Confucius had 3000 students successively. He treats people equally, regardless of their status, wealth or closeness.
Only a few of his students are nobles, and most of them are civilians. There are rich people and poor people among ordinary students. Zi Gong's family was rich, and Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Zhong Gong, Luz, Yuan Xian and Min Ziqian were all poor students. Yan Hui is too poor to buy a bowl. He used a bamboo tube to hold rice and a ladle to drink water, and Confucius praised him the most. No matter rich or poor, Confucius tirelessly taught people, answered questions, strictly demanded them and gave them careful guidance. These students from different backgrounds who were educated by him all became outstanding talents in the society at that time and made contributions to politics, economy, culture and education respectively. If Confucius dislikes poverty and loves wealth, it is impossible for outstanding students from poor backgrounds to stand out. If Confucius was not strict with rich children, Zigong could not have grown into a famous politician and a generation of Confucian businessmen.
Apollo, the son of Confucius, was educated with his students. There is a chapter in The Analects:
Ask Yu Boyu: "Do you have different opinions? (There is a question mark here) "
Yes: "Not yet. When you taste independence, carp often goes beyond the court. Say:' How about learning poetry? (There is a question mark here) It is:' Not yet. If you don't learn this poem, there is nothing to say. Carp retired to study poetry. One day, when it is independent, the carp will rush through the court. Xia Xia:' How about learning manners? (There is a question mark here) It is:' Not yet. "If you don't learn manners, you can't stand it. "Carp dropout etiquette. Vince, both. "
Chen Kang stepped back and said cheerfully, "Ask one and there will be three. You can smell poetry, you can smell ceremony, and you can smell the son of a gentleman. " (Chapter 13 of Historical Records) Chen Kang, a student, asked Apollo, the son of Confucius, "Did you hear different teachings from the teacher?" (There is a question mark here) "
"No," Apollo replied. One day he was standing alone in the yard, and I quickly passed by the yard. He asked, "Have you ever studied poetry?" I replied,' No,' and he said,' If you don't learn poetry, you can't express your feelings with poetry. I went back to study poetry. Another day, he was standing alone in the yard, and I quickly walked by the yard. He asked, "Have you ever learned manners? (There is a question mark here) I answered' No', and he said,' If you don't learn manners, you can't stand on the society.' I went back to learn manners. I heard him say these two things. "
Chen Kang went back and said happily, "Ask one thing and you will get three gains. You know the meaning of learning poetry, the meaning of learning etiquette, and that a gentleman is not partial to his son. " ) Confucius is close to every student and cares about every student. There is no distinction between likes and dislikes and closeness, and there is no partiality for sons. He taught the same knowledge equally strictly. Student Zi Gong said that his teacher "never tires of learning and has wisdom;" Teach people tirelessly and be kind to others. "Confucius tirelessly educates students with the wisdom of the wise and the love of the benevolent. He loved his students, and some of them suffered misfortune. He was very sad. The Analects of Confucius has the following three chapters:
When Berniu was ill, his son asked him, took his hand and said, "If you die, you will die!" " People also have their own diseases! People in Sri Lanka also have diseases! "(Chapter 10 of Yongye) (Student Bo Niu was ill, so Confucius went to visit him and took his hand from the window and said," It's hopeless, this is life! "How can such a person get this disease! How can such a person get this disease! " ) Yan Yuan is dead. Confucius said, "Hey! The day has passed! The sky is lost! " (Chapter 9 of Advanced) When Yan Hui died, Confucius said, "Cough! God wants my life! God wants my life! " ) Yan Yuan died, and his son was crying. The follower said, "I'm afraid." Say, "What's the matter? (There is a question mark here) If it's not your wife's fault, who will? (There is a question mark here) (Advanced Chapter 10) When Yan Hui died, Confucius cried his face changed. The attendant said, "The old gentleman is too hurt. Confucius said, "Is it so painful? (There is a question mark here) If you don't feel pain for such a person, who else? (There is a question mark here) ") Confucius' student Bo Niu, namely Ran Geng; Suffering from leprosy, he was isolated from visitors, but Confucius went to visit. He was not afraid of infection and held the patient's hand through the window. Yan Hui is the most diligent and practical student and is often praised by Confucius. The word "fear" was marked by Zheng Xuan as "changing face"
It means extremely painful. Confucius advocated "mourning without hurting". Because of Yan Hui's death, he couldn't help crying to the point of pain. Some of his students have received father-son education, such as Zeng Shen and his son, Yan Hui and his son. His students regard him as their father and brother, and he treats his students as children.
Confucius was kind and gentle to his students, and strict and stern. He also lost his temper with the students. On one occasion, a student lied and slept in broad daylight, and he severely criticized:
Zaiying sleeps during the day. Confucius said, "You can't carve rotten wood or dung walls." : What is the punishment given? (There is a question mark here) "Confucius said:" I started with others, I listened to what I said and believed what I did; Today, I am a man. I listen to his words and watch his actions. Giving and changing are. " (Chapter 10 of Gongye Chang) (Zaiyu sleeps during the day. Confucius said, "Rotten wood can't be carved, and the wall of dung heap can't be wiped.": "Why do you blame this man for being slaughtered?" A few days later, he said, "At first, I listened to his words and believed in people's behavior; Now I treat people, listen to their words and observe their actions. I changed my attitude after being slaughtered. " ) This chapter has two paragraphs. The first paragraph says that "rotten wood cannot be carved, nor can the wall of dung be carved". The latter part of the criticism is inconsistent with words and deeds. It is a very severe criticism and shows no mercy. This is the angry words produced by love, because love is deep, so it is imperative. Having said that, Confucius did not expel the student, but continued to educate him. Later generations spread this sentence of Confucius and became a famous saying: "Rotten wood cannot be carved, nor can the wall of dung be carved." According to the Analects of Confucius, Confucius was very angry with his students because of the wrong behavior of Ran Qiu:
The Ji family was rich in Duke Zhou, and he also sought to accumulate and benefit from it. Confucius said, "I am not a disciple. That boy can attack with drums! " (Chapter 17 of Advanced) Ji is richer than the Duke of Zhou, and Ran Qiu is still searching for people's cream for him in an attempt to increase his wealth. Confucius said, "He is not my disciple. His disciples can denounce him with great fanfare!" " According to Zuo Zhuan, in the twenty-first and twenty-second years of mourning for the public, Ji, the ruler of the State of Lu, formulated a new land tax system and increased taxes on farmers. Ran Qiu, an official under Ji Shi, asked Ran Qiu to ask Confucius for advice. Confucius advocated "thin tax collection" and disagreed with tax increase. However, Ran Qiu can't resist the pressure from the family, and still implements the system of increasing taxes in the places it manages. This violated the political principles of Confucius, who criticized Ran Qiu the most severely. Ran Qiu, who helped Ji Jiaju get together, corrected his mistakes after criticism, and their teacher-student relationship is still very good. When Confucius was sixty-eight, it was this Ran Qiu who persuaded the King of Lu to take Confucius back to Lu.
From this chapter and other chapters, we can see that Confucius and his students have maintained a lifelong relationship between teachers and students. Confucius once recommended some students to be officials in politics. After they became officials, they often came to him for advice. He still cares about them and always tirelessly teaches people, praises their achievements, criticizes and corrects their shortcomings and mistakes. Unlike modern society, some students graduated from school and forgot their teachers' names, so they met in the street and became passers-by.
Why is the relationship between Confucius and students so good? (There is a question mark here) It can be summed up in eight words: respect teachers and love students, equality and friendship. Respect for teachers and respect for morality, as the students quoted above said, teachers "learn my way and ask my courtesy", enrich our knowledge, cultivate our moral character and make us grow into talents. This is what modern people often say, parents give us life, and teachers cultivate us into people who are beneficial to society. If you understand this truth, you will respect the teacher consciously. Love students, as mentioned above, tirelessly teach and educate people, treat students as children, and always care about and teach their growth. This is out of the sense of responsibility and mission of cultivating talents for the society, and out of the love and responsible love for students. The relationship between respecting teachers and loving students is relative, and there is no sense of social responsibility and mission and no love for students. How can students respect their teachers? Respect for teachers and love for students must be based on equality and friendship between teachers and students. How did Confucius do it?
Confucius is very frank with his students and has nothing to say to others.
Confucius said: Do the second sons and the third sons take me as their secret? (There is a question mark here) I have nothing to hide. If I don't do anything without two or three sons, it's Ye Qiu. Confucius said: Do you students think I'm hiding something? (There is a question mark here) I have nothing to hide from you. I don't have any activities that I don't disclose to you. This is what I look like in Kong Qiu. ) Confucius lived with students all the year round, especially after traveling around the world 14 years. Groups of students follow closely, live together day and night, share weal and woe, and know each other's ideological character, advantages and disadvantages, and activities like the back of their hands. Confucius attracted students with profound knowledge, influenced them with noble character and United them with love. He is approachable, polite, respects students, does not put on the shelf of "being a teacher", does not think that he is superior but condescending, domineering and achieving equality with students.
Teachers and students are equal in personality, first of all in the face of truth and social justice.
Confucius said: Different people have different opinions. (Chapter 36 of Wei Linggong) (Confucius said: Be neither humble nor supercilious in front of benevolence. Confucius' visit to Nanzi, the first lady of Wei State, violated the principle that women did not participate in politics at that time, and also damaged the reputation of this woman who was considered to have a bad style. Therefore, student Lutz expressed dissatisfaction. In order to prove that he didn't make a mistake, Confucius was so anxious that he swore and even said, "God hates it! God hates it!
"(God punish me! In order to show his political ambition, Confucius once planned to be called to the public mountain to associate with the Buddha, and Luz criticized this. Confucius did not pretend to be authoritative, sacred and inviolable, and could not touch the tiger's ass or hear different opinions. On the contrary, Yan Hui is a student he praised many times, and he also criticized Yan Hui:
Confucius said, "If you don't help me, don't say anything." . (Chapter 4 of Advanced) Confucius said: Yan Hui, he is not a helpful person to me. He has no objection to what I said. In his view, students don't have to listen to the teacher completely, but should have the spirit of "doing their duty and not giving in to the teacher". If the teacher says something wrong, he can help correct it; What you said is not complete, you can add it, which is helpful to the teacher.
All the Analects of Confucius are basically records of questions and answers or discussions between their teachers and students. Chapter 26 of Advanced Course can be titled "Sitting in a Chair", which is a record of Confucius' discussion with his disciples about his personal wishes. Chapter 26 of Gongye Chang also recorded a discussion on the same topic, in which Confucius also talked about his personal ambition. He often discusses learning with his students. The following records are recorded in eight articles:
Xia Zi asked, "I am smart and smiling. I look forward to my beautiful eyes. I always thought it was gorgeous. " What is it? (There is a question mark here) "Confucius said," Painting is afterwards. " "After the ceremony? Confucius said, "The giver is a businessman! I can only say "poetry". " (Chapter 8 of Bashu) (Xia Zi asked: "How beautiful the dimples on your face are when you smile, how beautiful your black and white eyes are, and flowers are painted on the white silk. "What do these three sentences mean? Confucius said, "You must have plain silk before you can draw flowers." Xia Zi said, "The ceremony should be held later, right? Confucius said, "You are the one who inspired me. Shang Bo, I can start discussing poetry with you. " In this record, Xia Zi asked how to understand three poems in The Book of Songs (there is no third sentence in this book), and Confucius replied. According to Confucius' answer, Xia Zi went one step further and proposed that beauty still needs to be regulated by etiquette. Confucius appreciated Xia Zi's demonstration of the significance of poetry and thought that Xia Zi's demonstration was enlightening and helpful to him. This record shows that teachers and students learn from each other and learn from each other.
At ordinary times, Confucius gets along with students in an informal way, talks casually, sometimes laughs and is intimate, and there is no condescending offensive attitude. Historical Records Confucius Family: Confucius was separated from his students in the State of Zheng, and Zi Gong went around looking for a teacher. Someone told me that there is a man outside the east gate who is "a very rich dog". Zigong found Confucius and told him about it. Confucius was not angry when he heard this. He smiled and said humorously, "He said that I am a dog with a lot of money. What a pity!"! Yes! "It can be seen that their teachers and students are free to talk together.
"Dignity of learning from others" was invented by later generations and has nothing to do with Confucius. Confucius and his students are close, relying on respecting teachers and loving students, equality between teachers and students, unity and friendship, and learning from each other. Confucius traveled around the world, and students followed him one after another. Except those who drive buses, they all walk. At most, there are 200 students. They are surrounded, and Chen and Cai have no food. Some students are too hungry to get out of bed, but they are always around the teacher, unable to decompose and hungry. The teacher-student relationship between Confucius and students should be our example. Confucius regards students as children, and students regard Confucius as fathers and brothers; He regards his students as friends, and the students return his kindness. He doesn't put on airs, and his students love and worship him infinitely. When someone slandered his teacher, student Zi Gong stood up and said:
There is nothing to think about! Zhong Ni is indestructible. Other people's sages, hills also, but still can surpass; Zhong Ni, the sun and the moon, nothing. Although people want to commit suicide, why hurt the sun and the moon? (There is a question mark here) It is often seen that it does not measure itself. (Chapter 24 of Zhang Zi) Don't do this! Zhong Ni cannot be slandered. The talents of others, like hills, can surpass the past; Zhong Ni, the sun and the moon, is impossible to surpass. Although some people will die in the sun and moon, what harm will it do to the sun and moon? (There is a question mark here) It just means that he has not measured himself. The students think that Confucius is unparalleled among great men. Just like the sun and the moon, no slander will hurt their brilliance. After the death of Confucius, Zi Gong went to the tomb of Confucius to build a straw shed and guard the tomb for six years. The remains of Qufu Konglin still exist today.
The most valuable thing in Confucius' theory is educational thought, in which the teaching principles and methods reflect the essence and laws of education and teaching, and are the precious educational thought wealth of the Chinese nation and all mankind, and will never be out of date.