Liu Daoyi is a Hunan student studying in Japan and a member of the Tongmenghui. In the spring of the 32nd year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1906), he was sent back to the Hunan Secret Liaison Party to launch a revolution. On December 4 of this year, armed uprisings broke out in Pingxiang, Liuyang, and Liling with great momentum. The Qing government was very frightened and mobilized troops from Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Jiangsu provinces to suppress the rebellion. The rebels fought hard for more than a month, and finally failed due to disparity in strength. Liu Daoyi was arrested and sacrificed. He was the first young man studying abroad to devote himself to the revolution. The revolutionaries were all grieved and wrote poems in memory of him. This poem was written by Sun Yat-sen to deeply mourn the fallen martyrs.

Rescue Liu Daoyi

Sun Yat-sen [Modern and Modern]

Half of the three Chu heroes in the southeast, Liu Lang died and dominated the sky.

The remaining sins are very difficult, who can be as generous as this person.

The autumn wind mourns the war horses, and the setting sun in China weeps the mourners.

Whenever I drink Huanglong wine, I sweep across the river to pay my respects.

Translation

Chu's situation in the southeast was the most dangerous, and Liu Daoyi's sacrifice made the original grand plan come to nothing.

The remnants of the rebel army still exist, and the revolutionary cause is still very arduous. Who can be as energetic as him now.

On the border fortress, the autumn wind is bleak, and the war horses neigh; in the dim sunset on the land of China, the wail of swan geese can be heard.

When can we reach Beijing and drink wine to celebrate victory? At that time, wine will be poured into the river to pay homage to your heroic soul.

The first two couplets describe Lietu’s moral character and talents. Precisely because the martyr had both moral integrity and talent, his passing is even more regrettable; the last two couplets describe the struggle situation and the struggle after the sacrifice of martyr Liu Daoyi. Confidence in the victory of the revolutionary cause. The whole poem laments the dead, inspires the living, is a generous elegiac song, and is heroic and majestic.

In the first couplet, "Three Chu heroes are half in the southeast, Liu Lang dies and dominates the sky." Sun Yat-sen first thought of the Sanchu area where Liu Dao launched an armed uprising before his death. Sun Yat-sen said that Hunan and Hubei areas occupy a very important position in the southeastern half of China. Its terrain is difficult and it is of great strategic significance to carry out revolutionary activities. However, due to Liu Lang's death, the grand revolutionary plan came to nothing. The first two lines of the poem not only show a revolutionary's far-sighted vision for the revolutionary cause, but are also full of infinite regret and mourning for the victims. The word "xiong" and the word "empty" are opened and closed, raised and suppressed. They contain rich thoughts and feelings, and every word makes the sound of stone.

The couplet closely follows the first two sentences and expresses his deep tragic pain: "The remaining legacy is very difficult, who can be as generous as this person!" The revolutionary burden left by Liu Daoyi is very arduous. Who can throw their heads and blood as passionately as he does! Mr. Sun Yat-sen highly praised Liu Daoyi's fearless spirit in dedicating himself to the revolution, deeply lamented the rarity of such a passionate man, and at the same time poured out extremely painful condolences for the deceased.

The neck couplet "The autumn wind in the fortress mourns the war horses, and the sunset in China weeps for the mourners." The poet describes a scene of external and internal troubles: war horses in the border areas neigh in the autumn wind, and beacon fires burn brightly in the fortress. Foreign imperialism is watching eagerly, waiting for an opportunity to invade; while the domestic Manchu Qing regime is waning and dying, with political corruption, people displaced, and mourning everywhere. At this moment, it is so necessary for revolutionary will to rise up and save the nation, but at this moment, Comrade Liu Daoyi bid farewell to his comrades, which makes people cry. The writing is smooth and full, and the emotions are endless.

The last couplet breaks away from the sorrow at hand and depicts the prospect of revolutionary victory: "How often do you drink Huanglong wine and sweep the rivers?" Comrade Liu Daoyi, rest in peace! One day, comrades will overthrow the Manchu Qing Dynasty, go straight to Huanglong, and spill wine on the river to pay homage to your heroic spirit!

This poem uses allusions and references in many places, but they are all unique, tasteful and admirable. Sun Yat-sen skillfully borrowed classics and historical events in his poems and turned them into his own, and was able to express profound and profound meanings in a few words. There are three major advantages in using allusions to draw things: first, the ironing is precise and full of sentiment. For example, "Sanchu", "Aihong", etc., there are rich subtexts between the lines, which reflect the superb requirements of "there is a lingering flavor in the article", "there is a lingering meaning in the sentence" and "the spirit is left behind", but they are all appropriate and fresh. It appears mellow and coherent in the overall artistic conception of the poem. The second is to avoid straight lines but to be curved and full of shapes. For example, "Sunset in China" and "Drinking Huanglong Wine" are all good examples of vivid imagery and distinctive forms. Take the "Yellow Dragon" canon as an example, since the story of Yue Fei has long been known to every household, once this canon is used, it immediately reproduces in front of people the image of a team of mighty, disciplined, invincible, and supported by the people, which is bright and refreshing. Suddenly heroic. The third is to boldly counterattack and create new ideas. In the ancient poems, it was common to drink wine near the river, but that was just pouring wine to offer sacrifices to the river, in order to express one's depressive feelings, which often had a depressing tone. But Sun Yat-sen, with his vigorous and heroic posture of "crossing the river", went against the twilight atmosphere of the old classic of "Linjiang Liquor", and further swept away the sad and sad color of many mourning poems in the past. Those who are able to "reverse the meaning of allusions and use them" are not academic experts and transcend ordinary rigid opinions. In short, this poem is full of excitement, majesty, vastness, and high-minded masculinity in Shen Xiong's tragedy. beautiful.