Hello poster, the scientist’s short story is as follows:

1. Hua Luogeng

In 1946, a university in the United States hired the famous mathematician Hua Luogeng with generous terms. Be a tenured professor. But he replied: "In order to choose the truth and for the sake of the country and the nation, I want to return to China!" Finally, he returned to Peiping (today's Beijing) with his wife and children. After returning to China, he not only devoted himself to theoretical research, but also traveled to 23 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country, using mathematics to solve a large number of practical problems in production, and was known as the "people's mathematician."

In addition, there are the famous geologist Li Siguang, biologist Tong Dizhou, nuclear physicist Qian Xuesen, high-energy physicist Zhang Wenyu, chemist Tang Aoqing... all of them are full of patriotic aspirations. , made great contributions to the country's rejuvenation.

2. The scientist has his homeland Pasteur

Pasteur was an outstanding French scientist in the 19th century and the founder of microbiology. He was famous for his invention of vaccination against infectious diseases. The law has made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of diseases for humans and livestock and poultry raised by humans. For outstanding achievements in science. As a result, he enjoyed a high reputation throughout Europe. The University of Bonn in Germany solemnly awarded an honorary degree certificate to this famous scholar. However, after the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Germany occupied French territory. Out of his deep feelings for his motherland and his great hatred for the invader Germany, Pasteur resolutely returned the honorary degree certificate to the University of Bonn. He said: "Although science has no national borders, scientists have their own motherland." These resounding words fully express the patriotic feelings of a scientist and have therefore become an immortal patriotic saying.

3. Qian Xuesen is devoted to the motherland

In 1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded. Qian Xuesen, who has been in the United States for nearly 20 years, was extremely excited. On the 6th day after the birth of New China, Qian Xuesen and his wife had a strong idea: to return to the lovely country of Dan and contribute their wisdom and strength to the newly born Republic of China. However, the road back to China was full of twists and turns and hardships, which Qian Xuesen had never expected. This scholar, who is "worth five divisions no matter where he goes," has already packed scientific books and his own research notes into boxes. When I handed it over to a U.S. moving company for shipment back to my country, I encountered difficulties from the U.S. Immigration Service. They intimidated this patriotic scholar in China in every possible way and put him in a detention center, where his personal freedom was extremely restricted. For five years, he almost lived under house arrest. But the many hardships did not dampen the strong will of Qian Xuesen and his wife to return to the motherland. They packed their boxes and were ready to take a flight back to the country at any time every day. In 1955, Qian Xuesen, who had suffered many hardships and was desperate to return home, issued a cry for help to his motherland. The Chinese government came forward to try to rescue him and return to the country through negotiations. Finally in September of this year, Qian Xuesen and his wife returned to the embrace of the motherland after more than five years of struggle.

4. Boyle - Skeptical Chemist

Boyle Er attaches great importance to experimental research. He believed that only experiment and observation were the basis of scientific thinking. He always illustrated his views through rigorous and scientific experiments. In physics, he studied the color of light, vacuum and air elasticity, and summarized Boyle's gas law; in chemistry, he studied acids, bases and indicators, and qualitatively tested methods for salts. The discussions were quite fruitful. He was the first chemist to use the sap of various natural plants as indicators. He invented litmus solution and litmus paper. He was also the first chemist to clearly define acids and bases, and divided substances into three categories: acids, bases, and salts. He created many methods for qualitative testing of salts, such as testing copper salts by using the blue color of copper salt solution and adding ammonia solution to turn it into dark blue (copper ions form copper ammonia complex ions with sufficient ammonia water); using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid Mixing silver solutions can produce white precipitates to test silver salts and hydrochloric acid. Boyle's inventions have such a long-lasting vitality that we still often use these oldest methods today. Boyle also did many experiments in the determination of material composition and purity, and the study of material similarities and differences.

In "A Brief Review of the History of Experimental Research on Mineral Waters" published in 1685, he described a set of methods for identifying substances and became a pioneer of qualitative analysis.

In 1670, Boyle suffered a stroke due to fatigue. After that, his health fluctuated. When he was unable to conduct research in the laboratory, he devoted himself to organizing the knowledge he had gained from practice and reasoning over the years. Knowledge. As long as his body feels a little light, he can go to the laboratory to do his experiments or write papers and have fun doing so. In 1680, he was elected president of the Royal Society, but he declined the honor. Although he was born into a noble family, his lifelong passion was working and living in scientific research. He never married and devoted his life to the exploration of natural sciences. On December 30, 1691, this scientist who laid the foundation for chemical science in the 17th century died in London. Engels once made the most noble evaluation of him: "Boyle established chemistry as a science."

5. Priestley - the father of gas chemistry

1774 Priestley put mercury soot (mercury oxide) in a glass dish and heated it with a condenser, and found that it quickly decomposed into gas. He originally thought that the gas released was air, so he used the gas collection method to collect the gas produced and conducted research. He found that the gas made the candle burn more vigorously, and he felt very relaxed and comfortable breathing it. He produced oxygen and experimentally proved that oxygen has the properties of assisting combustion and respiration. But because he was a stubborn believer in phlogistonism and still believed that air was a single gas, he also called this gas "dephlogisticated air", whose properties were only different from the "air saturated with phlogiston" (nitrogen) discovered earlier. The difference lies in the content of phlogiston, so the combustion-supporting ability is different. In the same year, he visited Europe and exchanged many chemical views with Lavoisier in Paris. He also told Lavoisier about the experiment of using a condenser to decompose mercury ash, which benefited Lavoisier a lot. Lavoisier repeated Priestley's experiments on oxygen, connected them with a large number of accurate experimental materials, made scientific analysis and judgment, and revealed the true connection between combustion and air. However, until 1783, when Lavoisier's theory of combustion and oxidation was generally considered correct, Priestley still did not accept Lavoisier's explanation. He still insisted on the wrong phlogiston theory and wrote many articles against it. Lavoisier's insights. This is an interesting fact from the history of chemistry. A man who discovered oxygen became an opponent of the oxidation theory. However, Priestley's discovery of oxygen was an important factor in the subsequent flourishing of chemistry. Therefore, chemists from all over the world still respect Priestley.

In 1791, because he sympathized with the French Revolution, he gave several propaganda speeches for the revolution. However, he was persecuted by some people, his home was confiscated, and his books and experimental equipment were burned. He escaped alone and took refuge in London, but it was difficult to stay in London for long. In 1794, at the age of sixty-one, he had to emigrate to the United States. Continue to pursue scientific research in the United States. Died of illness in 1804. People in Britain and the United States respect him very much, and there is a full-length statue of him in Britain. In the United States, the house where he lived has been built as a memorial, and the Priestley Medal named after him has become the highest honor in American chemistry.

6. Marie Curie

Marie Curie (Marie Curie) was a French-Polish physicist and chemist.

In 1906, Pierre Curie died in a car accident. This heavy blow did not make her give up her persistent pursuit. She endured her grief and worked harder to complete their beloved scientific career. She continued the lectures given by her husband at the University of Paris and became the first female professor at the school. In 1910, her famous book "On Radioactivity" was published. With Mu, she collaborated with others to analyze pure metal radium and measure its properties. She also determined the half-lives of oxygen and other elements and published a series of important treatises on radioactivity. In view of the above-mentioned major achievements, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, becoming the first great scientist in history to win the Nobel Prize twice.

The founder of radioactive science, who had experienced the hardships of science, became ill due to years of hard work and suffered from pernicious anemia (leukemia). She unfortunately passed away on July 4, 1934. She contributed greatly to the scientific cause of mankind. , dedicated a glorious life.

7. Biologist Tong Dizhou angrily denounced Pino

When the famous scholar Tong Dizhou was studying abroad, the Russians who lived with him Pino said provocatively: "Mr. Tong, it's so hard. As soon as I saw you, I thought of your country, the sick man of East Asia..." Tong Dizhou stood up and said, "You are not allowed to insult my motherland! You can represent Your country, I will represent my country. From tomorrow on, let’s see who of us gets the degree first!” Pino was speechless. Four years later, Tong Dizhou obtained his doctorate and was praised by the European biological community. He won honor for himself and for his motherland.

8. Tan Kah Kee

The patriotic overseas Chinese Tan Kah Kee traveled across the ocean to do business at the age of 17. After a miserable life, he eventually became a wealthy man in Southeast Asia. In the autumn of 1919, Tan Kah Kee, who was wealthy and returned to his hometown, decided to set up a school in his hometown, and successively opened a primary school, a middle school, and a normal school. In response to the British's difficulties, he firmly stated: "Businesses can close down. Schools must not be suspended." He sold his property and insisted on continuing the school.

Tan Kah Kee actively supported Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary behavior. He once raised more than 200,000 yuan to help regain Fujian. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he provided as much financial and material help as possible. From 1937 to 1940, Mr. Chen raised a total of 3 billion yuan for the Anti-Japanese War.

In terms of personal life, he never spends money frivolously. He is frugal and a vegetarian. On his deathbed, he dedicated his inheritance of more than 3 million yuan to the country.

For decades, Tan Kah Kee has used practical actions to express the patriotism of an overseas Chinese.

Then there are the foreign ones.

1. Watt: In the small town of Greenock, Watt’s hometown, every household lit a fire to boil water for cooking. Who has ever paid attention to such a common thing? Watt paid attention. There is Huai? He is in the kitchen watching his grandmother cooking. There is a pot of boiling water sitting on the stove. The water is boiling. The lid of the pot made a snapping sound and kept jumping up. Watt observed it for a long time and felt very strange. He couldn't figure out the reason, so he asked his grandmother: "What kind of thing makes the lid of the pot jump?"

Grandma replied: "The water is boiling, that's it." "

Watt was not satisfied and asked again: "Why does the water jump when the lid is opened? Is something driving it? "

Maybe my grandmother was too busy to answer him correctly, so she said impatiently: "I don't know." The children asked inquiringly what the meaning of this was. "

Not only did Watt not find the answer from his grandmother, but he was unjustly criticized. He felt very uncomfortable, but he was not discouraged.

For several days in a row, whenever he did During the meal, he squatted next to the stove and observed carefully. At first, the lid of the pot was stable. After a while, the water started to boil and made a splashing sound. The steam in the pot came out and pushed the pot. The lid jumped. Steam kept rising, and the lid kept beating, as if there was a magician inside, doing tricks. Watt was so happy that he almost screamed, and he opened the lid. He closed it, opened it, and verified it again and again. He also covered the cup and spoon where the steam erupted. Watt finally figured out that it was the steam that made the lid jump. The steam was really powerful.

Just when Watt was in high spirits and ecstatic, his grandmother spoke again: "You kid, you don't know what to do, what's the point of having a kettle? Get away!" "She said nonchalantly.

His grandmother was too impatient and subjective. This casual remark almost dampened Watt's self-esteem and enthusiasm for exploring scientific knowledge.

The old man doesn't understand Watt's heart at all. I wonder what a great revelation "water vapor" has to Watt! Isn't the physical phenomenon of water vapor pushing the kettle lid beating the source of Watt's understanding of the invention of the steam engine?

In 1769, Watt changed the steam engine into a single-action engine with greater power. Later, after many studies, he completed the trial production of a new steam engine in 1782. The linkage device changed the single type into rotary motion, and the perfect steam engine was invented successfully.

Due to the invention of the steam engine and the developed coal and iron industry in Britain at that time, Britain became the first in the world to use steam to promote iron production. In the 19th century, maritime transportation reform began, and some countries entered the so-called "steamship era". Since then, ships have traveled on the vast ocean, and coal mines, factories, and trains have followed. The steam engine was used everywhere. Manual labor was liberated and the economy developed. This is certainly the result of the invention of the steam engine. Therefore, Watt is famous in the world. Watt's life was full of hardships and struggles, and the road he traveled was so bumpy. He benefited mankind through hardships and setbacks, and opened up new milestones for mankind. Watt attached great importance to learning and practice. , enriched his wisdom; practice produced fruitful results.

2.

Nobel’s story

(1833-1896)

For a period of time in 1864, near Stockholm, Sweden There is a boat parked there on Lake Mara. The nearby residents are full of fear of the boat, and no one dares to approach it because the explosives king Nobel is conducting experiments on making explosives on the boat.

Why do experiments on a ship? It turns out that research on explosives is a very dangerous job. When Nobel was trialling explosives in the laboratory, a big explosion occurred, killing five people on the spot, including Nobel's brother. His father was also seriously injured. After this disaster, the surrounding residents were very panicked and strongly opposed Nobel's making explosives there. Nobel was not intimidated by the explosion. He moved the equipment to the nearby Mara Lake and put it on the boat. Continue his experiments.

Nobel is a Swede. He has been frail and sick since he was a child, but he is strong-willed and unwilling to lag behind. His father likes chemical experiments and often tells Nobel stories about scientists to encourage him to grow up. Be a useful person. Once, when little Nobel saw his father developing explosives, he opened his round eyes and asked, "Dad, explosives hurt people and are terrible things. Why did you make them?" Dad replied: " Explosives can be used for mining and building roads. They are needed in many places." Nobel nodded in understanding and said, "Then I will also make explosives when I grow up."

In his youth, Nobel was an engineer. As a member, I visited European and American countries for 4 years and gained an in-depth understanding of the industrial development of each country. At that time, many countries urgently required the development of the mining industry and speed up the extraction, but explosives could not meet this need, which was a big problem that urgently needed to be solved. After Nobel learned about this situation, he decided to improve the production of explosives and develop new explosives.

Before Nobel, many people had researched and manufactured explosives, such as Chinese black powder and the Italian invention Nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin has much greater explosive power than black powder, but it is not easy to control, easy to explode on its own, and not easy to explode according to human requirements. It is very dangerous to manufacture, store and transport, and people do not know how to use it. Therefore, in the more than ten years after its invention, people only used it to treat angina pectoris.

Nobel started with the manufacture and research of nitroglycerin. At first, he used black powder to detonate nitroglycerin, and later invented The detonator was detonated and an effective method was achieved to explode nitroglycerin.

After the initial success, there was a huge setback in the laboratory explosion. Nobel had to move the laboratory to the ship. After several twists and turns, he A new factory site was found in a place called Winterwegen, and the world's first nitroglycerin factory was built there.

The road to Nobel research was really full of difficulties and disasters. Difficult. The nitroglycerin he made often exploded: a train in the United States was blown into a pile of scrap metal; a factory in Germany was turned into ruins; a seagoing ship sank and people died.

These tragic accidents caused countries around the world to lose confidence in nitroglycerin, and some countries ordered a ban on the manufacture, storage, and transportation of nitroglycerin. In this difficult situation, Nobel did not lose heart and did not solve the instability problem of nitroglycerin. , he never gave up. After many repeated experiments, he finally invented a way to absorb three parts of nitroglycerin with one part of diatomaceous earth (a very small biological shell called diatom). For the first time An industrial explosive that was safe to transport and use was made. Nobel continued his efforts and took his invention a step further. He invented a highly explosive gelatin--explosion glue using guncotton and nitroglycerine; A small amount of camphor was added to nitroglycerine and explosive glue to make smokeless gunpowder.

After the invention of safety explosives, they were immediately widely used in mining, road construction, etc., and the production of explosives increased significantly. , Nobel's financial resources also rolled in. But Nobel's life was still very frugal. In order to do research, he never even got married. One year before his death, Nobel left a will and used part of his inheritance to establish a scientific research institute. Part of it is used as a reward fund to award prizes in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, literature and peace (an economic prize was added in 1968) to those who have made contributions in the above fields around the world.

People who have made outstanding contributions. People regard winning the Nobel Prize as a great honor in science.

Nobel was very thin when he was a child. When he was ten years old, he went to Beidelburg, Russia with his mother, reunited with his father, and began to receive guidance from his tutor. When he was seventeen years old, he went to the United States to study. Two years later, he returned to China and joined his father's company to engage in research.

Nobel was influenced by his father and was very interested in studying explosives. Later, he made a lot of money by manufacturing explosives and developing oil fields. However, he was very sad to see the explosives he invented used in war, so he worked hard throughout his life to appeal to the world to use gunpowder for peace. Nobel used his huge fortune to establish a fund and issue bonuses every year to people in the world who have made outstanding contributions to physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, literature, and peace. Being able to win the Nobel Prize has always been considered a great honor!

The laboratory was filled with fog, and Nobel was working selflessly. His brother came to him and said: "Nobel , I am sorting out our family's genealogy. You are a world-famous person. How can I do it without your autobiography? "

"Brother, no need."

"What can we do?" Nobel's brother persuaded, "Brother, you are not writing your autobiography for yourself, but for our family! You can write it. Your autobiography is in our family's genealogy. It will add glory!"

Nobel still disagreed, so his brother repeatedly persuaded him, and finally even begged: "Brother, are you afraid of wasting your time? If so, you can Tell me, let me record and sort it out."

"It's really hard for me to obey," Nobel said in a humble but firm tone, "I can't write an autobiography, there are grains of Ganges sand in the whirlpool of the universe. There are so many planets, but we are so insignificant, what is there to write about?”

That’s it! He thinks that everything he does is just a little thing that should be done for mankind. Why should he exchange his small contribution to mankind in exchange for honor. Therefore, he never agreed.

Nobel’s brother had no choice but to sigh and leave. Nobel immersed himself in experiments again.

Nobel’s will is the essence of his ideals and the crystallization of his hard work. Although he was extremely wealthy, he was unwilling to distribute his property to his relatives and friends. He believes that large amounts of property are a scourge that hinders human talents. Those who have wealth should only leave necessary education expenses to their children. If they leave too much money, it will reward laziness and prevent them from developing their own talents. competence.

Therefore, despite the opposition of his relatives and friends, he decided to use all his property to establish a Nobel Prize to reward the contemporary world elite. That's probably all, the original poster should be enough. I hope it helps you!