrested. It was the first room on the first floor of the building on the far right.
On that night seventy-seven years ago, a thrilling arrest occurred here. At that time, the owners of this house were tram worker Yelinek and his wife. After the fall of the Czech Republic, they both devoted themselves to underground work against fascism. Their home therefore became a base for Fuchik to secretly communicate with others. That night, under the tip of Dvo?ák, the spy who broke into the Communist Party, the Gestapo rushed to the door. There were six people in the house at that time. After nine heavily armed Gestapo broke in, they did not find Fuchik standing in the darkness behind him. The Gestapo forced the five people together and pointed their guns at them. Fuchik, who had two pistols, wanted to shoot, but after hesitating for two or three seconds, he chose to stand up and threw away the two pistols with the safety on. Go to the bed and surrender. Years later, Fuchik's choice was questioned, with many believing he should have fired to resist arrest.
But after I read what Fuqik himself and others had written about the arrest, I admired Fuqik’s choice at that time. Fuchik is a calm, dedicated man with faith, will and perseverance. At the same time, he also has the noble morality of an intellectual. I think Fucik’s choice was based on two points: First, he may have felt that if he fired, the Gestapo would definitely fight back, and the exchange of fire between the two sides would most likely threaten the lives of the five people. Maybe they would first Because he was killed; even if he shot himself, the gunshot would have attracted the attention of the Gestapo and they might still be killed; secondly, Fucik did not want others to be arrested while he escaped, otherwise he would be burdened Moral infamy, he will be condemned by his conscience all his life, and he will live and die with other comrades.
I remember Fucik once described Yelinek's home as being incredibly neat, with some photos hanging on the walls, and the furniture and bookshelves being simple, elegant, smooth and up-to-date. I looked outside and saw that a window was open and the screen was dancing in the autumn wind. At the same time, the sound of children's play came from the high platform to the left of the iron gate. They were laughing and chasing each other in the sunshine, completely unaware that there had been a dark and terrifying night here.
Pecek Palace: Torture Chamber
There is a very beautiful building near Wenceslas Square in the city center called "Pecek Palace", which is now a Czech industrial and the seat of the Ministry of Commerce and Trade. On the wall at the corner of the Pecek Palace stands a commemorative plaque made of copper. On one side is written Vucik's aphorism "People, be awake". On the other side is a statue of an anti-fascist patriot, with the year next to it: 1939. -1945. Since the German invasion in 1939, this private residence of the millionaire Pecek has been occupied by the Nazis. The German Gestapo headquarters in Prague is located here. From 1939 to 1945, this beautiful building became a place of crime for the persecution of anti-fascist patriots.
On the night of his arrest, Fucik was taken to the Pecek Palace, where he underwent an extremely cruel interrogation. We walked into the Pecek Palace and walked into the basement. This was once the waiting room in the torture chamber set up by the Gestapo, and now it has been opened as a special memorial hall. Kurvannik, who gave us the explanation, is the vice-president of the Czech Freedom Fighters Union and a retired colonel.
I saw an interrogation room filled with various instruments of torture, a dark and narrow single-person detention room, and stretchers used to carry people who were knocked unconscious or even sacrificed... What shocked me was that When I walked into the notorious "cinema", Kurvannik's expression suddenly changed, he pointed at me with the explanation stick in his hand, and ordered me to sit down on the row of dark brown benches without backrests and armrests. He asked me to stand up straight, with my legs together, my hands flat on my knees, and my face facing the blank wall - and then I realized that he wanted me to experience for myself how the Gestapo interrogated and tortured me here. Of lofty ideals.
Fuchik once described the details: The so-called "cinema" is the waiting room, a spacious room with six rows of benches. The people under trial sit upright on the benches. In front of them is a bare wall. Like a movie theater screen, the Gestapo then asked the interrogator to look at the wall and "play a movie" of the past over and over in his mind. Fuchik said: "I have watched the film about myself hundreds of times here, and the details of this film thousands of times, and now I try to narrate it." This is what happens every time he After being interrogated at the Pecek Palace and returning to Ponkratz Prison, he used a pencil to write the world-famous book "Report from the Gallows" on scraps of paper.
I asked Kulwanik whether the row of benches I am sitting on are from those days or were copied later. He told me that this was the stool that Fuchik and many other patriots had sat on. It was a real object and a historical legacy. Looking at the holes of different sizes on the faded bench, touching the texture of the wood itself and the scratches left by people, I was deeply shocked. Perhaps some historical heritage should be allowed to be touched by people, just like the "cinema" in the Pecek Palace. Only by sitting on a bench in person can one feel how patriots fought for ideals and freedom in this "hell on earth" , who sacrificed their blood and lives for the future.
Holeshowice Station: Monument
Holeshowice Station combines a railway station and a metro station, and is bustling with people and a constant flow of people. This station was called "Fuchik Station" when it was first built, and was changed to its current name after 1989. At that time, in order to commemorate Fuchik, two marble pillars in the station hall were made into monuments, with reliefs of Fuchik's profile and famous quotes handed down by Fuchik respectively.
But today, when I stepped into the station and came to the monument, the situation I saw was unsettling. After the system change, Julius Fucik’s introduction, there is a trend of thought in the Czech Republic that denies Fucik. Some people think that Fucik is a figure who has been put on a altar and mythized, so his statue It was moved out of the National Museum and the name of Fuchik Park near the station was changed. Before going to the station, I visited the original Fucik Park. Anyway, the statue that used to stand in front of the park is still there. It was just moved to the Orshany Cemetery, but the side of Fucik in the station The relief of the head was dug out, and now only an outline remains. This outline makes people feel frightened. The eyes are so abrupt, as if they are staring at the world with wide eyes. I stood in front of the damaged relief for a long time and felt that it was unobjective and unfair for an anti-fascist hero who died heroically to bear the consequences of being mythologized by future generations, and the various myths created by modern society are also unacceptable. Fortunately, Fuchik's famous saying engraved on another marble tablet is still there: "We live for joy, fight for joy, and we will die for joy. Therefore, never let sorrow be associated with our names." Together.”
The Vucic Monument disappeared at Holeshowice Station. Fortunately, there is still a Vucic monument in a street garden in a quiet residential area on the outskirts of Prague. Gram's memorial monument. There is also a relief sculpture of Fuchik's profile head on this poetry monument. What moved me the most was a short poem engraved on the poetry monument: "He is not dead, he is still alive, shining on every place and everyone."
Not far from the poem monument, there is a small river hidden among the green trees. The water of the river flows into the distance. I looked down at the river and thought about what Fuchik wrote in "Report from the Gallows": "I love life, and I have fought for the beauty of life. People, I love you, and when you do the same When you love me in return, I am happy; when you don’t understand me, I am in pain. If I have offended anyone, please forgive me! If I have comforted anyone, please forget me. ! "Looking for Vucic's landmarks in Prague seems to be the most appropriate conclusion that Vucic has prepared for us.
At this time, I felt that the gurgling river was flowing through my heart...