After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Long Live" could not be called casually. From the Warring States Period to before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, although the word "Long Live" often appeared in the mouths of emperors and subjects, its meaning could be divided into two. Class, generally still the same as the ancient method. First, it talks about the date of death. For example: The King of Chu wandered in the clouds and dreamed, looked up to the sky and smiled and said: "I will live forever, who can enjoy this?" Lord Anling wept for several lines and said: "My king will live forever, I am willing to go to the underworld to drive away the ants." After Liu Bang established his capital in Guanzhong, he once said: "Although I am in Guanzhong, after long live, my soul is still happy and thoughtful." "Qi Jizi will be the king of Zhao as she wishes. Gaozu is worried that it will not be complete after long live." Also, "Long live, "The period of long life is called death," Yan Shigu said. This clearly shows that whether it is the king of Chu looking up to the sky and laughing and saying "Long live forever", or Lord Anling flattering his horse. The "Long live the Queen" that Liu Bang said on different occasions when he was deeply attached to his hometown and worried about his youngest son, King Zhao, all indicate death. Compared with ordinary people who call death, they can only say death, death, death, worldly death, no taboo, no fortune, death, donation of residence, abandonment of hall, death of siblings, etc. Although it seems a bit special, it is different from what was later called death. After all, the meaning of the sanctified word "Long Live" is quite different. Second, it means cheering, which is quite similar to "Ula" in Russian. Please look at the facts: Lin Xiangru held the rare treasure and his family's jade and "played it to the King of Qin. The King of Qin was very happy and passed it on to show the beauty to his left and right. They all shouted long live." The story of Feng Huan, a retainer of Lord Mengchang, who burned the deed is very popular. Historical records: Feng Huan went to Empress Xue, "who sent the officials to recruit the people to pay back the coupons. ... Because they burned the coupons, the people said long live." In order to paralyze the Yan army, Tian Dan "sent old and weak women into the city to send envoys." If you surrender to Yan, the Yan army will all shout long live." Ji Xin made a plan for Liu Bang, who was surrounded by Xiang Yu's army, and ran to the Chu army and lied: "The food in the city will be over, and the King of Han will surrender." The Chu army all shouted long live. "Lu Jia followed Liu Bang's order and wrote "Xin Yu", "Every time he played a piece, Emperor Gao did not fail to praise him for his kindness, and he shouted "long live" from left to right. In the front hall, Emperor Gaozu served as emperor and said: "The great emperor often thinks that his ministers are scoundrels and cannot afford property. Who is worse than Zhongli?" All the ministers in the hall shouted long live. , laugh for joy." - All this fully shows that from the Warring States Period to the early Han Dynasty, although people often shouted "Long Live", they were not specifically shouting for the emperor; but when there was something happy, even if they cheered, it was nothing more than that. That’s all! By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, as Confucianism was assigned to the emperor, "Long Live" was also assigned to the emperor. From then on, it became synonymous with the highest feudal ruler. According to historical records, this is the product of a huge lie carefully concocted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Historical records: In the first month of the first year of Yuanfeng, "In the first month of spring, I traveled to the Feng clan. The edict said: 'I am serving Huashan, as for Zhongyue... The next day I climbed Songgao in person, and the censor took the subordinates. The officials and soldiers at the temple heard that three people shouted long live. Climb. The emperor didn't answer. "Look, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty climbed to the top of Songshan Mountain, and the officials and soldiers heard him shouting "Long live" three times. Who called it? Xun Yue noted: "Long live, the name of the mountain god." It turned out that the gods were shouting "Long live" to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as a salute; moreover, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty paid tribute to the gods in return, and all of them agreed, which is the so-called "Long Live the Mountain God". No answer." It's really alive! In order to further deify the monarchy and strengthen the feudal autocracy, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fabricated the myth of "Three people shouting "Long Live" after hearing the news, which became an unconventional example for later generations of subjects to shout "Long Live" three times to celebrate the emperor's favor - and also known as "Shan Hu". Code. Fifteen years later, in March of the third year of Taishi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took another step forward on the road of lying, claiming that "Fortunately, Langxie, the ritual sun has made a mountain. Climb it and float on the sea. The mountain is called Long Live." This time. , said it even more brilliantly: Zhifu Mountain in Shandong, the whole mountain shouted him "Long Live". From this point of view, this logic is bound to form: gods and stones all shout "Long Live" to the emperor. The subjects and common people are shorter than the gods, but also a head taller than the ignorant stones. If they don't shout "Long Live" to the emperor, it is obviously a mistake. No. So, from then on, in front of the throne of the feudal emperor, the voice of "Long live" was heard endlessly. It goes without saying that from now on, the sweet word "long live" is only suitable for the emperor alone. If others use it, it is transgression, rebellion and disrespect. Let me give you an example: According to historical records, Dou Xian, the great general of the Later Han Dynasty, "was so powerful that he...hui the emperor's mausoleum in the west ancestral hall, summoned Xian and his charioteer to meet Chang'an. When Xian arrived, the minister expressed his desire to worship him and said long live him. Leng Zhengse said "It's a system where you don't flatter your superiors, don't flatter your subordinates, and have no one to honor you." Those who discussed it gradually stopped." It seems that there is a lot of confusion in the head of this minister, and Han Leng's. His mind is still clear; if Dou Xian is really happy with the word "Long Live", even if his head is still pressed on his shoulders by luck, he will have to suffer a lot. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the feudal rulers played various tricks on "Long Live": the emperor named his birthday as "Longevity Festival", and the emperor's wife, son, daughter, etc., were demoted to a lower level and followed the same pattern to euphemistically name the day. "Thousand-Shou Festival", whenever this festival occurs, there is a lot of fuss and extravagance. Especially the two female rulers are even more original. One is Wu Zetian. She changed the yuan multiple times as casually as flipping through a ledger, claiming that "Long Live Tianzhi". In AD 696, the year of Liufeng, the year titles were changed one after another, with one day "Long Live Tongtian" and the other day "Long Live Dengfeng". It is really a great invention to add the word "Long Live" to the year name. The other is the infamous Empress Dowager Cixi.

She already had a long list of honorific titles, and one of her flatterers went so far as to suggest that the four characters "Longevity without Borders" should be included. This is really unprecedented. If "Lafayette" knew it underground, he would probably still be proud of it, right? There was also a feudal ruler who, although he was a man, was ridiculed by Lu Xun as "half a woman"; this person was the despised Ming Dynasty eunuch Wei Zhongxian. He monopolized power, burned the sky, built shrines all over the country, and the important people called him Nine Thousand Years Old. Judging from the ancestral temple in Jizhou, Wei Zhongxian's "golden statue" is crowned with a crown, and his sparse words are like praising the saints, saying that the virtues of Yao, Tian, ??and Shun were the most holy and divine. And the cabinet ministers often responded with arrogant words. Yun Tai Welcoming the statue of Zhongxian, we bowed five times, bowed our heads three times, and prayed in front of the statue: something depends on the support of nine thousand years. "Nine thousand years is better than long life. Although it is one thousand years younger, it can still be regarded as "long live". . This can't help but remind people of Lu Xun's famous saying: "The more boring and useless the character, the more he wants to live long and be immortal." In fact, both the Empress Dowager Cixi and Wei Zhongxian, to borrow Lu Xun's words, "are worse than a The fart stinks for a long time”! "Long live" is equated with the highest feudal ruler, and the common people must shout it when worshiping, otherwise it will of course be disrespectful. However, in the strict feudal codes including Tang Code, Ming Code, and Qing Code, there is no definition of the emperor as "Long Live", the subjects must "Long Live the Mountain", and do not shout "Long Live", doubt or oppose "Long Live", that is, Provisions punishable by lese majeste. In fact, the emperor is "long live", and people must respect and shout infinitely, otherwise it will be treason, but it has become a law of nature. This is unwritten law; and countless facts have proven that unwritten law is a hundred times more powerful than written law. It was not that the common people at that time had no idea of ??this; in folk operas, they would often say "Honor my lord, long live my Lord..." and even offer a tablet with the words "Long live the present emperor" to express it. His undying loyalty to the emperor is proof of this. However, as Zhang Fuxiang of the Qing Dynasty said in his poem, "It may not be that the ignorant people really worship the Buddha, and the officials are so solemn in appearance." Therefore, there are also exceptions. According to research by Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty, the meaning of the word "Long Live" was used to cheer for celebrations in ancient times. "The folk spoken language has not changed, so there were still people who thought of it as a celebration in the late Tang Dynasty, but over time no one dared to use it." As far as the Northern Song Dynasty was concerned, the country was weak. According to historical records, "On New Year's Eve in Lizhou, every firecracker is fired. Every time a sound is made, the crowd in the city shouts "Dashu". If it is the first day of the new year,...Guangnan will shout long live." "Guangnan...calls uncle as an official and aunt as a family member." ,...the son-in-law is a prince-in-law, which is something that Zhongzhou dare not say. But when firecrackers are fired, soldiers and civilians gather around, shouting "Long Live", it is especially terrifying. "In fact, what is "terrible"? In a remote place like Guangnan, which is far away from the center of feudal rule, in people's minds, "Long Live Lord" is like "the sky is high and the emperor is far away", and is not necessarily so sacred, amiable or scary. Therefore, we might as well be on an equal footing with the emperor and call our sons-in-law their consorts; as for these consorts, can they also call their father-in-law "Long Live"? There is a gap in history and it is unknown. In fact, in the later Zhou, Sui, and Tang dynasties, common people's names were still occasionally called Li Wansui, Shi Wansui, and Diao Wansui. The meaning may be similar to the way modern people named their children Chang Geng. Wish him a long life. As for New Year's Eve, people are extremely happy and shout "Long Live" amidst the sound of firecrackers, which is not even scary; this is just a remnant of ancient customs from the pre-Qin period. Confucius said, "If you lose etiquette, you will seek help from others." This is true.