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Jin Shengtan said: "Forbearance in order to achieve fame has been Shi Gong's lifelong ambition. ."
Han Dynasty
Yang Xiong wrote in the book "Fayan": "Taishi Qian is called Shilu". "Children love more, and they also love wonder." Yang Xiong was the first person to praise Sima Qian's spirit of recording. The actual records and oddities he proposed have been approved by everyone who has experienced them, until now.
Ban Gu was the first person in the Han Dynasty to comment systematically on Sima Qian. There is "Biography of Sima Qian" in "Hanshu". Ban Gu said in his praise: "Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong have written numerous books, all of which are said to have good historical materials. They obey the situation and order things, argue without being flashy, and have quality without being slang. His writing is straightforward, and his facts are focused. It is said that Sima Qian "does not pretend to be beautiful and does not hide evil". It can be said that he is right in his words. Sima Qian's "real record" spirit has become an excellent tradition in Chinese historiography.
Tang Dynasty
Han Yu highly praised Sima Qian's literary talent. He said: "There are no people in the Han Dynasty who are not good at writing, but Sima Xiangru, Tai Shigong, Liu Xiang and Yang Xiongzhi are the best." He believes that the style of Sima Qian's works is "profound, profound, elegant and healthy". "Historical Records" became a sample of Han Yu's composition.
Liu Zongyuan believes that the articles in "Historical Records" are written in a simple, concise, concise and neat manner, without any branching problems; they are completely natural and watertight, and it is impossible to add a word;
Song and Yuan Dynasties
Song people praised Sima Qian. The famous ones are Ma Cun who praised Sima Qian's Grand Tour and Zheng Qiao who praised Sima Qian's five-body structure.
Ma Cun believed that Sima Qian loved to travel throughout his life and would never rest for a day. Sima Qian's grand tour is not an ordinary tour, but a tour of the world to boost his energy, and then write it into a book. Therefore, his articles may be bold and majestic; some may be about the waves of Dongting, deep and reserved; some may be as thick as spring makeup, graceful; some may be like dragons and tigers leaping, thousands of troops and horses. Sima moved to the Longmen of his aristocratic family, remembering the god Yu and accomplished great achievements; he sent Bashu to the west, crossing the bird path of the sword pavilion; he wandered around Qilu to see the legacy of the emperor. Therefore, the changes in all things between heaven and earth, which can shock or shock, amuse the mind, make people worry, or make people sad, are all those that Zi Chang takes as articles, so Zi Chang's articles are endlessly varied.
Zheng Qiao, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, believed that hundreds of schools of thought wrote books with empty words and actual records of past dynasties, without any traces of records. Sima Qian's father and son worked hard on the production of classics from the Yellow Emperor to the Qin and Han Dynasties. They were compiled into a book and divided into five parts: this era chronicles the chronology of the family, which is represented by the official calendar, and the book is divided into similar events, which are passed down to the people. For hundreds of generations, historians cannot change their methods, and scholars cannot change their books. After the Six Classics, there is only this book. It can be seen that Zheng Qiao has a high evaluation of "Historical Records".
Ming and Qing dynasties
Jin Shengtan regarded "Historical Records" as one of the "Six Scholars' Books" and commented on more than 90 prefaces to "Historical Records". In his reviews of "Water Margin" and "The Romance of the West Chamber", he praised Sima Qian many times and expressed many insights. He said: "Forbearance in order to gain fame was Shi Gong's lifelong ambition." In his review of "The Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng," he said that Sima Qian "borrowed his two lives to make me shed a tear." Jin Shengtan can be said to be Sima Qian's close friend. His discussion on the relationship between "Historical Records" and novels is unique. "The method of "Water Margin" comes from "Historical Records". ""Water Margin" comes from one person, and it is clearly a biography." Zhang Zhubo from the Qing Dynasty even bluntly said: ""The Plum in the Golden Ping" is a "Historical Records"." It can be seen that "Water Margin" comes from "Historical Records". "Historical Records" has a wide-ranging influence on the novel writing techniques of later generations.
Qian Qianyi said in "Wuzhai Youxue Ji": "Sima created the "Historical Records" with his talents, unparalleled knowledge, and high regard for thousands of years." He believes that Sima Qian founded Its five-body structure has become a model for historians throughout the ages, and its contribution to setting an example is as bright as the sun and stars!
Zhang Xuecheng said in the famous historical theoretical work "Wen Shi Tong Yi": "Fu Shi Qian's unique knowledge is only one person after "Spring and Autumn"." He believes that the "Historical Records" "scopes through the ages and encompasses hundreds of schools of thought." Sima Qian had great insights and insights, and "Historical Records" had the merit of making extraordinary discoveries and creating precedents. Due to Sima Qian's extraordinary knowledge and writing power, "Historical Records" is a family statement that "the latitude and longitude are between heaven and man", and Zhang Xuecheng is like no one who came after him.
Zhao Yi said in "Twenty-Two Histories": "Sima Qian considered the past and the present, set examples, and created the whole history. This era is used to preface the emperors, the aristocratic families are used to record the princes and states, and the ten tables are used to tie current events. The eight books detailed the system, and the biographies focused on the characters. Then the successes and failures of the monarchs and ministers in politics were summarized in one article. From then on, the history writers of the past dynasties could not go beyond their scope, and they were the best historians. "Sima Qian's five-body structure historical framework became a classic once it was established. Throughout the twenty-four histories, there are no exceptions. Zhao Yi calls it "the ultimate rule of historians", which can be said to be extremely accurate.
Liang Qichao believed that "the great ancestor of history, the most respected Sima Qian", "Tai Shi Gongcheng is also the creator of history". Liang Qichao spoke highly of "Historical Records" and believed that "Historical Records" was actually the founder of the general history of China and a comprehensive and rigorous work. He believed that: the biographies of the Historical Records borrowed people to make the history of the Ming Dynasty; the writing of the Historical Records can bring their faces to life; the narrative of the Historical Records can analyze the order, meticulous and clear. Therefore, he advocated that "all scholars must read" "Historical Records".
Modern
Lu Xun has a special chapter introducing Sima Qian in his book "The History of Chinese Literature".
Lu Xun believed: "The literati of Emperor Wu's time were more prolific than Sima Xiangru, and more literary than Sima Qian." Sima Qian's articles were "not limited to history and law, not limited to words, but were written from emotion and from the heart." Therefore, "Historical Records" can be regarded as "The swan song of historians is the unrhymed "Li Sao"." Lu Xun's evaluation became an immortal saying in the review of "Historical Records".
Mao Zedong said in the article "Serving the People": "People always have to die, but the meaning of death is different. In ancient China, a writer named Sima Qian said: 'Everyone is destined to die, or "Heavier than Mount Tai, or lighter than a feather." To die for the interests of the people is more important than Mount Tai; to die for the fascists and those who exploit and oppress the people is lighter than a feather. "Mao Zedong admired Sima Qian very much. It is believed that "Sima Qian visited Xiaoxiang, panned the West Lake, experienced Kunlun, and visited famous mountains and rivers, and his mind was broadened."
Guo Moruo particularly appreciated Sima Qian's literary talent. He said: "Sima Qian, a master of history, is really worthy of our boast. His "Historical Records" is nothing more than an ancient Chinese epic, or it can be said to be a collection of historical novels." In 1958, Guo Moruo wrote for The inscription inscribed in the Sima Temple contains praises for Sima Qian, such as "his writings are unparalleled among generations" and "his achievements are as good as those of his nun father". It can be seen that Guo Moruo believed that the literary achievement of "Historical Records" was extremely high.
Jian Bozan believes that Sima Qian is the founder of Chinese history, and "Historical Records" is a history centered on society. He said: "Chinese history became an independent knowledge starting from the Western Han Dynasty. The founder of this kind of knowledge was the great historian Sima Qian. "Historical Records" is an immortal monument as the starting point of Chinese history." He also said : "Although "Historical Records" is a biography, it is a history centered on society." Sima Qian "almost paid attention to every stratum, every corner, and every aspect of the society in history, and gave detailed and vivid descriptions of them." Description. So I think "Historical Records" is China's first large-scale social history."
Zheng Zhenduo believes: Since Sima Qian, history has been regarded as the encyclopedia of the times, so the materials Sima Qian collected cover a wide range, from politics to economics, from war to academics, everything is included. The scope of the network is extremely broad. The so-called "literary history" is often included in this all-encompassing "encyclopedia of the times."
Du Pengcheng said in the preface to "History of Hancheng": "Hancheng is known as the hometown of literature and history. It is a famous cultural city with a long history. It is the hometown of the world historical and cultural celebrity Sima Qian. It has always had a relatively developed culture. ... There were many celebrities in this era, among whom Sima Qian, a great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty, was the most famous. His magnificent work "Historical Records" was famous both at home and abroad and had a profound influence."
Shi Zhe said: "In March 1940. On the day after I returned to Yan'an from the Soviet Union, Zhou Enlai took me to see Chairman Mao. After shaking hands with me cordially, he asked me where I was from. I replied that Sima Qian was from the same hometown. I was surprised. I thought, Chairman Mao said: "Oh, I moved to Longmen to farm and herd the mountains and rivers. You and Sima Qian are from the same hometown." I was surprised by this. I thought, Chairman Mao led the people across the country to resist Japan and led the people across the country to stand up and make revolution. , working day and night, taking care of everything, not forgetting to read "Historical Records", and also accurately remembering the birthplace of its author, which is really amazing. ""Sima Qian was upright and straightforward, so the feudal ruling class did not like him. Now is the world of the people, an era in which the working people are the masters of the country. We should publicize his people, his books and his spirit with great fanfare and confidence, return history to its true colors, and give Sima Qian his due historical status. How many people are there in the country who are universally recognized and historical and cultural celebrities like him who have contributed to human history and culture? We should read his books, learn from his people, and carry forward his spirit.
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