1 how to carry out extracurricular reading of Chinese in primary schools
First, create a good reading environment and atmosphere.
As far as the current situation is concerned, the reading of Chinese in primary schools is not optimistic. Many parents and teachers don't attach importance to extracurricular reading of Chinese, thinking that it is enough to learn the knowledge of textbooks well, but it is not. We can see that today's society is developing very rapidly, technology is changing with each passing day, and the demand for talents is getting higher and higher. In the past, we needed specialized talents, but now we need talents with strong comprehensive ability.
Looking at the successful people in today's society, they all love reading and learning. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate students' reading habits, enrich their reading knowledge and cultivate their awareness of lifelong learning. Therefore, children should start to cultivate their reading habits when they are still young. Establishing a good reading environment plays a certain role in stimulating students' reading desire.
In practice teaching, the class can be arranged into a small library, and students are encouraged to take all the books at home to the school to share with other students. This can stimulate students' reading awareness, which not only realizes the self-sufficiency of the library, but also realizes the resource sharing. We should make full use of the walls of the classroom to display famous ancient poems, cultivate students with cultural breath, and infiltrate students' reading hearts with floating philosophy. At the same time, Chinese teachers can also set aside a fixed time every week as a reading class, so that reading can form a fixed course and go deep into students' hearts.
Second, cultivate students' interest in reading and make them like reading.
1, induction. Nowadays, many primary school students don't like reading, not only because they are active and playful, but also because of the function of reading. Therefore, Chinese teachers must take every opportunity to tell students the fun and function of reading by giving examples, so that they can understand what benefits and functions reading can bring them. When they understand, we should also use some countermeasures, such as explaining some idiom stories or Chinese and foreign famous works to them, and stopping abruptly when it comes to the wonderful part, just like we adults listen to storytelling, which is conducive to stimulating students' strong reading desire and stimulating their reading initiative.
2. Teacher China sets an example. As the old saying goes, he is upright and does not command; His body is not straight, although he disobeys. Therefore, the author believes that in the fixed reading time every week, we should set an example and participate in reading with primary school students. Chinese teachers should also read and take notes with students and write their thoughts after reading. This is very useful for cultivating students' reading habits. When they see that the teacher still wants to study, they have no reason not to participate in reading.
3. Wonderful reading. As the saying goes, "water does not excite or jump, and people do not excite or excite." Therefore, in order to make students form the habit of reading, teachers must inspire students through various teaching methods in the process of reading teaching. They should give timely praise and affirmation to some "bright spots" on them and seize the opportunity to praise them. When students get the teacher's affirmation, they will be complacent and will work harder in the future. In addition, some reading competitions can be held in the class to show what students have read, and to stimulate and cultivate students' reading interest in more ways.
Third, teach reading methods and let students learn to read.
1. Summarize the reading methods in reading.
There must be a certain method to read books, not the same. Therefore, in the process of teaching, students must learn to read, and what is helpful to our study must be read and even studied; For some articles that have little to do with the teaching content, you can read them quickly, which is helpful to train students to grasp the key points and central ideas of the articles quickly, so as to quickly capture the author's writing intention in a short time.
2. Cultivate your emotions in reading.
We must pay attention to accumulation in reading. Through accumulation, we can not only learn many useful words and expressions, but also sublimate our emotions. After each reading, we should ask students to write some feelings about reading, or summarize the general meaning of the article in their own words. It is very practical to encourage students to accumulate writing language in reading, which will be very helpful for their future writing. Teachers should encourage students to accumulate good words and sentences in extracurricular language practice, and train students to express the accumulated good words and sentences through certain activities and competitions, thus training students' expressive ability.
Fourthly, cultivate pupils' good reading habits.
There is a good saying, "Teaching is to stop teaching in the future." Chinese teaching in primary schools should take how to promote students' development as the starting point, cultivate students' awareness of lifelong learning, strengthen students' awareness of independent reading, and let students form their own reading habits.
1, creating opportunities for oral expression. As mentioned above, teachers should create opportunities for students, give students an opportunity to speak freely, and let students get more information in communication.
2. "No pen and ink, no reading." Encourage students to read and write more. They can not only criticize and underline books, but also think while reading. After reading, they can express their experiences and views on the content of the article in the form of reading, and urge them to write down their feelings in time to promote understanding and digestion and improve their expressive ability.
2. How to carry out Chinese extracurricular reading in primary schools?
First, stimulate interest and cultivate interest in extracurricular reading
1, create reading conditions.
Actively create reading conditions for students and cultivate students' reading habits in daily school management. We have opened an open reading room for students, which is the place that students are most interested in. Students swim in the sea of knowledge and read all kinds of information, enriching their knowledge and broadening their horizons.
2. Timely praise and encouragement.
Stimulate students' interest in reading. In classroom teaching, when students can express their accumulated knowledge after class, even a word or sentence will be praised and encouraged in time, so that students can feel the joy of harvest. Cultivate students' observation ability, express it in words, praise him as soon as he performs well, let him talk about why he expresses it so well, and then encourage everyone to learn from this classmate, read more books and accumulate more. After being praised, students will be more interested in extracurricular reading, and their enthusiasm and initiative will be stronger, while other students will learn from their own examples.
3. Make good use of textbook resources to improve reading level.
In reading teaching, due to the need to understand textbooks, it is necessary to organically link extracurricular resources when necessary, which will help students deepen their understanding of textbooks. On the one hand, strengthen students' understanding of textbooks and stimulate their interest in nature; On the other hand, guiding students from in-class to out-of-class, from in-book to out-of-book, broadens students' reading horizons.
4. Extensive reading contest.
Pupils have a strong competitive psychology. According to this feature, teachers can use reading competitions to stimulate students' interest in reading extracurricular books.
Second, help to choose and recommend extracurricular reading materials.
Extracurricular reading is an extension of extracurricular Chinese teaching. To do a good job in extracurricular reading, it is very important to choose extracurricular reading materials suitable for students. How to choose suitable extracurricular reading materials can be found in practice in the following two ways:
1, teaching students to choose independently.
The criteria for students to choose extracurricular reading materials can be summarized as three words: interesting, extensive and appropriate. "Fun" is fun. For primary school students, they will be more interested in interesting books. If they are interested, they will put more enthusiasm into these books and turn them into voluntary actions. "Wide" means extensive. In one of his letters, Mr. Lu Xun once told young people that it is not good to read only one person's works. Reading literature books is not good. Like bees, you must pick many flowers to make honey. If you bite in one place, your income is very limited. So teachers should guide students to read widely and accumulate a lot of money. "Fit" is appropriate. Pupils are young, inexperienced and weak in discrimination and immunity. Nowadays, the extracurricular reading materials are mixed, and not all of them are suitable for primary school students. Reading a good book is talking to a noble person. Therefore, it is necessary to guide students to choose books suitable for their age characteristics and beneficial to their physical and mental health, so that students can broaden their knowledge and nourish their hearts at the same time.
2. The teacher recommended reading materials.
Pupils have a strong thirst for knowledge and a strong ability to accept new things, but they lack the ability to distinguish right from wrong. Teachers should carefully help students choose books with healthy thoughts, vivid language and vivid norms according to their age characteristics, ideological status, reading ability and hobbies. At the same time, students' extracurricular reading is not isolated. We should pay attention to cooperate with the teaching of Chinese and other subjects and recommend useful books to students. For example, after learning The Birth of the Monkey King, you can recommend The Journey to the West to students. Studying Three Visits to the Maolu can recommend Romance of the Three Kingdoms to students. Pay attention to guiding students to read more books of different periods, writers, styles and genres, and at the same time pay attention to cultivating students' ability to distinguish right from wrong in reading, so that students can stay away from those vulgar, boring and even unhealthy books and periodicals and really benefit from extracurricular reading.
Third, teach students the necessary reading methods.
Reading method is the way and means to complete reading tasks. Students are interested in reading. Teachers recommend good reading materials to students and also teach students the correct reading methods. Combined with the reading of the text, gradually guide students to learn to read aloud, silently and retell, learn to read intensively, skim and browse, learn to use the library, reading room and network to consult materials, and cultivate students' initial ability to collect and process information. When guiding students to read after class, we should teach them some necessary reading methods according to their age and the characteristics of reading materials, so as to speed up reading and increase the amount of reading information. You can combine intensive reading with extensive reading, and combine your brain with your hands; At the same time, guide students to take reading notes, extract and annotate when reading.
Fourth, strive to cultivate students' good reading habits.
Habit is a highly conscious and automatic behavior. Once a person forms a habit, it will affect his behavior for a long time. Making students develop good reading habits in reading guidance will benefit them for life. Therefore, teachers should gradually cultivate students to develop good reading habits in practical teaching, such as studying hard, using reference books, thinking positively, caring for books and newspapers, using eye hygiene, and not reading without moving pen and ink. Once these reading habits are formed, they will not only play an important role in improving students' reading ability, but also play an important role in their future development.
3. How to carry out Chinese extracurricular reading in primary schools?
First, pay attention to interest cultivation and make students like reading.
Interest is a great motivation to stimulate and promote students' reading. Einstein also said: "Interest is the best teacher." Only when students are interested will they have a positive demand for extracurricular reading from the bottom of their hearts. Especially for those students who are new to reading, we should vigorously stimulate their reading motivation and link reading with fun.
1 to stimulate students' interest in reading.
Teachers can introduce the main contents of reading materials in vivid language to stimulate interest, and also create suspense about the tense, wonderful and touching plot in the story, thus arousing students' curiosity. For example, at the end of last semester, I recommended the little prince to the students. I watched several clips at that time. After reading the last paragraph, the classroom was silent and many children had tears in their eyes. I think that soft moment of injury is deeply imprinted on the child's heart. Our education needs to arouse and restore children's softness. Imagine the students' longing for "Little Fox" and "Little Prince"!
2. Classroom teaching is an important way to cultivate students' extracurricular reading.
Students have a strong interest in the texts they have learned in class, and teachers should make full use of this opportunity to stimulate students' desire to read. For example, after learning the text "Quarrel", I lost no time in recommending the novel "Education of Love" by the author Amicus, which is recognized by all countries as the most caring and instructive reading. After learning the lesson of borrowing an arrow from a straw boat, I recommend the juvenile version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms to students, which can not only stimulate students' interest in reading, but also enable them to better understand the main contents and broaden their horizons.
Second, pay attention to reading guidance and guide students to read good books.
1, select reading materials
Because students are young, curious and have poor discrimination ability, they face all kinds of extracurricular reading materials. Because of curiosity, or because you are handy, you may read some books that are not good for your child's health. Therefore, teachers should not only read widely and recommend books that meet students' age characteristics and cognitive level, but also respect students' right to personalized reading and choose a wide range of topics. Such as fairy tales, popular science works, novels and poems. The specific bibliography includes Andersen's Fairy Tales, Grimm's Fairy Tales, 300 Tang Poems, San Zi Jing, Di Zi Gui, Qian Zi Wen, The First Six Chapters of the Analects of Confucius, Thirty Selected Analects of Confucius and so on. There are a lot of idioms and famous sayings.
2. Reading methods
After students' interest in reading is stimulated, teachers should teach students some effective reading methods. Only when students master these methods and know how to read can reading become a major event in life.
Reading methods include silent reading, light reading, reading aloud, browsing, skimming and intensive reading. Skimming can get a general idea of the main content of the article and capture information quickly. This method is often used in extracurricular reading. For paragraphs that have the value of repeated chewing, you can read them intensively, grasp the structure and use words carefully. For example, the phrase "The Monkey King was Born" in the first part of Journey to the West, "The monkey is in the mountains, but it jumps and eats vegetation ..." makes students understand the difference between first-class works and second-rate works, often only a few words apart. Only by appreciating the language, attaching importance to accumulation and cultivating a sense of language can we adopt reading aloud, which is one of the traditional reading methods in China.
Third, pay attention to reading accumulation and increase students' reading.
In my opinion, the training of reading lies in persistence, and it is difficult to speed up. As long as we skillfully use our spare time and organize interesting forms, every child will read for ten minutes in the morning and afternoon and have a reading class once a week. Sometimes, the Chinese class will take a few minutes, plus the students' spare time at home for six years, and a miracle will happen! At the same time, I also made a reading tracking table, registered the number of words in the bibliography and reading, and read notebooks to urge students to form habits, exchange and show them in class regularly, find typical examples, evaluate excellent ones and expand their influence.
How to carry out Chinese extracurricular reading in primary schools
First, to stimulate students' interest in reading
Hobbies are the driving force for acquiring knowledge. Teachers should first pay attention to cultivating students' interest in reading, use interest as the key to open students' hearts and guide students into the treasure house of knowledge. Pupils are very imitative. According to the characteristics of students' worship of heroes and celebrities, we often tell them stories about celebrities who love reading, and encourage them to love books and learn from them. Consciously introduce some stories of Lao She, Ye Shengtao, Bing Xin and other book lovers to students, so that students can collect famous books. The power of this "celebrity effect" cannot be underestimated. To make students love reading, teachers should first set an example and read more books.
Reading books and ancient poems with students after class is a silent education for students. When reading, teachers' enthusiasm, interest and joy are very attractive to students. In a strong reading atmosphere, students realize that teachers attach importance to reading and consciously carry out reading activities. I often tell my students how I studied when I was a child and what I gained from reading. I share the happiness of reading with my students and give them an absolutely positive revelation: reading is very happy. This is like a good catalyst to stimulate students' strong interest in reading. Once the interest is cultivated, it will not only be immediate, but also accompany the whole life. Encourage students to read more books. In reading class, set up a model at will, when students say some exquisite words or wonderful paragraphs; When students tell some popular science knowledge that other students don't know, teachers should praise it vigorously, thus creating a reading atmosphere among students.
Second, the recommended materials
1, an extracurricular book suitable for students. When students read their favorite books, they will read them with relish, completely immerse themselves in the world of books and share joys and sorrows with the characters in the books. Students will feel dull and unintelligible when they read books they don't like. Therefore, after students' interest in reading is aroused, we should guide them to choose suitable extracurricular books in time so that students can have good books to read. The following points should be considered when recommending extracurricular books: First, it is closely related to students' life. Only by choosing some touching chapters closely related to students' life in time can students be enthusiastic. If an article can make readers devote themselves to it, then the influence of the article on people will be lasting and far-reaching, not only the content may be unforgettable, but also the related language may be unforgettable.
Second, it is closely related to students' spiritual world. Children are naturally fond of fantasy, which determines that they like to read fantasy stories. Fairy tales are imaginative, the characters in the story are fictional, the environment is hypothetical, and the plots and events are not real in life. But fantasy often places children's hopes and ideals and reflects their inner spiritual pursuit. So it has great charm for children. Science fiction is not only imaginative but also scientific. It is a reflection of people's good wishes and has more practical significance than fairy tales. People want to overcome death and long for survival. Immortal immortals and immortal creatures have appeared in fairy tales of past dynasties. However, in science fiction, magical new drugs appeared and new medical equipment was invented. These are what children want, so they like to read science fiction stories. Curiosity is another nature of children. Children are curious about the unknown world and always want to ask "why".
They like reading books about adventure and science fiction, which is driven by curiosity. Therefore, works such as Space Exploration, Astro Boy, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and Robinson Crusoe can arouse their great interest and are worth recommending. Third, the language level of reading materials is slightly higher than that of students. Combined with the activity of "reading the beautiful literature of the ages and being a contemporary gentleman" carried out by our school, students are allowed to extensively dabble in the classic model essays read in past dynasties. Such articles are beautifully worded and can directly reach the students' spiritual world. After reading this article, students' language and spiritual cultivation will be improved. For example, "Famous Sentences by Famous Scholars" and "Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties" should be read by students.
Some famous sentences that have been told through the ages have wide applicability and high frequency of use. Such as: "A threesome, there must be my teacher." "But when you go up a storey still higher, your horizons will be broadened by 300 Li." "Spring can't close the garden, and an apricot will emerge from the wall." "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain." These poems are very close to the spiritual world of students in real life, and are easy to produce * * * sounds. We should choose more articles containing these languages for students to read.
2. Expand reading with Chinese textbooks. Texts in Chinese textbooks often reflect a story with limited words, and this story has a complex background. Without enough background knowledge, it is difficult to understand this article. Therefore, according to the characteristics of teaching content, we should expand reading and increase students' reading.
3. Expand extracurricular reading channels. Today's world has entered the information age, so students should understand that they need to receive a lot of information through various media, and our extracurricular reading can't be limited to books. Besides books in the corner of the class library and magazines subscribed by students, you can also learn to read widely in various ways. Although there are no conditions for reading online, some excellent TV programs are also good channels for acquiring knowledge.
Third, timely method guidance can make independent reading get twice the result with half the effort.
1, extract painting syntax: Ask students to extract painting for ten days, and ask students to extract wonderful words, famous sayings, philosophies, or answers to questions in their notebooks. After picking, write clearly when, in what publication and who is the author.
2. Annotation "criticism" method: students are required to emancipate their minds in reading, not to be superstitious about the author, and to annotate in the margin of the text when they find difficulties or have different opinions, and to express their personal opinions and dare to "criticize" mistakes and negatives.
3. Repeated reading method: Ask students to read some key articles or key chapters and paragraphs repeatedly, so as to achieve eye-to-eye, mouth-to-mouth and heart-to-heart, and cultivate the ability of "real reading".
4. Questioning and asking difficult questions: Being able to ask questions is the harvest of thinking in reading. Teachers should guide students to learn to set doubts everywhere in reading and solve doubts in inquiry. "Some enlightenment, some progress."
5. Combination of reading and writing: The combination of reading and writing here mainly refers to two forms: ① Write an abstract to summarize and abbreviate the contents, main points and basic plots of reading. (2) Write about your experience, your own feelings, gains and evaluations.