The composition occupies half of the Chinese volume, which requires us to be cautious, but the limited time for answering requires us to write quickly. So how to write the opening paragraph on the premise of ensuring the correctness of the examination? We can sum up the initial requirements of an excellent college entrance examination composition as "simplicity", "novelty" and "clarity".
1. Jane-the beginning of an argumentative essay should be concise and concise, and avoid being lengthy and wordy.
Example
For example, the excellent composition "Don't judge by likes and dislikes" in Shandong College Entrance Examination begins:
"People have seven emotions, and they have their own likes and dislikes. However, when this kind of likes and dislikes is mixed with the understanding of truth, what impact will it have?"
The author starts the topic with concise and clear sentences, and arouses readers' thinking about the relationship between "emotional closeness and things cognition" with a hypothesis.
2. New —— Li Yu, a drama theorist in the Qing Dynasty, pointed out in "Casual Sending" that "at the beginning of the book, people should be surprised by strange sentences at first sight and dare not give them up." A novel beginning can often have a voice and fascinating effect.
Example
For example, another Shandong examinee wrote "How can the word" love "be good" at the beginning:
"People have feelings, just as the old saying goes:' If people are not vegetation, who can be ruthless.' Therefore, when we recognize things, we unconsciously attach strong personal feelings. So there is the lingering beauty in the eye of the beholder and the sadness of where petals have been shed like tears. "The author closely follows the word" love "and cleverly embeds famous poems.
3. Ming-the beginning of an argumentative paper should be clear-cut, accurately reveal the core of the material, and avoid ambiguity.
Example
At the beginning of the excellent composition of Zhejiang College Entrance Examination in p>219:
"Life is a work, each of us is a writer who creates life, and those who walk through our lives are our readers. So, how should we treat these readers' voices? I believe that we should' listen to the good and abandon the evil'. "
at the beginning, the author makes clear the theme and shows his point of view.
second, the method of writing the opening paragraph
to write the beginning of an article well, you need to consider the stylistic characteristics first. Argumentative writing is usually to express a unique opinion on something, someone or a phenomenon. "
1. Setting situational method
As the name implies, setting situational method means creating a situation at the beginning of the article, creating an atmosphere, and then subtly leading to the topic. For example, in the essay "Immortality of Youth", the perfect score of Jiangsu college entrance examination in 214, the author set up the situation of looking up at the tree at the beginning, and made a clever transition to the topic of writing, which was fascinating:
I always habitually look up in my leisure time. There is a tree outside the window, so that I can feel its growth trajectory and remember the years. Brilliant June is the youth of the tree. When I got used to its clear veins and the uneven sunshine between leaves, I began to fear autumn. On second thought, my life is not like a tree, life is always there, and youth is immortal! Immediately comfortable.
2. Explaining the concept method
The so-called explanatory concept method is to explain the meaning of related concepts involved in the title or material at the beginning of the article, so as to make the beginning more rational. At the same time, it also helps to show the point of view of the exercise and show the thinking depth of the article. For example, the essay "Labor leads to happiness, and labor leads to wisdom" in the 219 college entrance examination explains the important concept of "labor" at the beginning:
"People's livelihood is diligent, but diligence is not scarce", and labor is the foundation of people's happiness and the cornerstone of national prosperity. The theme of my speech today is "Labor leads to happiness, and labor leads to wisdom", and I urge everyone to love labor and start from me.
3. case introduction method
case introduction method is to quote relevant cases at the beginning and naturally introduce topics.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Life is like a spring, and articles are like a stream. The spring is abundant but not exhausted, and the stream naturally flows without rest." Therefore, in addition to borrowing classic examples from history to introduce topics, we can also look at the present and observe the things around us. Such articles with a sense of the times and realism are more likely to attract readers' attention.
For example, in 28, the author defined "they" as their fathers, and briefly described their deeds, which narrowed the spiritual distance with readers:
The fathers' generation, when they were growing up, encountered natural disasters, went to the countryside when they were studying, and when they returned to the city, they caught up with the compressed household registration, and their children just caught up with the university at their own expense ... But their eyes were still shining, and their waists were still straight.
4. paraphrased material method
Material composition is undoubtedly favored by many teachers, and excellent material composition often needs to contact materials at the beginning, extract ideas from raw materials, and strive to come naturally. Note that when reporting materials, the sentences must be concise, and they should be quickly transferred from narrative to topic, so as to make it clear at the beginning.
For example, the essay "Don't let your feelings get lost", which is a perfect score in Shandong College Entrance Examination, skillfully quotes materials at the beginning, is concise, gets to the point, has a clear point of view, and comes naturally:
My son and his neighbors said the same thing, but the rich people held diametrically opposite attitudes. The rich in fables have many shadows in real life. The balance of right and wrong needs to be manipulated by a rational hand, so don't let the weight of feelings influence your judgment.
In addition, you can also skillfully use metaphor at the beginning to make abstract and abstruse truth simple and vivid, and enhance the image of reasoning; You can also use parallelism to highlight the momentum and reflect the logical level between clauses. In short, there is no definite method in writing, and the methods at the beginning of argumentative writing are equally diverse and rich, which can be chosen according to the theme and writing style of the article.
However, it should be noted that no matter what method is adopted, the beginning of an argumentative paper serves to put forward the central argument, and it must be closely related to the argument, concise and accurate.
PART 2: Ending
1. End-to-end echoing
This method is quite common in composition in examination room. In most cases, the marking teacher will basically carefully review the opening and ending paragraphs of the article. If there is a correlation between them and there is an end-to-end echoing structure, it will often leave a good impression on the marking teacher.
Example
Beginning: At the historical moment of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, every bloody Chinese son and daughter should strive for self-improvement in his post, be brave in taking responsibility, choose a city, and realize the dream of home and country.
Conclusion: Choose a career and forge a city. If you do something, you will be full of enthusiasm. If you want to go, you will take the road of rejuvenation. If you want to be round, you will realize your dream of home and country.
2.
"Deepening the theme and naming the center" has always been the role that the ending paragraph should assume.
the method of "expressing one's ambition through one's personal experience" means that at the end of the article, the above contents are summarized and summarized in a few concise sentences, and then the central idea of the article is deepened on this basis.
Example
Winter will be over, but spring can be expected. When the dawn breaks, the mountains and rivers are safe and the world is safe, you and I will join hands and smile at each other. Look at the crowds, cherry blossoms in full bloom and laughter all over the mountains and rivers.
3. Lyric sublimation
We all know the five expressions of "discussion, narration, lyricism, explanation and description". In the composition of the examination room, some students will choose to end with the method of "lyric sublimation".
Whether expressing one's feelings directly or indirectly, ending with lyricism can arouse the readers' emotions, have strong writing appeal, and more prominently express the central theme of the article.
Example
During the five thousand years, our motherland suffered too many difficulties and obstacles, but in the end, all of them bravely survived. This time, we always firmly believe that no matter how dark dawn of victory is, we will finally usher in the dawn and wait for spring to bloom. Because we are descendants of the Chinese people, because we are descendants of the dragon, we are strong and brave, and everything will pass before us. China is destined to be extraordinary.
4. Famous sayings
When closing the full text, quoting famous sayings to add color to the end of the article can not only increase the persuasiveness of the article, but also make the marking teacher feel the author's literary accomplishment and broad knowledge.
Speaking of this, are there many students secretly saying, "That's what I wrote!
However, Mr. Zhang Zhijun would like to remind everyone that when choosing a famous saying, you must choose one that is consistent with the theme of the article, or you will be digressing!
Example
I have no clothes, and I have the same robe as my son. "If a thousand people are United, they will have the strength of a thousand people. If ten thousand people are disloyal, no one will use it." Before the prevention and control of the epidemic, the whole country showed a high degree of unity of mind, blaming the rumor on the newborn, and teaching it before it happened.
stick to a national chess game, obey the party's command, race against time, fight against diseases, help neighbors and sympathize with each other in times of trouble. If you work together, there is no hurdle to cross, and if you are in the same boat, there is no shore to reach. Spring has come, and when the epidemic disappears, the cherry blossoms in Jiangcheng will bloom again. Invite us to enjoy them, and a better life will come as scheduled, and you and I will smile again.
5. Initiative and guidance
In speeches, proposals, or epistolary compositions, many students will choose to issue a call in an "initiative and guidance" way.
Example
The ending way of "Dear students, as new youths in the new era, we should ..." or "Let's work together ..." usually makes the article progressive and magnificent.
6. abrupt ending
this ending method is not very common in the composition of the examination room at present.
The ending of "abrupt stop", also known as "blank ending", can arouse readers' thinking, stimulate readers' imagination and achieve endless meaning. This method is common in narrative articles.