Learn and practice from time to time. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xue Er": "Confucius said: 'Learn and practice it from time to time, isn't it also said to be (pleasant)?'" Wang Su noted: "Recite and practice it from time to time, learning will not waste your work, so it is joyful." Wang Shi's "learning" and "learning" have the same meaning, which seems to refer specifically to recitation. However, Confucius taught people to learn the "six arts", including etiquette, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and mathematics. "Recitation" is only "one end" (see Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Justice"). Huang Kanshu "Shi Xi" said: "Every study has three seasons." One refers to the year, the second refers to the season, and the third refers to the morning and evening. The contemporary Jiang Boqian believed that "learning is to know the new, and learning is to review the past" ("Introduction to the Thirteen Classics"). Be sensitive to things but cautious in speaking. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xueer": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman has nothing to eat to satisfy himself, and a place to live without seeking peace of mind. He is quick to do things but cautious in speaking.'" Also in "The Analects of Confucius·Li Ren": "A gentleman wants to be slow in speaking but is sensitive to words." Yu Xing". The meaning is the same. It means to be diligent and quick in doing things, but cautious in speaking. Zhu Xi's note: "Those who are quick at doing things will do what they can't do. Those who are cautious about speaking will not dare to use up all the rest." (Analects of Confucius) Another explanation: "Things are difficult to do, so you must be quick; words are easy to say, Therefore, be cautious." (Volume 22 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei") In addition, there are Confucius' words in "Xunzi Zidao", "Han Shi Wai Zhuan", "Shuo Yuan·Miscellaneous Words" and other chapters, "Be careful when speaking." Wow" record. Learning without thinking is a waste; thinking without learning is peril. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng": "Confucius said: 'Learning without thinking means losing sight; thinking without learning leads to peril.'" "Wang" means confusion. Zheng Xuan's note: 罔, still 罔罔 ignorant of appearance. "Peril" has two meanings: one is critical, which means uncertainty. One is fatigue, mental fatigue and no gain. When solved in the past. This sentence can be combined with the chapter "Reviewing the past and learning the new". Yang Shuda, a recent scholar, commented: "Those who review the past but cannot learn the new are learning without thinking; those who do not review the past but want to learn the new are thinking without learning." ("The Analects of Confucius") Confucius first advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, and he regarded Confucius as It has a profound impact on my disciples. For example, Zixia talks about learning and thinking carefully and "The Doctrine of the Mean" talks about learning and thinking carefully, both of which believe that learning and thinking cannot be neglected. People who have no faith do not know what they can do. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng" "Confucius said: 'If a person has no faith, he does not know what is possible.'" Zheng Xuan notes: "He who does not know what is possible means that his words cannot be implemented." Kong Anguo's note: "If you don't believe what you say, the rest will be useless." Zhu Xi said: "If a person has no true sincerity, everything he says is false." (Volume 24 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei") The recent scholar Jiang Boqian distinguished between trust and belief in two meanings: "What you say must be true; what you say must be fulfilled." ("Yu Yi Guang Jie") Confucius and later Confucian scholars attached great importance to trust, and "loyalty in words and sincerity in deeds" ("The Analects of Confucius, Duke Wei Linggong") was the Confucian principle of life. Be slow in speech but quick in action. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman wants to be slow in words and quick in deeds'". Bao Xian's note: "Nause means slowness. The desire to speak is slow and the desire to act is fast." Zhu Xi quotes Xie Liangzuo's note: "It is easy to speak, so one wants to be slow; it is difficult to act hard, so one wants to be quick." There are many synonyms in the Analects of Confucius. Sentences: "Be careful what you say, and you will have few regrets" ("Wei Zheng"), "The ancients did not say what they said, and they were ashamed to bow without catching it" ("Li Ren"), "A gentleman is ashamed of his words and goes beyond his actions" ("Li Ren") "Xian Wen"), etc., can all reflect Confucius' consistent thought of emphasizing conduct and caution in speech. See "Be sensitive to things but cautious in speaking." Virtue is never alone, there must be neighbors. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'Virtue is never alone, it must have neighbors.'" Listen to his words and observe his actions. Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Gong Yechang": "I am responsible for day and night. Confucius said: 'Rotten wood cannot be carved, and a wall of dung soil cannot be smashed. Why should I be punished?' Confucius said: 'I have given it to others, and listened to them. "Believe what you say and follow what you do." "Shuo Yuan Zun Xian" records that Confucius said: "The way to learn from others is to observe their words and then observe their actions... Therefore, first observe their words and then observe their actions." "The Book of Rites of Dadai: The Virtues of the Five Emperors": "The Master said: 'I want to win people by their words, and then change them.'" This is the meaning of this chapter. Zhu Xi cited Hu's note and said: Confucius said, "Listen to words and observe actions. Therefore, I established a teaching to warn the disciples, so that they can be careful in speaking and quick in deeds." ("Analects of Confucius") Be sensitive and eager to learn, and are not ashamed to ask questions. Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Gongye Chang": "Zi Gong asked: 'How does Confucius Wenzi call it Wen?' Confucius said: 'He is quick and eager to learn, and he is not ashamed to ask questions. This is how he calls Wen.'" Confucius Wenzi, Doctor Wei . "Wen" is his posthumous title. Zhu Xi's note: "Ordinary people are quick-witted and have a hard time learning, and those in high positions are often ashamed to ask questions. Therefore, the posthumous law has those who use 'Study diligently and ask questions' as a text, which is also difficult for others." ("Analects of Confucius") also said : "The posthumous laws of the ancients were very lenient", "Confucius is certainly not good, but this benefit is only because he is quick to learn and ask questions, which is also its advantage." This shows that Confucius is "forgiving and generous, so he is also lenient in responsibilities" ( "Zhu Xi Yu Lei" Volume 29).

To be polite and courteous is to be a gentleman. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye": "Confucius said: 'Quality is superior to literature, which leads to wildness; literature is superior to quality, history is the result; literature and quality are gentle, and then a gentleman'." According to the meaning of the word, Wen, literary talent; quality, simple; Binbin, mixed and half appearance. . Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in Annotations to the Analects of Confucius: "A scholar of eloquence should make up for what he has lost and make up for what he lacks. As for becoming virtuous, it happens unexpectedly." "The Analects of Justice" by Liu Baonan of the Qing Dynasty: "Etiquette has quality and writing. Quality is the foundation. Ritual has no foundation and cannot be established without writing. If it can be established and implemented, this is what it means." Confucius's words "wen" refer to The external manifestation of conforming to propriety; "quality" refers to the inner benevolence. Only by possessing the inner character of "benevolence" and being able to express it in conformity with "propriety" can one become a "gentleman". The relationship between literature and quality is the relationship between propriety and benevolence. One of them embodies the ideal personality of the "gentleman" that Confucius strives to promote; the other reflects his consistent thought of the mean: that is, he does not advocate partiality over literature, nor does he advocate partiality over quality; when he is impartial, he should be impartial. It is not easy to do both, but it is not easy to do it to the extreme. "Confucius said: 'The quality of Yu Xia's writing is as good as the writing of Yin and Zhou Dynasty. The writing of Yu Xia is not as good as its quality; the quality of Yin and Zhou's writing is not as good as its writing. How can it be said that the writing quality is right?" ("Book of Rites·· "Biaoji") Confucius' famous saying about respecting ghosts and gods and keeping them at a distance. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye": "Fan Chi asked about it, and Confucius said: 'The meaning of serving the people is to respect ghosts and gods and keep them at a distance, which can be said to be known'". Zhu Xi's note: "Dedicate your efforts to what is appropriate for humanity, and not be confused by the unknowable things of ghosts and gods. It is the work of those who know." ("Analects of Confucius") Liu Baonan of the Qing Dynasty interpreted this sentence as: "It is said to be respectful to ghosts and gods with courtesy." ("The Analects of Justice"). "Book of Rites·Biaoji": "Confucius said: 'Xia Dao respected orders, served ghosts, respected gods and kept them at a distance, stayed close to people but was loyal; people of Yin respected gods, led the people to serve gods, put ghosts first and then etiquette; people of Zhou respected etiquette and gave gifts, and served others Ghosts respect gods and stay away from them, and stay loyal to others." Combining the above words of Confucius to Fan Chi, it can be seen that Confucius held a different view of ghosts and gods from the Xia merchants, and taught Fan Chi to follow Zhou Dao. On the premise of acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods, Confucius also proposed that ghosts and gods should be neither disrespectful nor close to. This is contrary to his emphasis on human affairs first, ghosts and gods later in daily life and social activities ("The Analects of Confucius·Advanced": "Ji Lu asked about ghosts and gods, Confucius said: "If you cannot serve people, how can you serve ghosts?" If you want to be established, you can establish people; if you want to reach people, you can reach people. Confucius' famous saying. From "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye", Confucius answered Zigong's question about benevolence and said: "A benevolent person, if he wants to establish himself, he will establish others, and if he wants to reach himself, he will help others. If he can learn from others, he can be said to be benevolent." Zhu Xi's Annotations to the Analects of Confucius : "It is the heart of a benevolent person to treat oneself and others. Looking at it here, you can see that the laws of heaven are flowing around without any idleness." Ruan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty's "Sutra Study Room Collection": "Being tireless of doing it means establishing oneself and achieving one's own goals; being tireless in teaching others , To establish a person is to be successful. To be successful is to be successful, just as he is to be successful in his country, and to be successful at home." This sentence means that if you want to stand still, you must be successful. If others can stand firm, if you want everything to work for you, you should also make everything work for others. This embodies the way of "forgiveness" advocated by Confucius, that is, the practical approach and method of "benevolence". The high standard of "forgiveness" is to do what one wants by imitating others, that is, to practice "benevolence" in a positive sense. The low standard is to extend what one dislikes to others and not do it to others, that is, to practice "benevolence" in a negative sense. "Benevolence" (see "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you), respecting oneself and others, observing oneself and knowing others, that is, recognizing the value of others and caring about the survival and development of others, which reflects another aspect of Confucius' thought. Humanitarian characteristics. Tell without writing, believe but love the ancient sayings of Confucius. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "Confucius said: 'Rescribe without writing, believe in the past and love the past, and compare it to me, Lao Peng'." "Hanshu·Rulin Biography": Confucius "investigates ancient and modern texts" Narrating "Books", saying "Yue", discussing "Poetry", Yin Lu's "Spring and Autumn", and reading "Yi" are all based on the things of recent saints to establish the teachings of the ancestors. Therefore, it is said that 'state without writing, believe and be good' antiquity'". Zhu Xi's Annotations to the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius deleted the "Poems", "Books", Dingli, Yue, praised the "Book of Changes", and revised the "Spring and Autumn", all of which were passed down from the past kings, but he did not do anything." This sentence means to pass down old chapters without creating them, and to both remember and like ancient culture. "Not making" and "loving the past" are Confucius's summary of his lifelong teaching and academic research career. They also reflect his principles of organizing historical and cultural heritage and his basic attitude towards ancient culture. As for the so-called "not doing", Zhu Xi believed that Confucius "even though he described what he did, the effect was twice as great as if he had done it" (ibid.). Later generations of scholars believed that Confucius actually wrote as well as stated. Know it silently, be tireless in learning, and tireless in teaching. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shu Er": "The Master said: 'I know it silently, I am not tired of learning, I am not tired of teaching others, how can I do it?"

See also "Mencius Gongsun Chou": "Confucius said: 'I can't be sage, because I am never tired of learning and never tired of teaching'"; "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" also records: "Confucius said: 'How can I be worthy of such praise? If you don’t do this, you will be eager to learn and never tire of teaching, and be eager to teach but never tire of it.” The sentence means: silently keep what you see and hear in your heart, study vigorously and never be satisfied, teach students tirelessly. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in "Analects of Confucius": "Three of them are no longer the ultimate saint, but they still dare not take it seriously, so they are humble and modest." Qian Mu, a recent scholar, believes that "this chapter may be regarded as a modest statement, but it is not true." ("New Interpretation of the Analects") Confucius mentioned three things here: First, the emphasis is on speech and knowledge (memory), not on speech and silence. The so-called "learn more" , quality and keep it" ("Book of Rites·缁衣"), "If you hear more, choose the good and follow it; if you see more, you will know it" ("The Analects·Shuer"), the second and third express Confucius's His diligence in pursuing knowledge and his enthusiasm in teaching his disciples are also a reasonable summary of Confucius' understanding and methods of "learning" and "teaching". Being rich and noble without justice is like floating clouds to me. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "The Master said: 'Eat sparingly, drink water, bend your arms and rest on it, and enjoy it; wealth and honor gained through unrighteousness are like floating clouds to me.'" Zheng Xuan of the Han Dynasty noted: "Those who are rich and noble without righteousness are like floating clouds to me, and they are not my own." Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in "Analects of Confucius": "He regards unjust wealth and honor as if they are nothing in the floating clouds, and is indifferent to them." Meaning: Wealth and official position acquired through unjust means are like floating clouds in the sky to me. See also the same chapter of "The Analects of Confucius": "The Confucius said: 'Wealth can be sought after, even if it is a man with a whip, I will do it. If it is not available, I will do what I like'"; "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "The Confucius said "Wealth and honor are what people want. If you don't get them in the right way, you can't get them." Confucius here reiterates his specific principles for viewing and seeking wealth, which must be in line with "righteousness" and "benevolence." If anything is obtained contrary to this, it will be regarded as a passing smoke and unworthy of acquisition. At the same time, it also shows his attitude and vision of living in poverty and being content with poverty. If you are so angry that you forget to eat, if you are happy you forget your worries, you don’t know that old age is coming. Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "Ye Gong asked Confucius about Zilu, and Zilu was wrong. Zilu said, 'Nv Xibu said: As a human being, he is so angry that he forgets to eat, and he is happy and forgets his worries. He doesn't know that old age is coming.'" . Zheng Xuan of the Han Dynasty's "Analects of Confucius": Talking about this talent encourages people to learn. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in "Analects of Confucius": "If you haven't got it, you will be angry and forget to eat; if you have got it, you will be happy and forget about worries; so the two are incompatible, and they will breed every day without knowing the shortcomings of the years. But he said that he is eager to learn. ". The recent commentator Kang Youwei said in Annotations of the Analects: "If you forget food, you will not know poverty and lowliness; if you forget worries, you will not know suffering; if you forget old age, you will not know life and death; no perfect person can reach this point." The sentence means: If you work hard and don't even remember to eat (you have learned something), you will be so happy that you forget your worries, and you won't even notice that you are in the old state. This is actually the words of the Master’s own teaching and self-encouragement. "Book of Rites·Biaoji": "Confucius said: 'The good benevolence in the Poems is like this. Walking on the country road, abandoning the middle road, forgetting one's old age, not knowing the insufficiency of years. Looking down, there are breedings every day, Just kill him and then '". Throughout his life, he was eager to learn and was active and promising. He was diligent in the realization of the doctrine he founded. "If I give up halfway, I can't do it anymore" ("The Doctrine of the Mean"), thus demonstrating Confucius's self-improvement, perseverance, and optimism. attitude towards life. When three people are walking together, there must be one who is my teacher. Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "Confucius said: 'When three people are walking together, they must have my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.'" Zhu Xi's note: "Three people walking together, one of them will As for me, if one of them is good and the other is evil, then I will follow the good, and I will follow the good and change the evil. These two people are my teachers." ("Analects of Confucius") Liu Baonan quoted the old saying. , and put forward two explanations: one is that "I and he are three people. If the two of them think that I am good, I will follow it; if the two of them think of me as bad, I will change it. These two people are both for me." Teacher. Shu Hongfan said: "Three people act according to the words of two people." One is that "there are no wise or foolish people. They all choose according to what they see." It does not mean that one person is good and another person is not good. If you follow someone who is good, you are my teacher. "A gentleman is magnanimous, and a villain is a good person." Confucius said. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer". "Shuowen": "Tan means peace." Dangdang means wide and far. Qi Qi is known as being worried all the time. A gentleman is well versed in affairs, so his dealings with others are like walking on a flat road, feeling safe and comfortable. A small person's mind is often obsessed with things, worrying about gains and losses, so he often has a feeling of sadness. Huang Kanshu quoted Jiang Xi and said: "A gentleman is open-minded and carefree, showing no selflessness. A villain is concerned about glory and profit, and cares about gains and losses, so he grows up to be a noble man." Cheng Zi said: "A gentleman follows the principles, so he is always comfortable; A villain is a slave to things, so he has many worries.

"(See "Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi Zidao" states that a gentleman has a lifetime of happiness and no worries for a day, and a villain has a lifetime of worries and no happiness for a day. This has the same meaning. When you are cold, you will know The famous saying of Confucius comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said: When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither." Zhu Xi quoted Xie Shangcai's note as follows: When a scholar is poor, he sees integrity; when the world is in chaos, he knows his loyal ministers. "("The Analects of Confucius") Xunzi compared pines and cypresses to a gentleman: "If the age is not cold, there is no way to know the pines and cypresses; if things are not difficult, there is no way to see that the gentleman is there all the time. "("Xunzi·Daliue") "Zhuangzi·Rang Wang" quoted Confucius as saying: "A gentleman is said to be knowledgeable when he is in the way, and he is poor when he is poor in the way. How can he be poor if he embraces the way of benevolence and righteousness in troubled times? Why? Therefore, one should introspect without being exhausted by the Tao, and should face difficulties without losing one's virtue. "The wise are not confused, the benevolent are not worried, the brave are not afraid. Confucius' famous saying. "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: The wise are not confused, the benevolent are not worried, the brave are not afraid. "The Analects of Confucius" quotes the note from "Shenjian·Miscellaneous Statements": "A gentleman is happy and knows destiny, so he does not worry; he judges things clearly, so he is not confused; he is determined to serve the public, so he is not afraid." "Also, the order of the three recorded in "The Analects of Confucius Xianwen" is different: "There are three ways of a gentleman, and I am incompetent: the benevolent do not worry, the knowledgeable do not be confused, the brave do not fear. Confucius humbled himself that he did not have the three virtues of knowledge, benevolence, and courage, but Zi Gong regarded him as having all three virtues, so he said: "Master has his own way." "("Xian Wen") If the people have no faith, they will not be established. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Since ancient times, there has been death, and if the people have no faith, they cannot be established." "This is Confucius's answer to Zigong's question about government. The people's trust and adequate food and sufficient soldiers are Confucius's policies to govern and strengthen the country. However, you can remove the soldiers and food, but you cannot make the people untrustworthy; the people's trust is the foundation. This is what Confucius said. The idea of ??sacrificing one's life to achieve benevolence has something in common with Mencius's idea of ??sacrificing one's own life for righteousness. Later Zhu Xi once said: "People will die without food, but death is inevitable for everyone." Without faith, even though you are alive, you will not be able to stand on your own feet, and it will be worse than death. Therefore, I would rather die than break faith with the people, so that the people would rather die than break faith with me." The common people are satisfied, and the ruler is inadequate. Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "The common people are sufficient, and the ruler is inadequate. If the people are not enough, which king will be enough? "This is Confucius's disciple Youruo's answer to Lu Aigong's question: "There is hunger in the year and not enough money." As it is said when "What is it like". This is to develop the Confucian thought of Confucius that "government is to make the people rich" ("Shuoyuan Zhengli"). Confucius believed that the people's wealth lies in low taxes and low taxes. "The poem goes: 'Kai Ti is a gentleman, The parents of the people have never been seen to have rich children but poor parents" (ibid.). Zhu Xi's note is: "If the people are rich, the ruler will not be poor; if the people are poor, the ruler will not be poor. If you deeply express the meaning of the unity of the monarch and the people, in order to stop the public's excessiveness and restraint, and to be a superior person, you should think deeply about it. "(Analects of Confucius)" "Therefore, the master of the Ming Dynasty must be careful to maintain its harmony, control its flow, open its source, and consider it at all times." Huangran ensures that the world will have more than enough, and the people above will not worry about lack. In this way, both the top and the bottom will be rich, and there will be nothing to hide. This is the ultimate understanding of the national plan. "The Beauty of a Gentleman as an Adult" Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Confucius said: The beauty of a gentleman as an adult is not the evil of an adult." The villain is on the contrary. "Zhu Xi notes: "Those who succeed can do so through incentives, rewards and persuasion. "Dadaili Zengzi Establishes Things": "A gentleman is good to himself and also enjoys the kindness of others." If you can do it yourself, you can also enjoy what others can do. "It is similar to the meaning of Confucius. His body is upright, and he does not do what he is told. Confucius's famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "Confucius said: His body is upright, and he does not do what he is told, even if he does not obey. Confucianism has always believed that the one who is superior is "the one who leads the way and is upright and wins the trust of the people." "If it is not upright, the people will not believe it." "("Book of Han Gongsun Hongzhuan") "This is the legislation of the old master. He first checked the formal instruments himself, so he ordered it to be implemented in the world. "("Huainanzi·Zhushu") Seeing small gains will lead to failure in big things. Confucius's famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "Zi Xia was the governor of Ju Fu and asked about politics. Confucius said: There is no desire for haste, no small gain. Haste makes waste; seeing small gains means big things will fail. "Zhu Xi's "Collected Notes": "Seeing the small is beneficial, then what you gain is small, and what you lose is big. " He also quoted Cheng Zi saying that Confucius knew that his disciple "Zi Xia's illness was always close to him", so he "reported it to him as a personal matter" (ibid.). "The Analects of Confucius" quoted Xunzi as saying: "Benefit means benefiting the country and benefiting the people. . If a person in politics sees big profits, he must do well, but small ears should not be seen." "Dadai Liji·Four Dynasties": "It is good to see small profits, but it will hinder politics. "If you are not in your position, you will not seek political power. Confucius' famous saying. This quote comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Tai Bo": "Confucius said: 'If you are not in your position, you will not seek political power'. ""Xian Wen" also has this saying. Its purpose is to "want everyone to concentrate on his position" (Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Justice"). It is also the consistent attitude of Confucianism. Zengzi said: "A gentleman cannot think about his position."

"("The Analects of Confucius·Xianwen") Later Mencius also said, "It is a sin to speak of a high position if you have a low position." "The Doctrine of the Mean" also says, "A gentleman acts in his position and does not want to be outside of it." "The inferior does not support the superior", both of which are similar to this article. Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius, Lord Wei Lin": "Confucius said: If a person has no long-term worries, he must have immediate worries." "Analects of Confucius" Quotation: "The worry is not far away, and the worry is coming soon, so it is called near worry." "Xunzi·Dalue" says: "Think about things first and worry about worries first." Thinking about things in advance is called taking over, and taking over will make things happen. The first thing to worry about is called hesitation, and if you come to hesitation, misfortunes will not occur. Those who worry about things later are called trapped. If trapped, the disaster will be uncontrollable. "Confucianism attaches great importance to people's foresight and foresight. Confucius said: "Be generous to oneself, and blame others lightly, and you will be far away from blame." That’s it. "This is to apply "benevolence" to others. Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty expressed it: "Govern people with benevolence, govern me with righteousness, be kind to oneself, and belittle responsibilities to others. This is what we call it. "("Chun Qiu Fan Lu·The Law of Benevolence and Righteousness") "Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Ju Nan" also says: "Therefore, when a gentleman blames others, he uses benevolence, and when he blames himself, he uses righteousness. If you blame others with benevolence, it will be easy to do it; if you are easy to do it, you will win people; if you blame yourself with righteousness, it will be difficult to do wrong; if it is difficult to do wrong, you will behave in a disguised manner. "Zhu Xi noted: "If you rebuke yourself well, you will be able to cultivate yourself; if you rebuke others lightly, you will be easy to obey, so you will blame others for not being able to do so. "("Analects of Confucius") A gentleman seeks for himself, while a villain seeks for others. Confucius' famous sayings. "The Analects" has four views, the purpose is the same but the text is slightly different. "Xueer" contains: "Confucius said: 'Don't worry about others. You know yourself, but you don’t know others’ troubles. '" It means that you don't have to worry about others not knowing me. What you should worry about is that I don't know others. "Li Ren" writes: "Don't worry if you don't know what you know, you can know what you want to do. "The meaning of the previous sentence is the same, but the meaning of the next sentence is: I should worry about what I have for others to know." "Wei Ling Gong" also wrote: "A gentleman is sick and incompetent. If he is not sick, he will not know it." "Zhu Xi's note: Confucius "Gai has said this many times, and the meaning of Ding Ning can also be seen. "("Analects of Confucius") Wang Euzhi's note: "It can take away my name but not my ambition; it can trap me in circumstances but not trap me in a world where heaven and man have no shame, so there is no need to worry. "("Four Books") Don't use words to lift people, don't use people to waste words. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: Don't use words to lift people, don't use people to waste words. Bao Xian's note: "Those who speak do not have to be virtuous, so they cannot speak to others." Wang Su noted: "Good words cannot be discarded without virtue." "It means not to recommend someone because their words are pleasing to the ear, nor to despise someone because of their shortcomings. Confucius's steady and comprehensive technique of promoting people and listening to words will be valued by later generations. What one does not do oneself If you want, don't do anything to others. Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Zhong Gong asked about benevolence, Confucius said: When you go out, you are like seeing a distinguished guest, and the people are like receiving a great sacrifice. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. No resentment in the country, no resentment at home. "This is what Confucius said about benevolence. "Wei Linggong": "Zigong asked: Is there anything you can say that can be implemented throughout your life? Confucius said: How can I forgive you? Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. "This also means forgiveness. Confucius often uses "forgiveness" to explain "benevolence". Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary": "Forgiveness means respecting oneself and others. This is what Zigong said: "I don't want others to do anything to me, and I also want nothing to be done to others." "("Gong Ye Chang") Since then, Confucianism has emphasized "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" in order to implement "benevolent government". A small intolerance will lead to a big plan. Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Zi Said: Clever words mess up virtue, while small impatience messes up big plans. "Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius": "Small intolerance is like the benevolence of a woman and the courage of a man. ” He also said: “A woman’s benevolence cannot endure love; a man’s courage cannot endure anger, both of which can disrupt great plans.” "(Volume 45 of "Zhuzi Yulei") The contemporary Yang Shuda also divided into three meanings: "cannot bear anger"; "cannot bear kindness, cannot cut off kindness with justice"; "cannot bear to give up money and money" ("Analects of Confucius") . People can promote the Tao, but it is not the Tao that promotes people. Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said: 'People can promote the Tao, but it is not the Tao that promotes people.' ’” It means that people can enlarge the Tao, but they cannot use the Tao to enlarge a great person. Wang Su noted: “Those with great talents have great Tao, and those with small talents have Tao with small ones, so they cannot promote others.” ” Zhu Xi’s note: “There is no way for people outside the way, and there is no one outside the way.” However, the human heart is aware, but the Tao body is inactive. Therefore, a person can magnify his Tao, but the Tao cannot magnify his person. "("Analects of Confucius") Dong Zhongshu also quoted this sentence in "The Countermeasures of Heaven and Man", saying that it is up to oneself to control chaos, waste and prosperity. Today's Yang Bojun believes that it is inconsistent with his will. He should not give in to the famous saying of Confucius. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": " Confucius said: 'I should do my duty to the master without giving in. ’” “Being benevolent” has two interpretations: one is to face benevolence; the other is to shoulder the important task of realizing benevolence. Zhu Xi’s note: “Being benevolent means taking benevolence as one’s responsibility. Although there is nothing inferior to a teacher, he said that if he goes forward bravely, he will do it.

Gai Ren is what people have and do for themselves. There is no struggle. How can it be inferior to existence? " ("Analects of Confucius") The word "teacher" is generally interpreted as "teacher". The recent scholar Qian Muxun means "all people". Knowing it means knowing it, and not knowing it means not knowing Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: For Politics": "Confucius said :'Depend on! Do you know this? To know is to know, and to not know is to know. This is knowledge. ’” The “knowledge” in “Zhiye” is the same as wisdom. Zhu Xi’s note: “Zilu was very brave, and there were those who thought he knew what he didn’t know, so his old husband told him. "("Analects of Confucius") What is recorded in "Xunzi·Zidao" can be evidenced: Zilu saw Confucius in rich clothes. Confucius said: "Now that women's clothes are rich and full of color, who in the world is willing to admonish women." "Also said: "Therefore, when a gentleman knows something, he says he knows it, and if he doesn't know it, he says he doesn't know it, and it is necessary to say it; if he can do it, he says he can do it; if he cannot do it, he says he can't do it, and he does it to the best of his ability. "Another chapter of "Confucianism" says: "If you know, you will say you know it; if you don't know, you will say you don't know it; if you don't accuse yourself internally, you will not deceive yourself externally; if you respect the virtuous and fear the law, you will not dare to be arrogant; this is the refined Confucianism. "An ordinary man cannot seize his will," a famous saying of Confucius. The quote comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: 'The three armies want to seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize his will." ’” Kong Anguo’s note: “Although the three armies are numerous, but the hearts of the people are not unified, the generals can seize them; even though the men are weak, they can only maintain their ambitions, so they cannot be captured and seize them. Zhu Xi quoted Hou as saying: "The courage of the three armies lies in the people, and the ambition of the common man lies in himself." Therefore, the commander can be captured but the ambition cannot be captured. If it can be taken away, it is not enough to be called ambition. "("Analects of Confucius") Chapter "Li Xin·缁衣" also says: "Confucius said: 'Words have things and actions have patterns. Therefore, one cannot take away one's ambition in life, and one cannot take one's reputation in death'. "When the Tao is listened to and preached by others, virtue is discarded." Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo": "Confucius said: "The Tao is listened to and preached by the wanderers, and virtue is discarded. ’” Huang Kanshu said: “The study of memorizing questions is not enough to be a teacher. A teacher must review the past to learn the new, study it carefully for a long time, and then he can teach it to others. If you listen to the road, it will be said by people, and there will be a lot of fallacies. Therefore, it is abandoned by the virtuous. He also abandons his own virtue. Qian Mu, a recent scholar, said: "It is easy to hear the Tao, and it is easy to speak the Tao." Even if it enters Zi's ears and comes out of his mouth, even if he hears good words, he does not keep them as his own, and his virtue will never be achieved. "("New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi·Daliue": "A gentleman does not speak when in doubt, and does not speak when he has not asked. The road is getting farther and farther. "It has a similar meaning to Confucius' objection to hearsay. If the way is different, there will be no conflict between each other. Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: 'If the way is different, there will be no conflict with each other'". "Historical Records·Bo Yi Biography" Quoting this quote: “People of different ways do not seek each other’s will, but each follows his or her own will. "The Biography of Lao Zhuang and Shen Han" said: "Those who study Lao Tzu in the world are inferior to Confucianism, and Confucianism is inferior to Lao Tzu. If the Tao is different, they do not seek each other. How can it be said?" Qian Mu, a recent scholar, has two interpretations. One is, "Gentlemen also have different opinions and deeds, but if they are the same as the Tao, they can work together." But villains who are traitors to the Tao are divided into good and evil, evil and righteous, so it is difficult for them to plot against each other. "The first one is "Tao refers to martial arts, such as shooting and chastity, each has its own focus and does not work against each other. "("New Interpretation of The Analects of Confucius")