1. Compositions must learn to accumulate

"Read thousands of volumes, and write like a god", "It is difficult for a clever woman to make a meal without rice." These summaries of the ancients illustrate both the positive and negative aspects of " The importance of “accumulation” in writing. "Rely on accumulation in daily life, and rely on performance in the examination room." This is the common experience of students in the examination room.

(1) In terms of language, a "vocabulary library" must be established. Vocabulary is the cell of the article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to build a "vocabulary": the first is reading. You should read extensively books, newspapers and periodicals, and take notes on your reading. Excerpt some beautiful words, sentences, and passages in a specific book, or make reading cards. The second is life. Usually, you should capture the vivid language in public speaking and write down these words in a small book or card that you carry with you. In this way, over time, you will be able to speak well and write wonderfully in your compositions.

(2) It is necessary to strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Because many students don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they make up or plagiarize every time they write. The way to solve this problem is to accumulate materials. If possible, you can bring a video camera and a tape recorder to observe life in depth, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life, and social life in a timely manner through sketching, diary writing, and observation notes. When recording, you should grasp the details and grasp the characteristics of people, things, objects and scenery. In this way, the articles written will have flesh and blood.

(3) Strengthen ideological accumulation. Point of view is the soul of the article. If the center of the article is not clear or the intention is not profound, it often indicates that the author is shallow in thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two methods: first, think well. "The more you think, the more you gain." You should think deeply at ordinary times, and ask more "why", "what" and "how" when something happens. In this way, we can see the essence through the phenomenon. You should also record the "sparks" of your thinking and the conclusions of your thinking at any time. The second is to compile, that is, to excerpt famous quotes, aphorisms, etc.

In short, we must strengthen the accumulation of compositions and establish three major writing warehouses: "vocabulary library", "material library" and "thought library", and they must be regularly inventoried, sorted and categorized, and they must be continuously enriched and Expansion.

2. To write a good composition, you must first learn to observe

Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of literary youth "how to write a good article": first, read more; It’s about practicing more. “See more” here means observe more. This shows that: to write good articles and master skilled article writing techniques, you must observe more and learn to observe. Observation is the necessary prerequisite and foundation for writing.

Russian novelist Chekhov earnestly warned beginners: "A writer must train himself to become an observer with a keen eye and never give up! - He must train himself to the point where observation becomes a habit, as if It becomes second nature. "Turning observation into a habit and second nature is a skill that takes time to hone. It is very effective and a great skill.

Pay attention to the people, things, scenery, and objects around you to obtain the materials you need for your composition: you should become interested in things that may not seem big but are actually very meaningful, and pay attention to the causes. , process and results; you have to pay attention to how the plants in the campus flower beds change their colors throughout the year, and learn to inquire deeply to understand the ins and outs of these changes; you have to go out into the society, contact more people, and observe their every word and deed. , to think about something and merge them into the long river of your own thoughts at any time. This is the process of observation. During the observation process, you should pay attention to the following points:

(1) Observation should never be limited to "seeing with your eyes". Observation in a broad sense and with more practical significance means mobilizing all the five senses of a person: listening with ears, feeling with body, and more importantly, thinking with heart and brain, so that such observation will be more delicate and profound. .

(2) Pay attention to the good use of "bad pen" during the observation process. As the saying goes: A good memory is worse than a bad writing.

Many students see a lot every day and think a lot, but they are not good at writing it down at any time. This will make the observed material in vain and many valuable things will be wasted.

(3) Pay special attention to perseverance in observation. Don't suffer from "brain fever". Three minutes of heat is not beneficial to writing a good composition. You must observe and think about life throughout every day of your life, so that you can write wonderful articles.

Learning to observe has a huge foundation and impetus for writing good compositions. Without observation, you will often find it difficult to write. I hope you can learn to observe, continuously cultivate and improve your observation skills, and make great progress in your writing practice.

3. If the idea is high, the article will win

The idea is to establish the center and intention of the article. So what issues should we pay attention to when conceiving the article?

(1) The idea must be correct

Correctness is the first importance of the idea of ??an article. The so-called correctness means to ensure that the feelings and thoughts of the article are correct and in line with the nature and laws of objective things. It is in line with my country's basic political principles and people's basic moral requirements, and can provide positive inspiration to people.

(2) Be specific in your intention

“Composition is more important than specificity. Specificity makes skillful, and lack of focus makes people stupid.” No matter how complicated the matter is, the main idea cannot be dispersion. If an article wants to explain this issue and that point of view at the same time, and rambles on, the purpose will inevitably be unclear. In fact, if you want to cover everything, you will definitely miss the point. Moreover, an article can only have one center. Instead of "biting off more than you can chew", it is better to concentrate on expressing one center. Even if you express the center through several things, you must do it. The text should be closely aligned with the center, and the goal should be consistent. Focus on the connection point between the material and the center, so that all the power contained in the material is directed toward the center.

(3) The idea should be novel.

The most taboo thing about an article is to follow what others say. A novel perspective is the core of innovation in composition. Novel ideas require jumping out of the old box, not following conventional thinking, habitual thinking or original mental stereotypes, but using a unique perspective to examine the alternative content contained in the title, avoiding what others often write, and writing What no one else has written. Even the same writing object can always be approached from many angles, as long as we break the stereotypes of thinking, stand at the height of the times, avoid the "conventional" and pursue the "different", think from multiple angles and sides, or associate, expand, or make analogies , or work in the opposite direction, and you can build your most beautiful rainbow in the colorful sky by finding where others haven't.

(4) The intention must be profound.

The profoundness of the idea means that the established theme is not the superficial truth known to everyone, but the essence should be seen through the phenomenon and the deeper meaning should be unearthed.

(5) The idea must be clever

In order to express more profound thoughts within the limited text of the exercise, we can only look at the world from a grain of sand, from the specks and specks of life. To reproduce the whole picture of life one branch at a time, starting from a point, a fragment, a moment, and a phenomenon, describe and reflect on society and life, that is, we should focus on the big picture and write on the small. Although the angle is small, it can See the big in the small, and find the strange in the ordinary.

4. How to write a good article about petitions

How to write a good article about petitions? Please keep the following five points in mind:

(1) Explain the origin

Use one or two sentences at the beginning of the article to introduce the history of the item, which will naturally lead to the following.

(2) Specific description

Accurately outline the appearance of the object through color and shape, and write down the characteristics to give people a distinct feeling. Use appropriate rhetorical techniques to develop reasonable imagination. Giving it emotion makes the object come alive on the page.

(3) Combining movement and static

First write about the static appearance characteristics, and then write about its dynamics. This will add some interest and the articles you write will be more lifelike.

(4) Explanation function

Each item has its unique function. Generally speaking, this type of article should explain the function of the item at the end, so that this will be more prominent. characteristics of the item.

(5) Integrate emotions

The author’s love and cherishment of the items described should be revealed between the lines, which will enhance the appeal of the article.

5. Long story short abbreviation

You must be very moved after reading a good article, right? If you want to tell the story simply to others, use the abbreviated form. This exercise is about abbreviations, and the main content is required to be complete and focused; the language is concise, and the abbreviated text should not exceed 300 words.

Abbreviations are a common form in composition. The so-called abbreviation is to compress a long article into a short article without changing the center or genre, and retaining the main content of the original text. Learning abbreviations can help us better understand the content of the text, cultivate our reading and generalization skills, and then improve our language expression skills. So, how to abbreviate it?

(1) Keep the trunk and remove the branches and leaves. When abbreviating the text, we should delete minor characters, minor events, explanations, explanations, etc., leaving the main content of the text. For example, in the article "Little Scribe", we must first think about: under what circumstances did Leo start to help his father work, why did he do it secretly, how did he do it, and what was the result? Draw down the part that moved you the most . Then write down what happened when he helped his father copy, and delete the irrelevant things such as what he thought when he was misunderstood by his father.

(2) The task language should be directly simplified. In the narrative, we must change direct narrative into indirect narrative and simplify the character's language as much as possible. In this way, the plot is coherent and the sentences are "concise".

(3) Keep the context of the article clear. When abbreviating the text, attention should be paid to keeping the main context of the article clear and complete. In particular, the time, place, characters, causes, processes, results and other elements of the story should be complete so that people can have a general understanding of the original text.

(4) Do not change the original meaning of the text. The most important thing when abbreviating a text is that the original meaning of the text cannot be changed after abbreviation, so that the content remains basically the same as the original text and does not cause ambiguity to readers.

Ending techniques for high school entrance examination essays

If the beginning is compared to "firecrackers", then the end is like "ringing a bell". The ancients said: "A good ending is like chewing dried fruits and tasting fragrant tea, which makes people think about it again and again." Like the beginning, the ending is also very important. Wouldn't it be a pity if an article with a clear theme and a novel angle was disappointed by an unfavorable ending at the end? In addition to serving the content and center of the article, the ending must also be restricted by the "beginning", which makes the ending even more difficult to write. People call the ending of a good article "leopard's tail". From the perspective of high school entrance examination composition, although it is not necessarily required that every article ends with "leopard's tail", it is also required that the ending be concise, vivid, and Just right. Generally speaking, the common mistakes students make at the end of their compositions are: ①

Superfluous. Even though the full text has come to an end, it could have been thought-provoking, but the author is still uneasy and insists on trembling a few words to tell the whereabouts of the characters that do not need to be explained one by one, and to reveal the meaning that could have been understood in one sentence. . ② Shouting slogans in vain. At the end, in order to express one's position and attitude, shouting something that has nothing to do with the content of the article, this kind of ending ruins the theme. ③ Sloppy. The meaning of the ending is clear, but it still refuses to wrap up, which conflicts with the theme of the article.

From this point of view, the ending of the composition for the high school entrance examination is particularly important. How to write a good ending and improve the quality of the composition in the examination room? The following ending techniques

are commonly used in high school entrance examination essays.

1. Natural bandana. No matter what kind of literary style, after expressing the content, the article naturally concludes the whole text without designing profound philosophical sentences or carving out rich symbolic shapes. Such an ending is called The "natural ending".

It completely avoids the end of the article that is superfluous and unnecessary. It appears to be simple, bright, and unpretentious, and is widely used in high school entrance examination compositions. The composition atmosphere in the examination room is tense and the competition is fierce. It is impossible to pay too much attention to what "style" and what "method". As long as you are passionate and express yourself freely, you can write wherever you want, and you can fully express your feelings. However, being "natural" does not mean doing whatever you want, being sloppy, but being smooth. The natural development of literary thought

The trend ends in the overall situation. There are many such examples in the texts I have studied, so I won’t go into details here.

2. Echoing from beginning to end. The ending should echo the beginning, and write a sentence that echoes the beginning without simply repeating it. This ending method is a very common ending method for all kinds of articles. This binding method can arouse the reader's psychological sense of beauty and create a sense of harmony from beginning to end. For example

"A Precious Shirt" begins with "In my home, I treasure a white cool shirt." It ends with: "In the past four years, this shirt has become my favorite.

I keep this precious shirt carefully and never wear it once. "The ending of "Praise to Poplar" echoes the beginning: "I want to praise the poplar tree loudly

"

3. The death chapter shows the will. This ending method is to rely on the content of the full text at the end of the article and use concise language to clearly express the theme

or to explain the writing intention when the full text is about to come to an end. Clear, so this ending method is also called "the finishing touch

style". For example, at the end of "Jujube Core" it is written: "Changing nationality does not mean changing national sentiments, and no nation is as attached to the homeland as we are." "Recording a Spinning Wheel" is written at the end : "Fighting against difficulties brings endless joy. - Remember a spinning wheel."

4. Famous aphorisms. End with famous quotes, police names, and poems, aiming to extend the article and reveal some kind of true meaning of life. It often appears at the end of prose, narratives, and essays. In a few words, it expresses profound and thought-provoking philosophical or warning content, making it deeply imprinted on

In the reader's mind, it has the effect of "the words have been exhausted, but the meaning is endless". "The Pear Blossoms on the Post Road" ends with: "The Pear Blossoms on the Post Road are blooming everywhere."

5. Lyrical argumentative style. Concluding the article with lyrical discussion can express the author's feelings, arouse readers' emotions, and arouse readers' screams, which has a strong artistic appeal. This ending method is mainly used in narrative essays about people and events, and can also be used in expository and argumentative essays. There are many forms of lyrical argumentative endings, so it is more free to end in this way. A good "lyrical argumentative" ending

will inevitably give rise to true feelings, giving readers a sense of reality and sufficient feel. For example, the ending of "Flower Market" reads: "She stood among the flowers with a smile, just like a flower, like a tall and elegant orchid." Another example is the ending of "Remembering My Mother" The two natural paragraphs are the ending of a very typical lyrical argumentative style

.

The composition must be completed in one go, and the ending must be in line with the previous text. The ending of the composition is the same as the beginning. It is different from chapter to chapter, but it also has its own rules. The above ending methods are just some commonly used ending methods. Don't copy them mechanically. Really good endings exist in the candidates' daily solid training, in the candidates' on-the-spot performance, and in the candidates' The "outside of poetry".

Please look at the end of one candidate's essay:

If life no longer has green, and we are still searching for it, why don't we take action to protect green and the environment? Always have green.

Only then will the green sing: "I come quietly, just as you (the desert) walk quietly..." (Anonymous "If Life No longer Has Green")

Comments: Author Natural He thought of green due to the environment, and then started a topic around "if life no longer has green". The beginning of the article highlights the deterioration of the environment and the decrease of green through the comparison of "past", "today" and "tomorrow", which naturally leads to worries. Then, he skillfully used the best lines from Xu Zhimo's "Farewell Cambridge" to elicit thoughts about the lack of green in life, leaving room for imagination. Dear middle school students, there is no fixed method for writing. Which ending method to use depends on the stylistic requirements and your own preferences. You cannot copy dogma. For example, some can be used in argumentative style, some can be used in descriptive style, some can be used in suspense style, some can be used in quotation style, and so on. We also need middle school students to practice more and experience more, and work hard to explore, so as to achieve the effect of drawing inferences from one example. In this way, I believe that the students will be able to write the ending of "It's like ringing a bell, and the lingering sound lingers on the beams".

Transfer training

The ancients said: "A good ending is like chewing dried fruits and tasting fragrant tea, which makes people think about it again and again." Like the beginning, the ending is also very important. Wouldn’t it be a pity if an article with a clear theme and novel angle was disappointed by an unfavorable ending at the end? How to make the ending deep and powerful, with lingering sounds and endless aftertaste is the key for our middle school students to practice ending writing. . Several training questions are provided below for students to learn from.

Fragment training questions:

1. Take "reading" as the topic, draft your own topic, and write an essay.

Writing tips: "Books are nutrition for human beings" and "books are the ladder of human progress", the masters say, books are the crystallization of human wealth, and they are also good teachers and helpful friends for our students. Regarding this broad topic, we students will definitely have something to say. How to speak well, we should also pay attention to the following points: ① The angle should be new and small, write the story of reading a book, and write about the phenomenon of reading. A question will be written profoundly and thoroughly because of its small angle. ② Write your own experiences and feelings, write true feelings, do not write false or empty content, and do not write clichés. ③ Mainly use one way of expression, and avoid inconsistency in style. When conceiving the end of this type of composition, you only need to summarize the full text and highlight the topics at the end of the article. Ending example: Life tells me: Only those who can really read "extracurricular books" are the outstanding heroes of the times! I seem to feel the wind of the times passing by my ears, and it leaves an instruction: Take care of yourself! I am here I also want to advise thousands of peers: read more to think carefully, read carefully to discern clearly! For our better tomorrow! ("I Watch Extracurricular Reading")

2. "Winter Lyrical" 》Writing Tips: An article can express strong feelings, soft feelings, deep feelings, or light feelings. The key is the perspective from which the author writes. This kind of lyrical article. Only when the author's true feelings are injected into the writing can the article have life and vitality. We encourage students to write about real things and express true feelings. Only in this way can the ending naturally add the finishing touch and sublimate emotions. Otherwise, empty expressions at the end will only make people feel like randomly pasted posters, which is very uncoordinated.

Ending example: "Winter is coming, can spring be far behind?" This famous poem has been quoted continuously for decades, and it symbolizes hope. In this transparent winter, people can use a clear mind to recognize the path under their feet and walk step by step. Lying still or taking detours will delay the realization of hopes.

3. Use "window" as the topic, choose your own angle, and write an essay. Except for poetry, the style is not limited and the title is your own.

Writing tips: There must be windows in construction projects. Human eyes are called the windows of the soul... There are too many connotations attached to windows, and there are too many extended meanings worth exploring. As a topic, there are many thoughts that can be elucidated. a lot of. We should choose to write from a familiar angle based on our own feelings. The ending of this type of composition can be a finishing touch.

The ancients compared the ending to ringing a bell, which is to produce an artistic effect of lingering sound. If the ending leaves room for the reader's imagination and is endlessly memorable, it will undoubtedly add luster to the article.

Ending example Not long ago, grandma left, taking away the laughter, the greetings, the window, and my heart. I know that that window is the most beautiful memory in my life... Ah! That old man, that true love, that small window... ("The Small Window at Grandma's House")

Sample Analysis

The Ruthless Back

When I read "The Back" by Zhu Ziqing, I thought of the backs of my parents. But it's not completely different, because Zhu Ziqing's article shows his father's concern for him, while my parents' backs left me with nothing but ruthless regret. When I was 5 years old, I was brought to the court, and my grandmother held me on a chair. I saw my parents, and I called them loudly, but they ignored me. My father and mother argued endlessly in court, and finally I heard that I was sentenced to my mother, so my father left the court. I shouted "Dad——", but the "back figure" left me without looking back. From then on I lived with my mother and grandmother.

But within a few days, my ruthless mother also left me. Grandma wanted to leave me, but she couldn't bear it, so she kept me. So I was like a child without a father and mother, living with my grandma all day long.

During the days when I was with my grandma, I often thought of the scenes when I lived with my parents: my father rode a bicycle, took me to play on the street, and took me to the river to fish; my mother took me to the store. , buy me clothes. When I think of these, my tears can't stop flowing down.

Later, my grandmother sent me to school, and my uncle provided my tuition. When a classmate invited me to attend his birthday celebration, I was extremely envious when I saw other parents giving their children exquisite gifts and asking them to make wishes in front of candles. I have wanted to have a birthday so much. I don’t want the sweet and delicious cake, nor the exquisite gifts. I just want my parents to reconcile and wish me a birthday. But I have been looking forward to it until today, but it has not happened yet.

When I learned from my uncle that my mother had remarried and my father was married, I cried bitterly. Grandma came over and said, "Child, don't cry. They are ruthless and meaningless things. They are not worth your sorrow for them. You should study hard and do a great job and let them see it." At this time, grandma's Tears also flowed down unconsciously.

Dad, Mom, how much I want to have a home, a warm and happy home, how much I want to have the love of my parents, but I can’t get it. Dad, Mom, do you know that your passing has brought me infinite sorrow and resentment, made me suffer the pain of losing a loved one, and made me, a child who has parents but not their love, experience How many ups and downs in the world have I experienced! I once again called from the bottom of my heart: "Dad, Mom, have mercy on me, please remarry..." However, the only answer to me was the waves of echoes, and the feeling that was getting farther and farther away from me. , a back that is getting smaller and smaller in my eyes...

Ending comments: The divorce of parents has brought indelible trauma to the children's hearts. The young author expressed his longing for his parents in the article. , especially the ending is touching and tear-jerking. The sincere call for parents to remarry seems to linger in our ears for a long time. It is unforgettable and leaves people with endless thoughts and endless aftertaste.

The beginning of the composition

[Date: 2005-11-09] Source: Author: [Font: Large, Medium, Small]

The beginning of the composition (Shunde Teaching and Research Office)

Jia Baoyu said something very insightful when commenting on the Grand View Garden: All beauty must "have natural principles and obtain natural interest." In order for millions of candidates across the country to compete in college entrance examination essays to be outstanding, it is inseparable from a "reason" and "interest". "College Entrance Examination" magazine collected and sorted out the excellent compositions of the college entrance examination in recent years and found that there are many remarkable things, but all of them are shining with "wit" and "rational interest".

Just looking at the beginning and end of these articles is enough to make us feel gratified and inspired. We have made some classifications of them for you, maybe you can also learn from them.

1. Be the first to read the opening paragraph

The most taboo thing about the opening paragraph is that it gives people the feeling of going off topic in one stroke. It bluntly tells the marking teacher that the author has not reviewed the meaning of the question, and the composition will be graded poorly. Big discount. Please look at the beginnings of several essays from the 2004 Guangdong College Entrance Examination.

Example 1 "Remembered by Language and Communication": "Look at the flowers blooming and falling, and the clouds rolling and relaxing. The bright sunshine in early spring reveals the breath of summer; the lush green clothing in midsummer indicates autumn. The abundant harvest of golden autumn indicates the desolation of winter. As autumn turns to winter, everything in nature performs wonderfully. How can our human society hope for the early spring if it has not been baptized by the harsh winter? Just like nature, without the connection of language and different ways of life, how can we connect the world as a whole and build a bridge of communication? "This metaphor at the beginning is inappropriate, and the previous metaphors do not have similarities. Lay the groundwork well. Why do you say this? Language and communication are the relationship between premise and result, but where does this relationship exist between "green clothing" and "harvest", "fruit" and "bleakness"? In particular, the rhetorical question "If you have not experienced the baptism of severe winter, how can you hope for the hope of early spring?" is even more inaccessible to the topic.

Example 2 "Soul Interaction": "The big trees never laugh at the weakness of the grass. Although the grass is weak, it adds to the greenness of the grassland; peonies never laugh at the simplicity of wild flowers. Although wild flowers are simple, But it brings infinite vitality to the earth. The reason why big trees and grasses, peonies and wild flowers can live in harmony is because they have the same language, communicate with each other, and have spiritual interaction. " When this beginning moves closer to the topic, it also fails to identify the similarities and seems far-fetched.

Example 3 "Language and Communication": "Language is a grass, communication is a green shade; language is a white cloud, communication is a cloud; language is a flower, communication is a A sea of ??flowers." This beginning treats "language" and "communication" as the relationship between the individual and the whole, without understanding the connection between the two.

The above three examples are all writing methods that use metaphors to break into the topic in order to increase literary talent. This is also the usual writing method of many candidates. If the examinee does not have an accurate grasp of the topic and gets off track at the beginning, his or her score will be seriously affected. The following example illustrates the role of language more accurately and vividly.

Example 4 "Communication starts with language": "Language is a bridge, connecting this shore and the other shore; language is a waterfall, connecting streams and deep pools; language is a rainbow, connecting the sky and the earth. Only language can be accurately understood Only through expression can communication be successful. If the language is wrong, it may cause unpredictable consequences. So how can the language be expressed accurately and the communication be successful? ”

So, is the opening paragraph good? The core issue still lies in reviewing the question; when reviewing the meaning of the question and solving the problem, first seek accuracy and then image. Here are some ways to get started.

1. Quoting famous quotes

① Asking what love is in the world can directly teach you how to make love between life and death. Yuan Haowen is indeed easy to ask and very good at asking questions. His question can be said to be a question for the ages. Over the years, how many people have been lingering on this issue, and how many people have made the final answer in life after paying a huge price. But each family's words are as different as each person's face.

Xi Shi said: "Love is a tool..." ("Asking What Love Is in the World")

②In a church in the Middle Ages, a saint began his Speech: "The reason why I became a saint is because I have seen through money. What's mine belongs to everyone." After a long time, I just waved my fingers. In a prison across the century, a thief began his life monologue: "The reason why I became a thief is because I saw through money, everyone's is mine.

"

("The Saint and the Thief")

③ Rodin, the master of aesthetics, once said: "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of beauty. Discovery is missing. "Today, inspired by this innovative scholar, I want to say: "The answer is universal. For our heads, it is not a lack of thinking, but a lack of perspective. "Many times, we are confused by the incomprehension of a problem or wandering at the intersection of multiple solutions. How to go becomes a puzzle in our hearts. We are often undecided and swayed. At this time, it is necessary to think from another angle. This will Bring you more opportunities for success ("Spinning the Kaleidoscope")

2. Use letter format skillfully

①Dear Grandpa Confucius:

Hello! I am an ordinary descendant of yours, and I dare to write to you after thousands of years, not only to send you my respectful greetings, but also to urgently await your advice on several difficult questions. "A Letter to Confucius")

②Hateful standard answer:

When I saw you, I was really filled with righteous indignation. So, driven by the flame of anger, I wrote. This letter comes to denounce you. The answers are colorful, but you insist on wearing the label of "standard". You know, because of the word "standard", countless tragedies have happened. Here are three of your answers. Major crime:...("A letter to the "Standard Answer"")