1. Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old and his family was poor and helpless. When he was young, he was ambitious and studied hard, and often took the management of state affairs as his due responsibility. Sometimes I feel sleepy when reading at night, so I wash my face with cold water. I often can't even eat rice, so I eat porridge and insist on reading. After he became an official, he often talked about world events and risked his life. So that some people were demoted for saying bad things, and they were demoted to Dengzhou secretariat by participating in government affairs. Fan Zhongyan tempered himself badly, eating little meat, and his wife and children only took care of themselves. He often recites two sentences in his works: "Scholars worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world."

Loneliness: In ancient times, it meant that a child lost his father and was called an orphan. Used here as a verb to become an orphan. Womian: Womian means watering. This refers to washing your face. S: be an official.

Eat it.

Zhé: Just.

Here (jǐ): That's enough, that's enough.

Chen: Mounting.

2. Benevolence is the core of Mencius' political thought.

The theory of "benevolent government" is the inheritance and development of Confucius' thought of "benevolence" Confucius' "benevolence" is an ethical concept with a wide meaning, and its most basic spirit is "love". Mencius started from Confucius' thought of "benevolence" and expanded it into a policy program including ideology, politics, economy and culture, which is "benevolence". The basic spirit of "benevolent government" is to have deep sympathy and love for the people. Mencius' "benevolent government" advocated "people-oriented" politically. Mencius believes that for a country, "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." He also said: if the monarch is wrong, his subjects can persuade him, but if he refuses to listen many times, he can overthrow him. Mencius opposed the annexation war. He believes that war is too cruel and advocates "benevolent government" to unify the world. Economically, Mencius advocated that "people have permanent property", so that farmers can have certain land use rights and reduce taxes. Mencius' theory of "benevolent governance" is based on the theory of "good nature". Mencius said, "Everyone has a hidden heart." He believes that goodness is the unique nature of human beings and the fundamental symbol that distinguishes human beings from animals. He also emphasized the importance of educating people and the influence of objective environment on people. Mencius believed that only by struggling in adversity can people inspire a strong enterprising spirit. People can only live in Judah, and the pursuit of happiness will inevitably lead to extinction. Mencius attached great importance to personality cultivation. He believes that there is something more important in life than life, that is "justice". You can give up your life for "justice", which is what he said, "give up your life for justice." Mencius' thought has far-reaching influence, and his "people-oriented thought" has become the theoretical basis for later reformers and revolutionaries. His personality standard inspired people with lofty ideals in past dynasties to fight bravely for truth and justice without fear of power.

Step 3 explain

1. It means to take it seriously and welcome it. Example: Biography of Wang in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't take worldly happiness seriously. This is not a famous saying. How can you be loyal if you don't take things seriously? " Tang Shunzhi's letter to Governor Hu Molin in the Ming Dynasty (7): "My brother's serious work today and the supervision of generals and ministries all depend on the appointment of the court." Mao Zedong's Speech at the National Conference on Propaganda Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC): "In the rectification movement, on the one hand, we must be serious, and we must seriously criticize and self-criticize mistakes and shortcomings, rather than perfunctory things, and we must correct them." 2. Believe in it; Seriously. Example: Ming Lizhi wrote a book with friends: "The rest of the daily eating and drinking, fine and coarse, full and not full, don't be too serious." Qing Pu Songling's "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio" crow's head: "Sigh:' Today's educated youth building is good, so don't take it too seriously. What did the husband say! "The Strange Situation Witnessed in 20 Years" 9 1: "Madam, why take it seriously? If you are confused, you will be finished once. " 3. indeed; Really. Example: Yuan Kedanqiu's The Story of Chai Jing: "I only hope that he is a good man and depends on him. Who wants my daughter to be seriously distressed? " The fifteenth strange situation witnessed in the past twenty years: "Besides, it is colder in the north than in the south. Are you a serious and good person, and do you take other people's relief to give people favors? " Sha Ting's "Breaking the Pass" I: "Zuo Jia repeatedly asked to go back to the rear. When he returned to the rear seriously, he seemed to leave his relatives to live a guerrilla life behind enemy lines, but he was somewhat nostalgic and reluctant. " 4. Seriously: In fact, what people say has to pass the test of 18 eyes to be serious! original text

Ai Zi travels in the suburbs, and his disciples know him very well. He was so thirsty that he hugged his second son, which made him beg for help in Tian She. An old father appeared in front of six doors reading a book. He held his hand and asked him, "Know this word and feed him your pulp." He held his hand and said, "The word' true' is also there." The father was angry with ④, so he took the child back and told him. Ai Zi said, "If the child hasn't arrived, Tung Zi should go." When the boy saw his father, his father remained the same as before. Tongzi said, "This word is straight eight." Father liked it, and Ai Zi drank it and said, "Cecilia Yip, wise! Seriously, a spoonful of water can't be swallowed. " -Lu Zhuo's "After Ai Zi"

translate

Ai Zi traveled to the suburbs, and his disciples Tongzi and Zhi Zi followed him (Ai Zi). Lanzi felt very thirsty, so he sent his son to the hut to find water to drink. In Tian She, an old man is sitting there, reading a book facing the door. He held his hand and made a gift to explain his purpose. The old man pointed to a word "true" in the book and asked, "If you know this word, I'll give you a drink." Shouzi said, "This is the word' true'." The old man was very angry and refused to give it to him. Your son has to go back and tell Aiko. Ai Zi said, "Your son doesn't meet the requirements. Let Tung Zi go." Tung Tzu met the old man, and the old man asked him as before. Tongzi said, "This is the word' straight' and' eight'." The old man was very happy and took out the best water slurry brewed at home and gave it to him. (Tung Tzu gives the water slurry to the dwarf.) After drinking it, the dwarf thinks it is delicious and says, "Tung Tzu is really smart! If I am as serious as holding a child, I can't drink a spoonful of water! " -Ming Luzhuo's "Sad Son Hou Yu"

The meaning of a word

1. Send. 2. Old father: the old man. 3. feed: send. 4. also: here. 5. begging: begging. 6.english: turn your back. 7. show: show. 8.make: if.

4. Is there a difference between hard and easy things? As long as you do it, the hardest things will become easy. If you don't do it, simple things will become difficult. Is there a difference between learning difficultly and learning easily? As long as you study, difficult things will become easy. How easy and difficult it is if I don't study. My talent is inferior to others. The ability is not as good as others, but I am constantly improving myself every day. When I learned, I knew that the key was not talent and ability. I am naturally intelligent and capable, but I don't try my best, that is, I am no different from ordinary people. Confucius' knowledge was finally handed down by Zeng Shen, who was not very clever. So smart and stupid, is it unchangeable? There are two monks on the border of Sichuan. One of them is poor and the other is rich. The poor monk said to the rich monk, "I want to go to the South China Sea. How about it? " The rich monk said, "What are you going to do?" The poor monk said, "I rely on a water bottle and a rice bowl." The rich monk said, "I have always wanted to rent a boat for several years, but I have never been able to rent it." How can you do that? " The next year, the poor monk came back from the South China Sea and told the rich monk that he was ashamed. Sichuan is thousands of miles away from the South China Sea, so the rich monk couldn't arrive, but the poor monk arrived. Isn't it better to study alone than a poor monk in Kawabe?

5. Gao Fengzi Wentong is also from Nanyang. Little scholar, engaged in farming and acres at home, but specialized in reading, day and night. A wife is always in the field, exposing the wheat to court and making the phoenix protect the chicken. When it was raining heavily, Feng was chanting with a shoulder pole and didn't feel the water flowing. His wife also asked me questions, and Feng realized it. Later, he became a famous Confucian and became a professor at West Tangshan Middle School.

Gao Feng likes reading very much. The peak is literate. When he was a child, he was a student. His family lives by farming, but he is proficient in reading, day and night. My wife once went to the field to dry the wheat in the yard, so that Gao Feng could watch the chicken to prevent eating wheat. At that moment, it suddenly began to rain. Gao Feng was reading a book with a bamboo pole. She didn't realize that the water had washed away the wheat. When his wife came back, she felt very strange and asked him, only when Gao Feng knew that such a thing had happened and the wheat had been washed away. After a while, Gao Feng became a world-famous scholar, so he taught students to read in West Tangshan.

I really forget what to do when I am reading at the peak. Maybe he knows a famous saying: "reading a good book is like talking to many noble people."