1, two classical Chinese
Learn chess from Mencius? Sue ". The story shows that you should concentrate on your studies and not be half-hearted. "The Day of Two Children Debate" is selected from Liezi? Tang asked. The story shows that the two children are observant and reasonable, and Confucius' attitude of seeking truth from facts.
Question 3 after class:
(1) Because of its wisdom, if and? That's not true. A: Is it because his intelligence is inferior to others? Say: it's not like this.
(2) I was very close to people when the sun rose, and I was far away from people when I was in Japan. A: I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out and farther away at noon.
(3) Which is your Zhihu? A: Who said you were knowledgeable?
Step 2 be in a hurry
This article is an essay by Zhu Ziqing, a famous modern writer. This paper focuses on "Hurry" and first writes the characteristics of "Days Gone for Never". Then I wrote more than 8,000 days, which came and went in a hurry, fleeting, and the author had a lot of thoughts, from scenery to people, which was sighing. Finally, the author gives an inner sigh. Expressed the author's helplessness and regret over the passage of time.
Question 2 after class: "Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the sea, my days are dripping in the stream of time, without sound or shadow." A: The author compares his past 8,000 days to a drop of water on the tip of a needle, and compares the flow of time to the sea. How small the diary is, how fast it disappears, how silent it is, without a trace. It shows the author's very helpless sadness.
3. redwood
This is an essay by Lin Qingxuan, a famous writer in Taiwan Province Province. The author compares the growth of saplings to the growth of human beings, and writes a seedling raising method that allows tree growers to "learn to find water in the land by themselves", which shows the significance of enduring the test of life and overcoming dependence in a difficult environment for human growth.
Question 2 after class:
Not only trees, but also people. People who live in uncertainty can stand the test of life and exercise an independent heart.
A: "Uncertainty" refers to some unexpected bumps, twists and turns and hardships in life. "Uncertainty" in life, such as illness, laid-off parents, natural disasters, etc.
(2) People who plant trees will no longer come, and the redwoods will not wither.
Answer: Because tree growers water trees irregularly and quantitatively, it is to make trees adapt to the environment, turn few nutrients into huge energy, learn to find water in the land by themselves, take root deeply and thrive. So people who plant trees will not come again, and the redwoods will not wither.
6. Spring Festival in Beijing
My author, Mr. Lao She, a famous language master, painted a folk picture of the Spring Festival in Beijing for us, showing the warmth and beauty of China's holiday customs and expressing his recognition and love for traditional culture. The article takes time as longitude and human activities as latitude structure. First of all, the author introduces that the Spring Festival in Beijing begins at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month: people cook Laba porridge, soak Laba garlic, buy new year's goods and celebrate the New Year … to make full preparations for the Spring Festival. Then, the three climaxes of the Spring Festival are described in detail: on New Year's Eve, every family lights up all night, firecrackers keep going around the clock, having a family reunion dinner, and observing the New Year; On the first day, men go out to pay New Year's greetings, women receive guests at home, and children visit temple fairs. Look at lanterns, set off firecrackers and eat Yuanxiao. Finally, write the end of the Spring Festival on the 19th of the first month.
10, memories of 16 years ago
Through the memory of Li Dazhao before and after his arrest, it shows the great spirit of revolutionary martyrs being loyal to the revolutionary cause and the noble quality of being firm and unyielding in the face of the enemy, and expresses the author's admiration and deep nostalgia for his father. In addition to the beginning, the article is described in the order before arrest, at the time of arrest, in court and after murder. Before his arrest, he wrote his father's burning documents and books, and worker Yan Zhensan was arrested, reflecting the sinister and dangerous situation; When he was arrested, he wrote about the enemy's guilt, cruelty and his father's calmness; The court described Li Dazhao as calm and calm; After being killed, he wrote down the great grief of the whole family.
Understanding of key sentences:
Father is very kind and never scolds us, let alone hits us. I always like to ask my father a lot of childish and ridiculous questions. No matter how busy he is, he is always interested in my questions and always tells me patiently. This time, I don't know why my father gave me such a vague answer.
A: Because the situation at that time was very serious, it was not the time to have a heart-to-heart talk with children, and things like preventing revolutionary books and documents from falling into enemy hands could not be clearly stated in a few words. What is written here is the unity of Comrade Li Dazhao's kindness to his relatives and his earnest work.
(2) "not often say to you? I can't leave Beijing easily. You need to know what time it is and how important the work here is. How can I leave? "
A: He fully understands the sinister and dangerous situation, but he will never leave his post. This shows his spirit of being highly responsible for the revolution.
We met our father in court. Father still wears his old gray cotton gown, but he doesn't wear glasses. I saw his calm and kind face under his unkempt long hair.
A: It can be seen from this sentence that although my father was tortured by the enemy, he was still calm and kind. "Don't wear glasses" and "unkempt long hair" show that the enemy punished Li Dazhao severely, "Calm" shows that Li Dazhao is still strong after suffering cruel torture, and "kindness" fully reflects Li Dazhao's love for his loved ones.
Question 3 after class: The relationship between the last three paragraphs and the beginning of the text is the beginning and the end. In this way, readers can understand the ins and outs of things more clearly, gain deeper impressions and feelings, and highlight the author's deep memory of his father.
12, serving the people
Speech by President Mao Zedong at the memorial service for Comrade Zhang Side on September 8th. At the beginning of the article, the purpose of China and his Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army was clearly put forward-to serve the people completely and thoroughly; Then, combined with the current reality, this paper expounds how to serve the people comprehensively and thoroughly from three aspects; First, establish the concept of life and death of "dying for the interests of the people is more important than Mount Tai"; Second, treat criticism correctly, adhere to the good and correct the wrong for the benefit of the people; Third, do a good job in unity, overcome difficulties, improve courage, love each other and unite the whole people.
People are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. Solid: Originally. Or: yes. Metaphor means comparison.
Question 3 after class: Because I serve the people, I am not afraid of being criticized for my shortcomings. Whoever it is will point it out to us. As long as you are right, we will correct it. What you say is good for the people, so we will do as you say.
This article has four sentences. The first sentence is that we welcome criticism, the second sentence is that we welcome criticism from anyone, and the third sentence is that we accept criticism from anyone as long as it is correct. The fourth sentence is that the way you say it is good for the people, and we will do it as you do. Sentences are closely related and their meanings are progressive.
14, the little match girl
This is a fairy tale by Danish writer Andersen, telling the story of a little match girl who froze to death in the street on New Year's Eve. At the beginning, the author describes the situation of the little girl: the street is cold and dark, it is snowing, and the little girl is still selling matches in the street. Then, I wrote all kinds of scenes that the little girl saw to warm herself under the light of matches five times-warm stove, delicious roast goose, beautiful Christmas tree and kind grandmother, until she flew away with her grandmother. Finally, the little girl froze to death in the street.
Question 3 after class:
I flew to a place without cold, hunger and pain.
A: This sentence means that the little girl died in a wonderful illusion. Little girl in this world, only cold, only hunger, only pain.
How happy she was, she spent a happy New Year with her grandmother.
A: The former "happiness" means that the little girl spent her life in a beautiful illusion and was very happy before she died. The latter "happiness" means that when a little girl dies, she will be completely happy without cold, hunger and pain.
15, Fanka
This passage reflects the tragic fate of poor children in Russian society under the tsar's rule and exposes the darkness of the social system at that time. This article is described according to the process of writing letters. Began to describe that on Christmas Eve, when the boss, proprietress and the guys went to church, Fanka secretly wrote a letter to grandpa. Then, in the letter, Fanka confided his unbearable miserable apprenticeship to Grandpa, repeatedly begged Grandpa to take him out of here and go back to the countryside, and recalled two scenes of rural life (one was Grandpa's vigil and the other was Christmas); Finally, I wrote a fan card, put the written letter into the mailbox, and saw grandpa reading his letter in a sweet dream. This paper consists of three parts: the author's narrative, the contents of Fanka's letters and Fanka's memories in the writing process. Contrast, contrast and suggestion are adopted in expression.
18, more than a hundred years.
This is an article praising Madame Curie, taking "beauty" as the main line, explaining that Madame Curie's beauty lies not in her appearance, but in her heart and personality. She has made great contributions to mankind and realized her own life value. In flashback, the author first describes the scene of Madame Curie giving an academic report at the French Academy of Sciences, highlighting Madame Curie's beautiful image and great achievements in front of readers. The next two paragraphs describe Madame Curie's painstaking research to explore whether other substances are radioactive or not until radium is discovered, which is the key part of the text and fully shows Madame Curie's firm and persistent scientific spirit of dedication to science. The last two paragraphs describe Madame Curie's attitude and practice in the face of fame and fortune, showing Madame Curie's noble personality of being indifferent to fame and fortune and her selfless spirit of devoting herself wholeheartedly to science. Finally, Einstein's words are quoted to affirm Madame Curie's personality.
The beauty in the title is not only Madame Curie's beautiful appearance, but also her firm and persistent scientific spirit and noble personality indifferent to fame and fortune.
Question 2 after class:
(1) this precious personality and lofty pursuit, make Mary? Madame Curie almost completed this great natural discovery and the discovery of the meaning of life.
A: "This precious personality and lofty pursuit" means that Madame Curie has a "firm, resolute, ambitious and persistent pursuit", "this great discovery" means that Madame Curie discovered the radioactive metal element radium, and "the discovery of the meaning of life" means that Madame Curie understood that the value of life lies not in young beauty, money and reputation, but in making contributions to science and mankind.
(2) She changed from a beautiful little girl, a dignified and determined female scholar, to a new term "radiation" in science textbooks, to a new unit of measurement in physics, to a series of scientific laws, and she became an eternal milestone in the history of science.
A: This sentence adopts the sentence pattern of "from … to …". This "change" is not a general change, but a promotion of life value and a leap in life realm. The four "changes" summed up Madame Curie's struggle life and immortal achievements.
20. "Truth is born after a hundred question marks"
The title of the text is "Truth is born after a hundred question marks", which is also the main point of the text. "Truth is born after a hundred question marks" means that as long as you are good at observing, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems and persistently looking for the source, you can find truth in real life.
Question 2 after class: A: The first example is that Professor Xie Piluo found a problem from the whirlpool of bath water. Through repeated experiments and research, he found that the rotation direction of water vortex is related to the rotation of the earth. The second example is that Boyle, a famous British chemist, accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would make violet petals turn red, and then conducted many experiments and finally invented the acid-base test paper. The third example is an Austrian doctor. Through repeated observation and analysis, he infers a universal law: all sleepers are dreaming when rolling their eyes. Supplementary example: Newton saw the apple fall to the ground and discovered the law of gravity. Luban's mountaineer was cut by a blade of grass and invented the saw.
Question 3 after class:
(1) Put "?"at the end Straighten to "!" , found the truth. A: "?" Is to find problems and keep asking questions; "!" It is through exploration that doubts are solved and the truth is discovered. This sentence expressed an abstract truth in an intuitive and vivid way, which left a deep impression on people.
As long as you know everything, be good at asking questions and keep exploring, you can find the truth after you answer a few question marks. A: "See the micro-knowledge" means that you can find problems from ordinary phenomena. This sentence reiterates the point made at the beginning of the article, and the beginning takes care of each other.
Ten, accumulate over a long period
First unit
1, people are not born to know, who can be confused? Teacher theory
2. Work hard, then decline, and finally run out. Zuo zhuan
3, ups and downs, there is no such thing in the world. Mozi
4. Those who plant trees must cultivate their roots, and those who plant virtues must cultivate their hearts.
5, hold a thousand songs and then recognize the sound, watch a thousand swords and then recognize the device. Wenxindiaolong
Third unit
Song of Prison (Ye Ting)
The doors that people come in and out are locked,
The hole the dog climbed out of was open,
A voice shouted:
Climb out and set you free!
I long for freedom,
But I know very well-
How can a human body crawl out of a dog hole!
I hope that one day,
Underground fire,
Burn me with this living coffin,
I deserve to live forever in fire and blood!
Fourth unit
1, integrity is the basis of morality. -(Egypt) Mehafuz's civilian epic
Tears can't wash away the pain. -(Iceland) laxness's "The Icelandic Clock"
The greatest insight is the simplest. -Golding's Lord of the Flies (UK)
4. People live for their own hopes. -(Soviet Union) sholokhov's Quiet Don River
Trustworthiness is a fortune, and it should not be squandered at will. -One Hundred Years of Solitude by Marquez (Colombia)
6. It is not the hammer that makes pebbles perfect, but the singing and dancing of water. -Tagore's Birds (India)
7. Only brave and calm people can survive in the dark and usher in the light. Asturias's "Corn Man"
8. A person is not born to be defeated. You can destroy him, but you cannot defeat him. -(America) Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea
Fifth unit
Try to be strong and persist in facing difficulties.
Brainstorm, brainstorm, innovate and be unconventional.
Be creative, extrapolate, seek truth from facts and express your opinions.
Don't be ashamed to ask questions, learn from others, strive for perfection, and make the past serve the present.
Eleven, asked to memorize key texts.
Two classical Chinese texts. Lesson 2 "Hurry up". Lesson 65438 "Serving the People". Lesson 18 A Hundred Years of Beauty.
14 ancient poems:
"January Day" Wang Anshi's firecrackers in the Song Dynasty, except for one year old, sent the warmth of spring breeze to Tu Su. The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.
On the night of August 15th, Guizi in Tianzhu Temple, Pi Rixiu Tang Yu got off the moon and met Hua Xin in front of the temple. So far, the sky doesn't exist, but Chang 'e should be thrown to people.
"Seven Steps Poetry" Cao Zhi's Three Kingdoms. Wei cooked beans and used them as soup. Honey burns under the pot, and beans cry in the pot. We are born from the same root, so why rush to speculate with each other?
"Bird Watching Creek" Wang Ren is idle with osmanthus flowers, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
"Lotus Inn and Xin Qiji Parting" Wang Changling Tang Hanyu went to Wu at night to see Fujian loneliness. Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!
"Looking for Flowers Alone by the Riverside" Du Huang's maiden flowers are all kinds of strange, and ten thousand are low. The butterflies in the flowers are dancing, and the soft yinger in freedom is just singing happily.
Ode to Lime carved a deep mountain in Qian Ming, and the fire burned like a fool. I'm not afraid of fractures. I want to leave my innocence in the world.
"Bamboo Stone" Zheng Xieqing insists that the green hills are not relaxed, and the roots are broken. After thousands of tortures and blows, it is still strong, whether it is the southeast wind or the northwest wind in winter, it can bear it and will still be tough and straight.
"The banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army" Du Fu's "Tang Jian" suddenly spread out in northern Hebei. At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
"Jihai Miscellaneous Work" Gong Zizhen cleared up the anger of Kyushu and the sorrow of thousands of troops. I advise God to cheer up and not stick to certain norms to belittle more people.
"Huanxisha" Su Shi visited Qingquan Temple in the Song Dynasty. The temple was near Lanxi, and the stream flowed west. Under the mountain, the blue buds are short immersed in the stream, and the sand road between the pines is clean and mud-free. It rained at dusk. Who says life can't go back to adolescence? The water in front of the door can also flow west! Don't bemoan the passage of old age!
"Operator? Farewell to Bao Haoran, the crown of eastern Zhejiang, is eye-catching, and the mountains gather eyebrows. Where are you going? To the intersection of mountains and rivers. Take the spring water and send you back. If you go to the south, you can catch up with spring, and you must keep the scenery of spring.
"Momei" is the first tree in Wang Mian, Xiyan Lake, my home, with faint ink marks. Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
"Waves on the Sand" Liu Yuxi Tang Jiuqu Yellow River Wan Li sand, waves scouring the wind from the end of the world. Since you are from the sky, and now you seem to fly directly to the Milky Way, please take me to the sky, gather in the Milky Way, and go to the home of Cowherd and Weaver Girl together.