1.*** Similarities:
They all emphasize the important role of subject activity in development: Piaget thinks that practice and experience have an important influence on individual development, and Vygotsky thinks that advanced psychological function is the result of continuous internalization of external activities, so they all attach importance to subject activity.
Everyone emphasizes the interaction between subject and environment: Piaget believes that all psychological reactions of human beings are adaptation in the final analysis, and the essence of adaptation lies in achieving the balance between body and environment. Vygotsky believes that internalization is a process in which individuals transform knowledge absorbed in social environment into psychological structure, which shows that they all attach importance to the interaction between subject and external environment.
2. Differences:
First, their views are different: Piaget emphasizes adaptation and natural nature from a biological point of view; Vygotsky from the perspective of historical culture, social culture, historical factors and social nature.
Secondly, they think that the role of education is different: Piaget thinks that the key for education to adapt to development lies in children's independent exploration; Vygotsky believes that education should promote development and teaching should be ahead of development.
Thirdly, they think that adults and their peers have different roles: Piaget thinks that peers with similar thinking levels raise objections to promote cognitive balance; Vygotsky believes that people with higher level of thinking provide information support.
Fourthly, they think that the development track of language is different: Piaget thinks that the development of thinking determines the development of language (from the inside out), and Vygotsky thinks that the development of language determines the development of thinking (from the outside in).
Fifth, they think that the coherence of development is different: Piaget thinks that development has stages, and divides individual cognitive development into four stages, namely, perceptual movement stage, pre-operation stage, concrete operation stage and formal operation stage; Vygotsky believes that development is continuous, and psychological development is a process in which individuals gradually transform their psychology into advanced functions from birth to adulthood under the influence of education and environment.