After his grandfather Shangguan Yi was convicted and killed, he was assigned to the inner court as a maid with his mother Zheng. At the age of fourteen, she was highly valued by Wu Zetian because of her cleverness and good writing style. She has been in charge of the imperial palace system for many years and is known as the "female prime minister".
When Tang Zhongzong was named Zhao Rong, she became more powerful and had a prominent position in politics and literature. Since then, she has been in charge of the decrees and proclamations of the imperial court and the foreign court as an imperial concubine. It is suggested to expand the library and add a bachelor's degree. During this period, he presided over Yazheng and commented on the world's poetry circles on behalf of the imperial court.
The Complete Tang Poetry contains 32 poems left by him. In 7 10, Li Longji, the king of Linzi, rose up and launched a political revolution in Tang Long, and was killed at the same time as Wei Hou. Why was Shangguan Waner listed as one of the four talented women in ancient times? What are her strengths?
Lead the style of writing
Shangguan Waner won the trust of Wei and devoted herself to internal affairs. Her grandfather's case was also rehabilitated. Shangguan Yi posthumously awarded the secretariat, the governor and the king of Chu, while Shangguan Tingzhi posthumously awarded the assistant minister of Huangmen, the secretariat and the king of Tianshui.
Since then, Shangguan Waner often persuaded Li Xian to set up a large number of bachelor's degrees in Zhaowen Museum, widely known as the minister of Ci studies in the current dynasty, and hosted banquets for entertainment many times, and wrote poems and sang songs. Every time he replaced Li Xian, Wei Ruyun and Princess Anle at the same time, and made several poems, which were beautiful and were sung by people at that time. For poems written by ministers, Li Xian asked her to evaluate them, and the first one was often awarded to Jin Jue, which was priceless. As a result, both inside and outside the imperial court, poetry and fu became a common practice. Shangguan Waner loves books and has collected more than 10,000 volumes, all of which are aromatherapy. A hundred years later, his books are scattered among the people, still fragrant and moth-free.
Literary contribution
Shangguan Waner inherited and developed her grandfather Shangguan Yi's style of writing in poetry, attached importance to the formal skills of poetry, paid more attention to the beauty of sound and words, and was good at reflecting the delicacy and exquisiteness of things. During the period of Zhongzong, due to the influence of its political status, the poetic style of "Qi Cuo Wan Mei" gradually influenced the creative direction of court poets and even other literati, and "Shangguan Style" also became the mainstream of the upper class.
Wang Mengou recorded in the Textual Research of Poetry Works in the Early Tang Dynasty that "especially after the restoration of Zhongzong, Wan'er was given banquets and poems one after another, all of which were given by the first ministers. It was necessary to weigh whether it was beautiful or not, so the court prevailed."
Shangguan Waner established a literature restoration museum, widely called the ministers of Ci studies in the current dynasty, and vigorously carried out cultural activities. During this period, Wan'er presided over the elegant, contended with the bachelor, wrote poetry competitions, and rewarded the literati for promotion.
Xie Wuliang, a modern literary theorist, said: "Wan'er is a link between the past and the future, arguing with hundred schools of thought for China affairs. The evaluation of Shen and Song's works. At that time, they admired each other and became a custom. Therefore, the success of regular poetry is particularly important for Shangguan grandparents and grandchildren. "
In addition, Shangguan Waner also made many contributions to the development of the theme of landscape poems in Tang Dynasty, such as Princess Changning's Swimming in a Cup and Pool, which broke through the previous form of palace poems about landscapes and was full of emotion but more natural landscape charm.
Lu Chang, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, praised "Zhao Rong's brilliant thinking, fresh writing style and great celebrity style" in Poems of Celebrities in Past Dynasties.
There are 32 poems in the whole Tang Dynasty, which can be divided into three categories according to their contents: lyricism, peace and winning.
Express one's feelings
Color book complaint:
At the beginning of falling leaves, I thought of the rain in Wan Li. The dew is fragrant and cold, and the moon is empty.
I want to play Jiangnan music, and I am greedy for giving books to the north. There is no other meaning in the book, but I have been away from home for a long time.
Daily coping system
Even the most common form of court poetry, that is, daily service and response work, Shangguan Waner devoted her peerless talents with fresh and meaningful style or strong momentum.
Such as its "Wind and Shengzhi, beginning of spring Day, multicolored flowers coming out of the Cape in Shi Yan":
Dense leaves spit because of cutting, and new flowers are relaxing. Although climbing the bar is correct, the pick is empty.
Spring comes from the sun, and autumn is not willing to be sparse. Excuse me, Tao Li, what is chaos?
Shanshui Yin Qing
Some of Wan'er's landscape works are not far from the pastoral school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Such as its thirteenth:
The scepter comes to Xiaxiu, and the frost is dangerous. Pursue the quiet in the mountains, and follow the fans.
Gradually feel relaxed, I see the clouds are low. I don't blame people for saying trees, just to enjoy seclusion. Weighing world
According to legend, when he was about to be born, his mother Zheng dreamed of a giant and gave her a name: "Call this the world." Zheng predicted that there would be a person in his belly who would be called a world-class talent in the future. But he gave birth to a daughter and Zheng was very unhappy.
This Wan'er has a beautiful face, but she is better than her mother. She was smart since she was a child, full moon. Zheng put his hand in his arms and joked, "Can you weigh the world?" Wan'er responded accordingly, and it still does.
As a result, both inside and outside the imperial court, poetry and fu became a common practice. Wei Hou didn't write a poem, but Wan'er grabbed the knife for him. All the civil servants knew that it was not written by the empress, but they had to admit her self-control face to face and especially praised her. Wei Hou then spoiled Wan'er.
Hongmeizhuang
Duan recorded in Youyang Miscellanies: "Today's flowers decorated with women's faces originated in Shangguan and were made to hide people's eyes and ears."
Shangguan Zhao Rong is Shangguan Waner. Duan's son's (or nephew's) section of the road is described in detail in the "Beifu Military Records": "Tian Hou (Wu Zetian) asked (Shangguan Waner) to lie under the skirt and write down what he said. One day, when the Prime Minister was looking at something, Zhao Rong sneaked a look and fell asleep (Tang Gaozong). When he retired from North Korea, he was very angry. He took an armor knife and stuck it in his face. He is not allowed to pull it out. Zhao Rong's poem "Draw a Sword and Beg". After that, it was Hanako who covered up the traces. " This theory comes from Chen Zangqi's Notes on Materia Medica, which is contemporary with Shangguan Waner, so it is more credible. -This is a historical record.
Hosta flower god
Legend has it that Shangguan Waner often likes reading in front of flowers, especially in the summer evening, with the fragrance of Hosta flowers, savoring the wonderful sentences in the book. It is appropriate to take Shangguan Waner as the secretary of Jade Flower God.
Wooden door temple poems
In 684 AD, Shangguan Waner went to Bazhou to visit Li Xian. When she came here, she heard that the prince had been killed. She built a pavilion on the "Sun-drying Stone" where Li Xian had turned over books next to the Wooden Door Temple, which read "From Banan to Jingzhou": "The rice warehouse is green, and the sunset is like tears. Guateng flower cotton melon ebbs and flows, unlike when in the square lane. " Poems on the pavilion, Miss Li Xian.
comprehensive assessment
Wan'er drifted from place to place in the stormy weather and became the "uncrowned king" in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wisdom, aura, talent ... With these magic weapons, Wan'er shuttled between the officials of the DPRK and China and wrote a beautiful and sad chapter in his life.
The merits and demerits of men who are not allowed to grow beards in gifted scholars' poems are quite controversial. Some people praise his literary talent, some criticize his lewdness, some admire him highly, and some despise him. And her 27-year coexistence with Wu Zetian has also made future generations relish. Shangguan Waner is recorded in the official history, such as the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty and the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, but it shows that she flatters the powerful, fornicates the palace and manipulates the negative events of political control. However, scholars of Shangguan Waner's contemporaries, such as Zhang Shuo and Wu Pingyi, spoke highly of him. Since modern times, he has been more and more admired by scholars.
"Reviving Shangguan Shi as an Interpretation System": "Those who are wise and talented, the plain wind exceeds the step and the brilliance is far-reaching."
"Jinglong Pavilion": "Since the day, Jinglong has not been built, and it has been in the palm of your hand. The way of its military strategists is to kill it with a big handle and seek more strategies. " "The most secluded is handsome, Yuxing rhetoric, the state-owned scholar, and all the ministers are learning. For twenty years, the wild has fled, and this power is also."
Old Tang Book: "When Wan'er was pregnant, her mother dreamer left her own scales, and the occupier said," If you have a precious son, you should be called a country. "In view of the birth of a woman, people who hear it will laugh at its invalidity. As the occupier said, Wan'er is responsible for internal affairs."
Preface to the Epitaph of Shangguan Shi, Jieyu at the End of Tang Dynasty: "Jieyu is talented and helpful. Poetry and calligraphy are gardens, taking its essence; Momo is a loom, which constitutes its brilliant beauty. "
Celebrity evaluation
Wang Yu: "Wu succeeded in prison, but he was rejuvenated when he died. I am very lucky. Although you think twice, the whole world knows that you will be defeated. Now that Zhao Rongxin believes it, it will be attached, and it will destroy the nation! "
Zhang Yue said, "Listen quickly, explore the mirror, open the book as before, shake the pen and fly in the clouds, and become isomorphic. In ancient times, there were women's history books, and women's ministers made decisions and made statements. Zhao Rong of the two dynasties was beautiful, and both were counselors, so he should be satisfied. Although Chinese is called Ban Yuan, it has been praised by Zuo Wei, and the writing is different, which has helped her a lot. " ""The only way to teach tenderness is to make friends with strangers, and the elegant voice is flowing to the leaves. Not knowing the truth can help thinking, all wonderful people can help knowledge, and all spiritual souls can support their ambitions. It can breed talents of different people and give you the wisdom of kings. How can it be achieved? "
Zhang Kun said: "Ban Jieyu and Zuo Ai, their extensive knowledge of classics and history and their in-depth study of writing are unparalleled." . "
Lu Wen: "The Han family eulogized the Tang Dynasty, and the works and poems can be endowed with a thousand years. It is naive to say that a person's talent is superior to a person's husband. "
Xu Lu. : "The plan must be a strange English girl."
Yuan Mei: "On the poet's two poems, people are praised as everyone. Up to now, a white literate person is as smart as his daughter. "