Third grade Chinese teaching and research group

Recitation is a good way to learn a language. Developing students' memory, improving their ability to understand words, promoting writing, standardizing students' written language, accumulating language, cultivating study habits, and cultivating interest in learning all rely on recitation. Recitation also has many functions such as developing students' thinking. What is particularly important is that the primary school stage is the period when memory is at its strongest in life, and most of the texts in Xiaoyu textbooks are both beautiful in quality and quality. Through recitation, students can accumulate a large number of good words and sentences, exquisite chapters, and continuously enrich their language inventory; and From reciting, they can understand the author's ingenuity in planning the layout of the article, choosing words and sentences, and understand the true meaning of expression methods, which will benefit them throughout their lives. Chinese teachers should seize this favorable opportunity and guide students to read more, read more until they are familiar with it, and read more until they can recite it. The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" particularly emphasize the need to recite a certain number of chapters, which requires our teachers to not only pay attention to students' reading, but also pay attention to students' recitation. The third grade is a critical period for primary school students to learn Chinese, and more attention should be paid to the cultivation of students' recitation ability. Therefore, the teaching and research theme we have formulated this semester is how to improve students' recitation ability.

One or two are beneficial.

1. Reciting helps enhance understanding. There are two types of people's memories, one is mechanical memory and the other is understanding memory. Primary school students have poor understanding ability, mainly due to mechanical memory. As we grow older, our ability to understand gradually increases, and our memory is transformed from mechanical memory to understanding memory. Professor Su Buqing once said that when he was a child, he memorized books such as "Mencius" and "Historical Records". He didn't understand many of the contents, but he memorized them anyway. As I recite more and get older, I understand all the contents one by one. His profound literary foundation today was laid by memorization at that time. In fact, once a person's understanding is strong, the good time of reciting may have passed. You should memorize a lot while you are young, energetic and have a strong memory. Just like a cow eating grass, you eat it wholeheartedly first. When you are full, you lie down to slowly ruminate, chew, digest, and absorb.

2． Memorizing is helpful to improve writing skills. Only by memorizing more, absorbing and storing a large amount of vocabulary can students improve their writing ability and have better Chinese quality. If recitation is to accumulate energy for writing, then writing is a clear spring. Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, said: "Reading thousands of volumes, writing is like a spirit." The "breaking" here has the flavor of reciting through familiarity. After reading thousands of books, you will have a magical touch when writing articles. Some ancient literati, such as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi... They never studied grammar, rhetoric, or logic, but they were able to write good articles that have been passed down through the ages. The secret is that they have read and even recited a large number of Excellent works, forming a keen sense of language. Mr. Lu Xun also said when talking about the preparations for writing his first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman": "I probably relied on all the hundreds of foreign works I had read before and a little medical knowledge." It can be seen that recitation It is closely connected with writing. These celebrities memorized famous articles and classics, just like a trickle of water accumulating water into a gulf, providing a rich source of water for their creative flow, so that the poetry and prose of "the endless Yangtze River rolls in" can be passed down.

2. Ten methods of recitation.

1. Understand meaning method. That is to guide students to recite on the basis of understanding. They must first understand the meaning of words, understand the meaning of sentences, and understand the meaning of articles. Then they can recite it with their mouths and memorize it with their hearts, so as to achieve the goal of "reciting through familiarity".

2． Outline and lead method. That is to say, students are guided to grasp the key words and sentences and understand the main content of their expression, which can be used as a basis for memory to speed up recitation.

3． Compare similarities and differences. Some articles have similar structures in several paragraphs, which can guide students to recognize their similarities and differences through comparative analysis, promote the improvement of recitation speed, and achieve twice the result with half the effort.

4. Divide into zeros. That is, students are asked to divide an article into several paragraphs, and each paragraph is divided into several sections and sentences. First recite sentence by sentence, verse by verse, paragraph by paragraph, from less to more, and gradually accumulate until you are proficient in reciting them all.

5. Picture and shadow enlightenment method. Summarize the content to be recited into "pictures" according to the order of narrative, and use audio-visual means (or simple drawings) such as slideshows, projections, and multimedia to display pictures of the content of each section to help students reduce the difficulty of reciting.

6. Performance promotion method. Primary school students are active and playful, and their image thinking dominates. We can adapt to this psychological characteristic and use performances to guide them to deepen their understanding during the performance and practice recitation during the performance.

7． Run-on sentence grammar. When reciting, students can be guided to find some related words or important sentences as support points for memory to help recite.

8. Copying reinforcement method. This method is more suitable for some short and exciting fragments, ancient poems and famous sentences, and can be copied to enhance memory. Because when copying, multiple senses such as hands, eyes, and heart work together to transmit information to the brain center, leaving deep traces in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, through copying, you can also master the strokes and structure of some difficult words, which will facilitate more accurate dictation in the next step.

9. Difficulty breakthrough method. The content required to be recited is not all of the same difficulty. Generally speaking, if it is easy to memorize only the beginning and end of a paragraph, but difficult to memorize the middle part, students can be guided to break through the middle part first.

10． Soundtrack motivational method. That is to say, play some music for students to create a certain vocal atmosphere to help students practice recitation in a relaxed and pleasant stimulation.

There are many ways to recite. In actual recitation, several methods are often used together. At the same time, the choice of methods should also vary from person to person and from text to text, and should be used flexibly. In this way, the quality of recitation can be continuously improved and the purpose and requirements of teaching can be achieved.

3. Our seven practices.

There is an old saying in China: "If you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will be apparent to you." The Chinese language is rich in vocabulary and can be used flexibly. In order to use the language without thinking and with ease, one must repeat the language and words thousands of times in order to fix the rules, meanings and sentiments of the language and words in the mind. If you read and recite it carefully, you will have the effect of "sudden understanding" as Zhu Xi said. You will not only master the text, but also understand the Tao, and achieve the purpose of understanding the original intention of Chinese teaching.

1. Guide the recitation of passages in class. Most of the primary school Chinese texts are articles that are both beautiful in quality, standardized in language, and easy to understand. They are good teaching materials for students to accumulate language. In teaching, it must be reading-oriented, requiring students to read more and memorize more, and give full play to the language demonstration function of the teaching materials. "A good book will never tire of being read a hundred times, and a person will know himself if he reads it thoroughly and ponders deeply." This famous saying expresses the true meaning of learning Chinese. In the sound of reading, the beautiful realm, symbolic meaning and vivid description of the text can often be fully and heartily reflected. Reading is not only a basic skill and a way to understand the content of an article, but also an important activity for training students to accumulate language. Therefore, in teaching, teachers should give students time to read and recite thoroughly, so that students can thoroughly read the text, grasp the essence of the text, and make the sentences in the text their own. For example, when we teach the lesson "Pearl of the Orient", we guide students to recite from the following three aspects: (1) Combine recitation with looking at pictures. Students are required to look at the pictures carefully when reciting the text, so that students can feel the ideological content expressed in the pictures. (2) Combine recitation with comprehension. The article "Pearl of the Orient" is beautifully written and rich in content. During teaching, I paid attention to guiding students to understand the ideas and content of the text through key words and sentences, and to understand the different characteristics of the three scenic spots in Hong Kong. I also focused on cultivating students' ability to recreate imagination with language. Make students understand the meaning.

2． Provide guidance on reciting beautiful passages. We can combine teaching materials to guide students to read and recite some beautiful passages. For example, after studying "Pearl of the Orient" and "Little Dewdrop", we let students read freely, selectively recite fragments of them, and some even write them silently. After students have recited a certain number of texts and accumulated a large amount of language materials, they will understand some patterns and make a leap in understanding. Once the things recited are familiar to the heart, the words, rhythm, etc. will be transformed into the students' own language literacy, greatly improving their language ability.

3． time. It takes time for students to accumulate knowledge, and teachers must be willing to leave teaching time and homework time to students. Daily morning reading is undoubtedly the best time to recite famous works. Teachers should organize students' morning reading and let students recite in their own way. You can read out the sounds, you can recite with other students, you can recite while walking... Daily classroom assignments and homework should also set aside a certain amount of time for students to read the texts. After students have accumulated certain pieces of learning, conditions must be created to give students opportunities to demonstrate. For example, some reading exchange activities are carried out regularly, allowing students to perform on stage, giving them the opportunity to show themselves and mobilize their enthusiasm for learning.

4. Practice reading and train your sense of language

. Students practice reading aloud in the way they like and develop their sense of language. Generally, there are reading together at the same table, reading in groups, silent reading by yourself, reading while doing movements, memorizing while reading, etc. The forms are diverse and can be used flexibly.

For example, when practicing "Applause", students applauded their classmates or themselves from time to time. The scene was lively and the enthusiasm for reading was very high. The intuitiveness and interest arouse students' interest in reciting the text. Amid laughter, even students with poor foundation can quickly memorize it.

It is worth noting that teachers must also actively participate when students practice reading. When students read, teachers also read, and it is best to read while walking so as to infect students with their own emotions. Students at the same table compete to see who can read accurately and fluently.

5. Try to memorize and force memory

. The teacher recites aloud, and the students follow the teacher silently or quietly as they try to recite. The teacher must slow down when reciting, leaving students with ample room for thinking, and emphasize areas where mistakes are easy to make. If students fail to keep up, they are asked to mark the part in the book and write it down after memorizing it.

Trial memorization can guide students to concentrate on memorizing and thinking, avoiding the phenomenon of mouths moving and minds flying, and changing passive learning to active learning. The number of attempts to memorize depends on the difficulty of memorizing the passage.

6. Pull the back and use points to lead the face.

Ask students who recite faster to get up and recite. This not only understands the students' recitation situation, but also stimulates other students' desire to recite and their sense of competition, which plays a role in leading the general situation. During the recitation process, the teacher demonstrates the recitation and accepts the students' comments, which can win the applause and respect of the students. The students will follow your example and recite more energetically.

7. Clear your back and check in time

.

The students are ranked according to the order in which they recite, and students are graded according to the accuracy of their recitation. Students who are not satisfied with their scores can recite it again. The student who carries it on his back first can be the "little teacher" to check on other students.

We have conducted experiments for a semester on the method of guiding students to recite texts, and the results are relatively good. First, it greatly mobilized students' enthusiasm for reciting the text, changing the past procrastination and scrambling situation. Second, it adapts to the characteristics of primary school students who have strong mechanical memory and are good at reciting. It can fully mobilize students' eyes, mouth, heart, brain and other organs to actively participate in memory activities, greatly speeding up the memory speed. In addition, teachers actively participate from beginning to end, and teachers and students interact, which not only connects teachers and students, but also promotes teaching, killing two birds with one stone. However, time this semester is relatively tight, and some work is not done well. Therefore, in the next semester, on the basis of continuing to do a good job in this teaching and research theme, we will also require students to do necessary extracurricular reading and give necessary guidance. (Although each class recommended some books to students, such as "Little Doudou by the Window", "Charlotte's Web", etc., they were far from enough, and there were few exchanges and other activities)

4. Guiding students Accumulated in extracurricular reading.

As the saying goes, "When the books are used, you will regret the lack of them." I think the word "less" has the following meanings: First, you read less, and second, you remember less. If students are allowed to read more books and accumulate more, over time, they will be able to speak and compose at their fingertips. Research shows that only "expo" can create multi-faceted language stimulation for people's cerebral cortex, making the already formed connection system in the brain more complete and tight. Then, next semester we will do a good job in the following aspects.

1. Prepare sufficient resources and create conditions. Lu Xun once said, "To read, you must collect many flowers like a bee before you can make honey. If you sting in one place, the harvest will be very limited." Therefore, we will make full use of the school library and the class book corner. Block the main position and choose a variety of books suitable for children to read, such as fables, fairy tales, poems, and popular science novels to meet students' extracurricular reading needs. In order to keep the book source fresh and maximize students' knowledge, we plan to organize students to carry out book donation activities. Use the "present-order-cut" method to provide students with as much reading material as possible.

2. Guidance excerpts and clear directions. People often say "a good memory is worse than a bad writing". Therefore, guiding students to extract wonderful sentences and paragraphs from the articles they read is a good way to accumulate knowledge. Therefore, we will ask students to prepare excerpts and extract words and sentences that they think are good and useful to them. Teachers provide guidance on excerpting in a timely manner to prevent students from copying blindly, focusing only on "quantity" and ignoring "quality". In order to give students direction in their excerpts, several "good words and sentences" appreciation classes can also be set up to guide students in understanding, analyzing, and comparing the excerpts. Finally, through various forms of reading aloud, students can understand and apply it.

3. Show results and arouse interest. Students are young and have weak willpower, so teachers should be good at stimulating students' interest when guiding reading accumulation. Primary school students have a very strong desire for expression. After reading, extracting and analyzing, many students are willing to show their learning results. We should fully meet their needs, use activity classes, and keep students full of interest through various forms of competition or games. In this way, students not only exchange the accumulated content, but more importantly, students will also have a strong interest in this activity during the exchange process.

Finally, I used a sentence from Mr. Tao Xingzhi. His original words were "Thousands of teachings teach people to seek truth; thousands of learnings teach people to be real people." This is a teacher. The purpose of teaching and students' learning belongs to the category of virtue; can we say this: Thousands of teachings can teach children to understand; thousands of learnings can help children learn. Understanding is the goal, and learning is the method. This should belong to the category of wisdom. Our teaching and research group will unite as one, start from these two aspects, and strive to do our job well.