1. The content and characteristics of knowledge management

Knowledge Management is an academic and business application topic that began to rise around the world in the mid-1990s. It targets individuals and society. Actively and effectively manage the identification, creation, mastery, use, sharing and dissemination of explicit and tacit knowledge owned by the group.

The inherent theoretical and applied aspects it mainly covers include learning organizations, corporate culture, information technology applications, and personnel management.

Knowledge management generally focuses on improving effectiveness, competitive advantage, innovation, sharing knowledge and learning, integrating knowledge and continuous improvement as corporate goals. Knowledge management is similar to organizational learning, but there are differences. It pays more attention to the management of knowledge as a strategic resource and encourages the sharing of knowledge, which is a good way for enterprises to learn.

The following are the characteristics of knowledge management for reference only:

First, knowledge management is based on the understanding that "knowledge has value and knowledge can create value". Its purpose It is to improve the ability of individuals or organizations to create value through more effective use of knowledge. The basic activities of knowledge management are the identification, acquisition, development, decomposition, use and storage of knowledge. Specific knowledge management activities require investment of money and labor. These activities include: first, the acquisition of knowledge, that is, creating files and entering files into the computer system; second, adding value to knowledge through editing, combination and organization; third, Develop methods to classify knowledge and characterize new contributions to knowledge; fourth, develop the information technology base and implement knowledge distribution; fifth, educate employees on the creation, separation and utilization of knowledge.

Second, for enterprises, knowledge management is a brand-new business management model. Its starting point is to regard knowledge as the most important strategic resource of the enterprise, and to maximize the mastery and utilization of knowledge as an improvement. key to corporate competitiveness. Knowledge management coordinates and unifies different aspects of human resources existing in the enterprise with information technology, market analysis and even the enterprise's business strategy, etc., all of which serve the development of the enterprise and create an effect in which the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Third, knowledge management is not only the latest management method, but also represents a new development in understanding and exploring the role of knowledge in management and work. This way of understanding and exploration is more organic and comprehensive. When enterprises face increasing discontinuous environmental changes, knowledge management is a catering measure for important aspects such as organizational adaptability, organizational survival and organizational capabilities. In essence, it embeds the development process of the organization and seeks to organically combine the data and information processing capabilities provided by information technology with human invention and innovation capabilities. Knowledge management is the real guide for individuals and organizations to adapt to the increasingly complex and changing environment of the modern economy.

Fourth, the fundamental reason for the emergence of knowledge management is the increasing role of scientific and technological progress in social economy. With the advent of the knowledge economy, knowledge management will pervade all areas of society. It will enable countries, companies, institutions and individuals to get rid of the limitations of traditional resources or capital and gain new competitive advantages. Therefore, it has strong vitality and Broad development prospects.

2. What aspects does knowledge include?

Knowledge What exactly knowledge is is still controversial. The definition of knowledge in our country is generally made from a philosophical perspective, such as in the "Chinese Encyclopedia" The "knowledge" entry in "Encyclopedia of Education" is expressed as follows: "The so-called knowledge, in terms of the content it reflects, is a reflection of the attributes and connections of objective things, and is the subjective image of the objective world in the human brain. In terms of it In terms of the form of reflective activities, sometimes it appears as the subject's perceptual perception or representation of things, which belongs to perceptual knowledge; sometimes it appears as concepts or laws about things, which belongs to rational knowledge." From this definition we can see that knowledge is The product of the unity of subject and object. It comes from the external world, so knowledge is objective; but knowledge itself is not objective reality, but the reflection of the characteristics and connections of things in the human brain. It is a subjective representation of objective things. Knowledge is produced through the reflection activities of the human brain on the basis of the interaction between subject and object. Knowledge is the only source of the love and principles of human freedom. The above definition provides a philosophical basis for us to discuss the connotation of knowledge. But the macro The understanding of philosophical reflection theory also needs to be concretized from the perspective of individual cognition, so that it can be effectively used to guide specific teaching in schools. Different from philosophy, cognitive psychology starts from the source of knowledge, the production process and representation form of individual knowledge. Knowledge is studied from other angles. For example, Piaget believed that experience (i.e. knowledge) comes from the interaction between an individual and the environment. This experience can be divided into two categories: one is physical experience, which comes from the external world and is The understanding of objective things and their connections that an individual obtains by acting on objects; the other type is logical-mathematical experience, which comes from the actions of the subject and is the result of the individual's understanding of the coordination between actions and actions. For example, by playing with objects, children Gain experience about the conservation of quantity, and students gain knowledge about mathematical principles through mathematical reasoning. Piaget's definition of knowledge is expressed from the production process of individual knowledge. Bloom believes that knowledge is "Recollection of specific things and general principles, recollection of methods and processes, or recollection of a pattern, structure or framework", this is said from the perspective of the content contained in knowledge and belongs to a description of phenomena. We He believes that when understanding the meaning of knowledge, it is necessary to distinguish knowledge as the common wealth of human society from knowledge in individual minds. Knowledge in human society exists objectively, but knowledge in individual minds does not Objective reality itself is a subjective representation of an individual, that is, the knowledge structure in the human brain. It includes not only feelings, perceptions, representations, etc., but also concepts, propositions, and schemas, which respectively mark the individual's response to objective things. Different breadth and depth, which are formed through individual cognitive activities. Generally speaking, individual knowledge is stored in the brain in the form of a hierarchical network structure (cognitive structure) from concrete to abstract. Philosophy mainly affects human beings Social science studies the nature of knowledge, while psychology mainly studies the nature of individual knowledge. Famous quotes about knowledge Bacon: Knowledge is power Gorky: Take care of books, it is the source of knowledge. Northcote: Learned People are reservoirs of knowledge, not sources. Without absorbing the light of knowledge, the mind will be shrouded in darkness. Flex: A university is an institution that consciously devotes itself to the pursuit of knowledge and strives to solve difficult problems. Use a critical eye to evaluate people's achievements, and educate people with a true high level. Chesterfield: When we enter our old age, knowledge will be our comfortable and necessary retreat; if we do not plant seeds when we are young, The tree of knowledge will have no place to rest in the shade when you grow old. Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty: It is difficult to know what is urgent without asking for it; practice what you know and do not be afraid of doing what is difficult. Ying Ralph: The wisdom of a wise man is an extraordinary common sense. Turfield: Knowledge can be obtained by reading; but more useful knowledge and understanding of the world can only be obtained by studying various people. Samuel Johnson: The thirst for knowledge is a natural tendency of human beings, and any person with a sound mind can Everyone will do whatever it takes to acquire knowledge. Engels: Complex labor involves the use of skills and knowledge that require more or less hard work, time and money to acquire. Custer: Managers do not assume the task of creating knowledge. The task of a manager is to apply knowledge effectively. · Riggs: A manager's management ability is a function of his quality, knowledge and experience. These three factors interact to form a special management style. ***: Just talk in vain To achieve modernization, we must have knowledge and talents. Without knowledge

, how can one get there without talent? Kolmogorov: Science is the unique wealth of mankind, and the task of a real scientist is to enrich this treasure trove of knowledge that can benefit all mankind. H. Spencer: Science is systemized knowledge. Joseph ·Lu: Science is for those who are diligent and studious, and poetry is for those who are knowledgeable. O. Holmes: Science is the local anatomy of "ignorance". Schopenhauer: Broad thoughts and knowledge without profound experience , like a textbook with only two lines of text per page but forty lines of annotations. Argument: People are powerful if they have knowledge. Practice is the mother of knowledge, and knowledge is the beacon of life. Einstein: Learning Knowledge requires being good at thinking, thinking, and thinking again.