Argumentative writing is a style of analyzing and commenting on a certain issue or thing, and expressing one's views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argument. The basic requirements of an argument are: correct viewpoint, serious generalization, practical significance, conciseness and appropriate comprehensive use of various expressions; The basic requirements of the argument are: true and reliable, fully typical; The basic requirement of argument is that reasoning must be logical. When writing an argumentative essay, we should consider the argument, what to use as an argument to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. It can be to put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer to draw a new conclusion. This kind of writing is called total score, which is often used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that people care about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step, which is a difficult way to write. It is also necessary for the author to compare and contrast two different things in an opposite way, and then draw a conclusion, which is a comparative writing. Argumentative writing is a kind of style that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and viewpoint. This kind of article either puts forward some opinions and opinions from the front, or refutes other people's wrong views. Comments in newspapers, essays or feelings in daily life all belong to the category of argumentative writing. Argumentative writing, also called argumentative writing, is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By presenting facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his views are right or wrong, and establish or deny a certain proposition. Argumentative writing should be clear-cut, well-argued, concise in language, reasonable in argument and strict in logic. Argument is an expression that the author analyzes and comments on objective things to show his opinions, opinions and attitudes. It usually consists of three parts: argument, argument and demonstration. ? Types of argumentative essays: 1. Argument? Argument is the author's view, viewpoint and proposition on a certain problem or a certain kind of event in the article, which requires correctness, distinctiveness and pertinence. For example, the article "Persistence is Victory" argues that persistence is an important condition for a person to achieve academic or career success. ? Persistence is Victory People all want to achieve something in their careers or studies, but only some people have won, while quite a few people have fallen into the pain of failure. Why is this? As the saying goes, "Success comes naturally". It stands to reason that those losers can fully taste the joy of victory, but they often lack a necessary condition for victory, that is, persistence. This is the reason why they failed. In the above proverb, the meaning of "persistence" has been implied in the "achievement". Obviously, if a person wants to achieve academic or career success, in addition to personal efforts, persistence is also an important condition to achieve this goal. ? Dickens, a famous British writer, usually pays great attention to observing and experiencing life. No matter whether it is windy or rainy, he insists on going to the streets to observe and listen every day, writing down the odds and ends of pedestrians and accumulating rich living materials. In this way, he wrote a wonderful description of the dialogue between characters in David Copperfield and left a vivid description of the social background in A Tale of Two Cities, thus becoming a generation of British writers and achieving great success in his literary career. Edison spent ten years developing the storage battery, during which he kept on gritting his teeth. After about 5, experiments, he finally succeeded in inventing the storage battery and was awarded the reputation of "the king of invention". ? Dickens and Edison won the final victory by persistence. Persistence made Dickens leave many excellent works for people and added many fine works to the treasure house of world literature. Persistence enabled Edison to overcome many difficulties and make indelible contributions to the progress of mankind. It can be seen that persistence can make people achieve career and academic success. ? Those losers often give up their efforts at the last minute and miss out on success. I remember that a chemist in Sweden seemed to find a new element when extracting iodine from seawater, but he retreated in the face of this complicated extraction and experiment. When another chemist spent a year, after numerous experiments, and finally added a new member to the family of elements-bromine, he was immortalized, the Swedish chemist could only watch each other silently immersed in the joy of victory. The two chemists, one of whom persisted and won; The other one didn't hold on and didn't succeed. It can be seen that persistence is the last obstacle to victory. In the darkest moment, that is, the moment when the light is coming, the more at such a moment. The more you need to persist. Because persistence is victory. ? (Li Sheng) 2. Argument? Argument is the evidence to prove the correctness of the argument. To prove the correctness of the argument, first of all, the argument must make people feel true and credible and can fully prove the argument. Secondly, the argument should be typical and can receive the effect of "taking one as ten". Third, the arguments should be novel, and try to find some fresh arguments that can give people new feelings and enlightenment. Remember that those who don't know the author don't scribble the author's name. ? For example, the positive and negative examples of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists cited in the article "Persistence is Victory" are all arguments used to prove the argument, which are both typical and believable. ? 3. Demonstration process? The process of argumentation refers to the process of using evidence to explain and prove that the argument is correct. It requires profound and thorough exposition and pays attention to the art of reasoning. Taking the exercise Persistence is Victory as an example, this composition uses two typical examples: the stories of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists, which proves the view that persistence is victory from two aspects of the text, and this process is the process of argumentation. Deductive argument? Deductive argument is an argument method to infer the essential characteristics of individual things from the known general principles and laws. If the inductive argument method is from special to general, then the deductive argument method is from general to special. The application of deductive argument requires that the major premise and minor premise must be true, correct and consistent, and that the inference is logical, otherwise there will be mistakes. For example, the exercise "Persistence is Victory" adopts deductive argumentation, the major premise is that persistence is victory, and the minor premise is that Dickens and Edison insisted, so they won and the conclusion came naturally. ? In addition, there are many ways to demonstrate, such as using ancient times to discuss the present, using numbers, parallelism and description. The more methods we master, the deeper and more convincing our reasoning will be, and the more convincing our logical power will be, which can be gradually mastered in the learning process. Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argument. Write an opinion according to the topic, and explain it. It is important to have persuasion ability, and the three elements are indispensable. Take a closer look at the following, and you can try to write more in the future, so that your composition can make progress. In addition, we should remember more famous sayings, aphorisms and celebrity examples, so as to better apply them in our compositions. Argumentative writing contains three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. (1) Argument (1) What is an argument? Argument is the point to be discussed and expounded in the article, and it is the view and proposition to be expressed by the author. Reading argumentative essays, the first thing is to find, extract and understand the arguments of the article. (2) There are several arguments: an article can have one argument or more than one argument. If there is more than one argument, it is necessary to clarify the central argument. These arguments can be parallel or progressive, but they should all obey the central argument of the whole paper. (3) the position of the argument: the argument of the article can be arranged at the beginning, or at the middle or end of the article. That is, it can be arranged anywhere in the article. But more often than not, it is at the beginning of the article, and so is the paragraph argument. (4) Presentation of arguments: Some argumentative arguments are expressed in clear sentences in the article, and we just need to find them out; Others are not directly expressed in clear sentences, which need to be extracted and summarized by readers themselves. (5) Attention should be paid to the proposition and establishment of the argument: ① correctness. The persuasiveness of an argument is rooted in the correct reflection of objective things, which in turn depends on whether the author's position, viewpoint, attitude and method are correct. If the argument itself is incorrect or even lies, no matter how it is demonstrated, it cannot convince people. Therefore, the correct argument is the minimum requirement of argumentative writing. ② distinctiveness. What is in favor of and against should be very clear, not ambiguous and ambiguous. ③ Novelty. Arguments should be as original and profound as possible, which can go beyond other people's opinions. They should not repeat other people's platitudes, nor be irrelevant and superficial. They should be as original and novel as possible. (II) Argument (1) What is an argument? Argument is the material and basis to prove an argument. (2) Types of arguments: ① factual materials and ② theoretical materials. (1) as the factual materials of the argument, it can be a. concrete examples, b. summarized facts, c. statistics, and d. personal experiences and feelings. (2) as the theoretical material of argument, it can be a. classic works and wise sayings of predecessors, b. folk proverbs and sayings, c. scientific axioms, laws and so on. (3) Requirements for using arguments: ① Certainty. We must choose those hard and typical facts. When citing theoretical materials that have been tested by practice as arguments, we must pay attention to the precise meaning of the cited theory itself. ② Typical. The cited examples should be widely representative, representing the universal characteristics and general nature of this kind of things. (3) the unity of arguments and arguments. The argument is to prove the argument, so the two should be closely related. (3) Argumentation (1) What is argumentation? Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments. The argument of argumentation is to solve "what to prove", the argument is to solve "what to prove", and the argument is to solve the problem of "how to demonstrate". The purpose of argumentation is to reveal the internal logical relationship between arguments and arguments. (2) Types of argumentation: Argumentative argumentation is generally divided into two types: argument and refutation. (1) argument is a way of argument that positively proves the correctness of the author's own argument with sufficient arguments; (2) refutation is an argument way to refute others' wrong arguments with strong arguments. Argument and refutation are both proofs, one of which is to prove its correctness from the front, and the other is to prove its mistake from the back. They can use basically the same argument method. (3) Basic argumentation methods: including three categories and five kinds: induction, example, deduction, analogy and comparison. ① Induction. Inductive argument is an argument method from individual to general. It draws a general conclusion through many individual examples or arguments, and then summarizes the characteristics they have. Induction can first give examples and then conclude conclusions, or put forward conclusions and then give examples to prove them. The former is what we usually call induction, and the latter is what we call example. Example method is a kind of argumentation method to prove the argument with individual and typical concrete examples. ② Deductive method. Deductive argument is a kind of argument method from general to individual. It deduces conclusions about individual cases from general principles, and the relationship between its premise and conclusions is necessary. There are many forms of deduction, such as syllogism, hypothetical reasoning and selective reasoning, but the most important one is syllogism. Syllogism consists of three parts: major premise, minor premise and conclusion. Such as the major premise that all metals can conduct electricity, the minor premise that iron is a metal, and the conclusion that iron can conduct electricity. ③ Comparative method. Comparative argument is an argument method from individual to individual. It is usually divided into two categories, one is analogy and the other is comparison. Analogy is a method of comparing different things with the same or similar nature and characteristics in some aspects, thus drawing conclusions. Contrast method is a method to prove an argument by comparing different things whose nature and characteristics are opposite or opposite in some aspects. (4) Refutation methods: There are three methods to refute arguments, namely, ① refuting arguments, ② refuting arguments, and ③ refuting arguments. Because argumentative writing is composed of three parts: argument, argument and argument, refuting the argument or argument has the same effect as directly refuting the argument. A refutation paper can be combined with several refutation methods to strengthen the strength and persuasiveness of refutation. (1) refute the argument, that is, directly refute the one-sided, false or fallacy of the other argument itself, which is the most commonly used method in refutation. (2) refute the argument, that is, reveal the error of the other argument, in order to achieve the purpose of knocking down the other argument; Because the wrong argument is bound to lead to the wrong argument. (3) rebuttal argument, that is, exposing the logical errors of the other party in the process of argument, such as the contradiction between major premise, minor premise and conclusion, the contradiction between the other party's arguments, the contradiction between arguments and arguments, and so on.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia.