Mencius said: "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony." The city of three miles, the country of seven miles (2), ring and attack it. If the husband attacks it, he will get the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time. The city is not high, the pool is not deep, the army is unprofitable, and there is not much rice; Committee (5) and go, is the geographical advantage is not as good as people and also. Therefore: territory (6) The people do not take the border, the country does not take the risk of mountains and streams (7), and the world does not take the benefits of military revolution. Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. Not much help, relatives (8); More help, good weather. Take advantage of the world and attack their relatives; Therefore, the gentleman has (9) no war, and the war will win. "
To annotate ...
(1) the right time, the right place and the right people: Gou Wang Ziba said: "A simple but incompetent farmer who can't go to heaven or go to the ground will win the peace of people and will never waste everything." Gou Zi's "good time" refers to farming time, "favorable location" refers to fertile soil, and "harmony between people" refers to division of labor. The "timing" mentioned by Mencius here refers to the timing and climate of fingertip soldiers; "Geographical location" refers to steep mountains and rivers and strong cities. "Human harmony" refers to human will and internal unity. ② Sanli City and Qili Country: the inner city is called "city" and the outer city is called "country". The ratio of inner and outer cities is generally three miles in one city and seven miles in one country. ③ Pool: moat. (4) Soldiers: Weapons refer to offensive weapons such as spears, knives and arrows. Leather: Leather refers to armor. Ancient armor was made of leather and also made of copper and iron. (5) Committee: give up. (6) Domain person: Restricted person. Domain, boundary. (8) Party: Same as "rebellion". (9) Yes: or, or.
translate
Mencius said, "The right time and place are not as good as human harmony, and the right place is not as good as the cooperation of Qi Xin. A small town with an inner wall of three miles and an outer wall of seven miles cannot be attacked on all sides. Since we are besieged on all sides, there is always a good time or place, but we still can't break through. It can be seen that the good time and place are not as good as people. On the other hand, the city wall is not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and armor are not extremely strong, and the food and grass are not insufficient, but they still abandon the city and flee. It can be seen that the favorable terrain is not as good as Qixin cooperation. Therefore, people can't be bound by blocking the border, the country can't be saved by mountains and rivers, and the world can't be achieved by sharp weapons. People with morality get more help, while people without morality get less help. When there are few people to help, even relatives will betray; When the number of people who help is extremely high, all people will obey. To attack those who will betray their loved ones with the power of universal obedience will inevitably defeat the enemy without fighting. "
reading comprehension
The relationship between heaven, earth and people has always been concerned by people. Who is the most important of the three has become a topic of discussion. As we quoted in the notes, Xunzi once discussed the problems of climate, geography, people and harmony from the perspective of agricultural production. But he did not distinguish who is important and who is not, but the three are equally important and indispensable.
Mencius mainly analyzes and discusses the relationship between climate, geography and human harmony from the military aspect, and has a clear-cut banner: "climate is not as good as geography, and geography is not as good as human harmony." Among the three, "harmony between people" is the most important decisive factor, followed by "geographical location" and "weather". This is inseparable from his thought of always attaching importance to people's subjective initiative, and also from his purpose of discussing climate, geography, people and relations, and also from his purpose of discussing climate, geography, people and relations. It is from emphasizing the importance of "harmony between people" that he came to the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao will help more, while those who lose the Tao will help less". This led the problem from military to politics, and actually returned to his "old-fashioned" topic of "benevolent governance".
According to Mencius, the people can't be bound by blocking the border, and the country can't be saved by mountains and rivers. Therefore, there is no way to go abroad. We should reform and open up, strengthen our national strength and let the people live and work in peace and contentment. As long as this is achieved, that is, "those who get the word will help more", and if they help to the extreme, the people of the world will submit. Then there must be what Confucius said-"Then people from all directions will come without children." People from all over the world come to apply for studying abroad, doing business, and even applying for immigration and settlement with their wives and children. Where is the necessity of Frontier of Frontier? I'm afraid I can't get rid of it.
In this way, "those who gain the Tao help more, those who lose it help less" has become a famous saying, so that we still often use it to evaluate international relations and condemn hegemonism. Of course, "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as the harmony between people" is also a famous saying, which is also widely used in business competitions, sports competitions, especially football competitions. This fully shows that its philosophy is rich, profound and broad.
The so-called "people are United, Taishan is the top." Who said that "human harmony" is not the most important wealth?