The constant invasion of the West in the late Qing Dynasty made the collision between Chinese and Western cultures increasingly fierce. In frequent negotiations with the West, Zhang Zhidong and others deeply felt the backwardness and needs of China. To change the backward status quo, it is not only the "strong ship and strong artillery" introduced from the West and the "strange skills and cunning" that the die-hards are responsible for, but also the backward knowledge level and lack of enterprising consciousness of the Chinese people in the late Qing Dynasty are the shackles of China's development. As Zhang Zhidong mentioned in Zhang Wenxiang's Draft for Public Play (Volume 32), "China is not poor in wealth but poor in talents, not weak in soldiers but weak in ambition. The poverty of talents is due to poor knowledge and false studies. " Zhang Zhidong regards developing learning and talents as the foundation of a strong country. It is also under the coverage of this basic viewpoint that the Westernization School put forward a series of educational reform ideas. 1. The educational guiding ideology of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application" The Westernization School clearly realized that it would be difficult to maintain the "foundation" of China's ethical code without learning the "end" of western science and technology and western industry and commerce, and tried its best to implement the basic policy of "learning Chinese and western learning" and learn "western languages", "western arts" and "western politics" and China. 2. Abolish the imperial examination system and establish the Westernization School with modern academic system. In view of the accumulated corruption in school education and the imperial examination system at that time, it put forward the idea of rectifying and reforming traditional education. Zhang Zhidong pointed out in his "Persuading Learning to Change into Imperial Examination" that stereotyped writing has been practiced for more than 5 years since it was self-evident. Wen sheng is actually declining, and the law is long and harmful. " It is believed that "saving time must begin with the reform of the law, and the reform must begin with the reform of the imperial examination." In 195, under the impetus of the Westernization School, the Qing Dynasty issued a decree to "stop the imperial examination to broaden schools". 3. The ideological westernization school, which advocates studying abroad and establishes a modern normal education system, believes that the most effective way to learn western science and technology and industry and commerce is to study abroad. After returning from their studies, these foreign students can directly teach their skills to Chinese people. Complementing each other here, the Westernization School also put forward the idea of establishing a modern normal education system, in order to strengthen Yixing learning, "schools must have teachers" and "education is the first priority" so that teachers can receive systematic and formal education and have the necessary teacher quality. Source: Examination Questions and Research Teaching Forum