The first lesson, Two Classical Chinese Texts 1. Recite the text and write it from memory. 2. Knowledge points: Learning Games is selected from the story of Mencius. "Gao Zi" and "learning games" show that we should concentrate on learning and not be half-hearted; Two Children Arguing about the Sun is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. This story reflects the attitude of two children who are observant, reasonable and realistic. 3. Note (1) word: chess: playing chess. Across the country: the whole country. Teaching: teaching. Listen to Qiu Yi: Listen to Qiu Yi. Honghu Lake: Swan. Auxiliary: guide and pull. Everyone: Together. I: Yes. For: Because. His refers to the latter person. Debate: to argue, argue. Answer: Yes. Go: Leave. Japan and China: noon. And: to. Cang Cang Liang: Describe the feeling of coolness. Warehouse: It means cold. Soup exploration: reach into the hot water. It means it's very hot. Soup: Hot water. Decision: judgment. Who: Who? Ru: You. ★ The meaning of several "wisdom" in the text (2) Sentence: What is wisdom? That's not true. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Say: it's not like this. I've been close to people since the sun, but I've alienated people since I arrived in Japan. I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out and farther away at noon. Who is Zhihu? Who said you were knowledgeable? (3) Translation: To learn chess, Qiu Yi is a national chess player. He taught two students to play chess, and one of them was so absorbed that he only listened to Qiu Yi. While listening to Qiu Yi's lecture, another student always thought there was a swan flying in the sky and wanted to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although they study together, the latter student doesn't study as well as the former one. Is it because his governance is not as good as others? Say: it's not like this. One day, Confucius went to the East to study. When he saw two children arguing about something, he asked why. A child said, "I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out, and it is farther away at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is farther away from people when it first comes out and closer to people at noon. A child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a plate at noon. Isn't that why it looks small from afar and big from near? " Another child said: "When the sun just came out, it felt very cold. At noon, it was like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't that why you feel hot when you enter and cold when you are far away? " Confucius could not judge what was going on. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?" Lesson 2 "Hurry" (Prose) 1. Recite the text. 2. Knowledge points: The author of "Hurry" is the famous prose master Zhu Ziqing. Famous essays include In a hurry, The Back, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, etc. This paper closely follows the word "hurry", describes the trace of the passage of time delicately, and expresses the author's helplessness and regret over the passage of time. 3, understand the sentence: (1) Swallows have gone, and there is a time to come again; Willow withered, there is a time to green again; The peach blossom has withered, but it has blossomed again. But, smart, tell me, why are our days gone forever? Parallelism shows that the prosperity of nature is the trace of time flying. "Why are our days gone forever?" Seemingly inquiring, it actually expresses the author's helplessness over the passage of time and his deep memory of the past days. (2) Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the sea, my days are dripping in the stream of time, without sound or shadow. Metaphorical sentences. Compare your past 8,000 days to a drop of water on the tip of a needle, and compare the flow of time to the vast sea. Time flies so quickly, silently and without a trace, which shows the author's very helpless sadness. (3) When washing hands, the days pass from the basin; When eating, the days pass from the rice bowl; When I was silent, I passed by my eyes. Based on the details of people's daily life, the author shows that days come and go inadvertently in life. (4) The past days are like light smoke, dispersed by breeze and evaporated by Chu Yang, such as mist; What traces did I leave? Unique metaphor and novel association. The days are so short. 4. Recite the Song of Tomorrow. 5. The sentence about cherishing time: (1) An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold can't buy an inch of time. (2) Time flies, the sun and the moon fly. (3) Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, but it's too late to learn. Lesson 3 "Mahogany" (writing characteristics: borrowing things to describe people) 1, recite paragraphs 4, 13 and 14. 2. Comprehension of sentences: (1) Strangely, he comes irregularly, once every three days, once every five days, and sometimes once every ten days; The amount of water is not certain, sometimes more water, sometimes less water. This sentence is about a strange way of planting trees. There are two strange things: first, the time of coming is uncertain, and it comes every three to five days; Second, the amount of watering is uncertain and the duration is short. The author compares the growth of orange saplings to the growth of people, and writes out the seedling raising method that the tree planters let the trees learn to find water in the land by themselves, which shows the important significance of enduring the test of life and overcoming dependence in a difficult environment for people's growth. (2) Not only trees, but also people. People who live in uncertainty can stand the test of life and exercise an independent heart. The "uncertainty" here refers to some unpredictable bumps, twists and turns and hardships in life. Only by enduring the ups and downs of life can you become a strong person and a successful person. (3) The redwoods will not wither if the tree planters stop coming. Because the purpose of planting trees is to make trees adapt to the environment, transform few nutrients into huge energy, stand the wind and rain, learn to find water in the land, take root deeply and grow sturdily. As the tree planter wishes, mahogany will not wither now, which shows that he has planted trees successfully. Think back. Expand I 1, accumulate over a long period: motto of life philosophy (1) People are not born to know, who can not doubt it? Shi Shuo (2) gained momentum, then declined and finally got tired. Zuo Zhuan (3) Sweet potato is bitter, and nothing in the world is beautiful. "Mozi" (4) Those who plant trees must prune their roots, and those who plant virtues must cultivate their hearts. "Biography" (5) Practice 1000 songs and then know your friends, watch 1000 swords and then know your instruments. "Wen Xin Diao Long" 2, Handan toddler-metaphor blindly imitating others, not only can not learn skills, but also lose the original skills. Lesson 6 Beijing Spring Festival 1, recite the seventh paragraph, 1 1, 12. 2. Author: Lao She. Formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Manchu, his masterpieces include Camel Xiangzi, My Life, Four Generations in a Family, Under the Red Flag and so on. Lao She's language style: Beijing flavor, easy to understand and humorous. The Spring Festival in Beijing is written in chronological order. In the natural period, customs and habits are arranged in detail. From the beginning of the twelfth lunar month to the end of the twelfth lunar month, cook 1-6 Laba porridge; Soak laba garlic; Eat sugar; Clean up; Buy new year's eve dinner. A family of seven is brightly lit all night, guns ring all night, eating a reunion dinner, and watching the Lunar New Year in detail. Men go out to pay New Year greetings, women receive guests at home, and children go to temple fairs to open stores on the sixth day. Guys take turns visiting temple fairs, flyovers, watching operas to write about the 15th day of the first month, Lantern Festival1-12, watching lanterns, setting off firecrackers, eating Yuanxiao and writing about the 19th day of the first month. After the Spring Festival, the children go to school. Adults are busy writing such things and want to briefly introduce the custom of New Year in old Beijing. The advantages are the combination of point and surface, outstanding focus and clear focus, which left a deep impression on the Spring Festival in Beijing. Looking back and expanding the second (1), many a mickle makes a mickle (1). On January, Wang Anshi was one year old in the Song Dynasty, and the spring breeze entered send warm. The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old. (2) "Guizi in Tianzhu Temple on the Night of August 15th" Under the full moon in Yushu, Pi Rixiu in the Tang Dynasty, Huaxin Lou was found in front of the temple. So far, the sky doesn't exist, but Chang 'e should be thrown to people. 2, different winds in a hundred miles, different customs in a thousand miles. 3. "January 1st" is about New Year's Eve, and "Guizi in Tianzhu Temple on August 15th" is about Mid-Autumn Festival. China's traditional festivals include Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Begging for Skills Festival. The poems describing China's traditional festivals include: "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every festival"; "There are many rains during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls." Lesson 10 Memories 16 years ago (Memoirs) 1. Recite paragraphs 5, 7, 17, 19 and 22. 2. Memories of Sixteen Years ago tells the story of Li Dazhao in the order of before, when, in court and after the murder. Before his arrest, he wrote his father's burning documents and books, and the worker Yan Zhensan was arrested, reflecting the sinister form and the danger of the situation; When he was arrested, he wrote about the enemy's guilt, cruelty and his father's calmness; The court described Li Dazhao as calm and calm; After being killed, he wrote down the great grief of the whole family. The article shows the great spirit of revolutionary martyrs' loyalty to the revolutionary cause and the noble quality of being firm and unyielding in the face of the enemy, and expresses the author's admiration and deep nostalgia for his father. 3. Understand the sentence: (1) Dad is very kind and never scolds us, let alone hits us. I always like to ask my father a lot of childish and ridiculous questions. No matter how busy he is, he is always interested in my questions and always tells me patiently. This time, I don't know why my father gave me such a vague answer. It can be seen from this sentence that my father is usually very kind and patient; This time, he answered me impatiently and vaguely, because the situation was very serious at that time, and it was not the time to talk to the children, so I couldn't make myself clear in a few words. Here, I wrote about Li Dazhao's kindness to his relatives and his seriousness in his work. (2) The situation is getting more and more severe, and my father's work is getting more and more tense. His friends advised him to leave Beijing, and his mother advised him several times. The father said firmly to his mother, "Didn't I always tell you?" I can't leave Beijing easily. You need to know what time it is and how important the work here is. How can I leave? "Mother had to say nothing more. Li Dazhao regards revolutionary work as more important than anything else. It embodies his spirit of being highly responsible for the revolution. (3) In court, we met our father. Father still wears his old gray cotton gown, but he doesn't wear glasses. I saw his calm and kind face under his unkempt long hair. It can be seen from this sentence that although my father was tortured by the enemy, he was still calm and kind. "No glasses" and "unkempt long hair" indicate that the enemy has severely punished Li Dazhao, "calmness" indicates that Li Dazhao is still strong after suffering cruel torture, and "kindness" reflects Li Dazhao's love for his relatives. 4. The connection between the last three paragraphs of the text and the beginning is: echo from beginning to end. The advantage of this writing is to make the article look compact, and at the same time highlight the author's thoughts and feelings of remembering his father's murder. Serve the people (argumentative essay) 1. Recite the full text. 2. Serving the people is an argumentative paper, which generally contains three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. The author of this article is Mao Zedong, who delivered a speech in memory of Zhang Side. At the beginning of the article, the purpose of China and his Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army was clearly put forward-to serve the people completely and thoroughly; Then combined with the current reality, this paper expounds how to serve the people comprehensively and thoroughly from three aspects: first, establish the concept of life and death of "dying for the interests of the people is more important than Mount Tai"; Second, treat criticism correctly, adhere to the good and correct the wrong for the benefit of the people; Third, do a good job in unity, overcome difficulties, improve courage, love each other and unite the whole people. 3. Understand the sentence: (1) The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by us * * * and * * * are revolutionary ranks. Our team is completely for the liberation of the people and works thoroughly for the interests of the people. Point out the theme at the beginning of the article. The whole article shows that serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of the revolutionary army. No matter what we do, our team will 100% serve the people at any time. Complete meaning: there is no other purpose except serving the people; Thoroughness means carrying it out to the end. (2) Our cadres should care about every soldier, and everyone in the revolutionary ranks should care about, love and help each other. This sentence means that people in the revolutionary ranks come together for a common goal. Therefore, cadres and soldiers should care for each other, love each other and help each other. Only in this way can we better unite and work together to achieve our goals. 4. How many words? What does each sentence mean? How are sentences connected? Because we serve the people, we are not afraid of being criticized for our shortcomings. Whoever it is will point it out to us. As long as you are right, we will correct it. What you say is good for the people, so we will do as you say. This article consists of three sentences. The first sentence is that we welcome criticism, the second sentence is that we welcome criticism from anyone, and the third sentence is that we accept criticism from anyone as long as it is correct. Sentences are closely related and their meanings are progressive. By analyzing the related words in this passage, it can be further clarified that there is only one criterion to measure whether criticism is correct or not, that is, whether it is in the interests of the people. Anyone who accepts correct criticism has only one purpose, that is, to serve the people. Review. Information piece III 1, "Song of Prison", Author: Ye Ting people's entrance and exit doors are locked, dogs' holes are open, and a voice is shouting:-Climb out and set you free! |||| I long for freedom, but I deeply know-how can a human body climb out of a dog hole! |||| I hope that one day the underground fire will burn my living coffin. I deserve to live forever in fire and blood! 2. The characters in Red Rock are: Jie Jiang, Hua, Radish Head ... The revolutionary novel Flying Tigers and Red Sun written by Liu Zhixia, written by Wu Qiang; Xu Guangyao's "Private Zhang Ga" Little Guerrilla ",by Wang Yuanjian; Hong Haier, Zhang Pincheng. Lesson 14 Little Match Girl 1, recite paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10,1,12. This text is a famous fairy tale by Danish writer Andersen, which tells the story of a little match girl who froze to death in the street on New Year's Eve. Features: realism and fiction alternate, beautiful illusion and cruel reality alternate, highlighting the tragic fate of the little girl Thumbelina, The Daughter of the Sea and The Ugly Duckling are also Andersen's works. 3. The article "Little Match Girl" focuses on the little girl lighting matches five times, and four visions appeared in front of her eyes. The first time I saw a warm stove, because the little girl was cold and she longed for warmth. The second time I saw the delicious roast goose, because the little girl was hungry and she longed for food. I saw the beautiful Christmas tree for the third time, because the little girl was in great pain and she longed for happiness. The fourth time I met my kind grandmother, because the little girl was lonely and she longed for love. 4. Understand the sentence: (1) Fly to a place where there is no cold, no hunger and no pain. The little girl died in a wonderful illusion. No longer have to endure cold, hunger and pain. (2) How happy she is. She followed her grandmother to a happy New Year. What do you mean by two "happiness"? The former's "happiness" is that the little girl spends her life in a beautiful illusion and is very happy; The latter "happiness" is that when the little girl dies, she will be completely happy without cold, hunger and pain. Through these two "happiness", we can feel the author's depressed sadness, his deep sympathy for the poor and his strong dissatisfaction with the social reality of the disparity between the rich and the poor. Lesson 15 Fanka 1, recite paragraphs 6, 8, 2 1. 2. The fact that Fanka wrote to Grandpa in the text reflects the tragic fate of poor children in Russian society under the czar's rule and exposes the darkness of the social system at that time. In his letter, Fanka confided his unbearable miserable apprenticeship to Grandpa, and repeatedly begged Grandpa to take him out of here and go back to the countryside, and recalled two scenes of rural life: one was the scene of Grandpa's vigil; The second scene is Christmas. This paper has two characteristics in expression: first, when talking about Fanka's tragic experience, the author's narrative, Fanka's letter and his memories in the process of writing letters are intertwined and set off each other. Secondly, it adopts the expressions of contrast, contrast and suggestion. Review. Expand IV 1, accumulate over a long period. Honesty is the foundation of morality. -(Egypt) Mehafuz "The Epic of the People" Tears can't wash away the pain. -(Iceland) laxness's "Iceland's greatest insight clock" is the simplest. -(British) Golding's Lord of the Flies People live for their own hopes. -(Soviet Union) "Quiet Tang" Keeping promises is a treasure and should not be thrown away at will. -(Colombia) Marquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude" makes pebbles perfect, not by a hammer, but by singing and dancing with water. -(India) Tagore's Birds Only brave and calm people can cross the darkness and usher in the light. -(Guatemala) asturias (Corn Man) People are not born to be defeated. You can destroy him, but you can't beat him in class. 2. Knowledge points: The Little Match Girl by Danish writer Andersen, Fanka by Russian writer Chekhov, Robinson Crusoe by British writer Defoe and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by American writer Mark Twain. Lesson 18 A Hundred Years of Beauty 1. The "hundred years" in the title refers to eternity. Madame Curie's great discovery has made eternal contributions to society, and her excellent quality and personality spirit are eternal. 2. Recite paragraphs 2, 4, 5 and 6. 3. Understand the sentence: (1) This precious personality and lofty pursuit enabled Marie Curie to discover the meaning of life almost at the same time as this great natural discovery. "This great natural discovery" means that Madame Curie discovered the radioactive metal element radium and "discovered the meaning of life" means that Madame Curie realized that the value of life lies not in youth, beauty, money and reputation, but in making contributions to science and mankind. (2) She changed from a beautiful little girl, a dignified and determined female scholar, to a new term "radiation" in science textbooks, to a new unit of measurement in physics, to a series of scientific laws, and she became an eternal milestone in the history of science. The "change" here is a promotion of life value and a leap in the realm of life. The four "changes" summed up Madame Curie's struggle life and immortal achievements. Lesson 20 Truth is produced after a hundred question marks 1, reciting 1, paragraphs 2, 6, 7 and 8. 2. "Truth is born after a hundred question marks" is the main point of the text. Explain with facts that as long as you are good at observing, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems, and persistently looking for the source, you can find the truth in real life. Examples of Theory of Three Represents's theory in the history of scientific development are cited: First, Professor Xie Piluo found problems in the whirlpool of bath water, and through repeated experimental research, it was found that the rotation direction of the whirlpool of water was related to the rotation of the earth; Second, Boyle, a famous British chemist, accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn petals red. After many experiments, he finally invented the acid-base test paper. Thirdly, Austrian doctors infer from the phenomenon of rolling their eyes when their sons are dreaming, and after repeated observation and analysis, they get the general rule that all sleepers say they are dreaming when rolling their eyes. 3. Understand the sentence: (1) Put "? "put it right"! "I found the truth." ? I found a problem here, which is an eternal problem! "It is through exploration that doubts can be solved and truth can be discovered. The advantage of this writing is that this sentence expresses an abstract truth in an intuitive and vivid way, leaving a deep impression on people. (2) People who are good at "asking what's next" have discovered, invented, created and achieved something. The image of "ask what's next" expresses the spirit of perseverance and constant exploration. The words "discovery", "invention", "creation" and "achievement" are arranged in descending order of harvest, which also shows that ordinary things contain truth and great achievements, and only those who ask what is next can do it. (3) As long as you know a little, be good at asking questions and keep exploring, you can find the truth after you answer a few question marks. The meaning of "seeing the micro-knowledge": when you see the signs of things, you can know the nature of their development trends or problems. This sentence uses "as long as ........................................................................................................................................................................