In May p>195, Beijing-Zhangjia Railway General Administration and Engineering Bureau were established, with Chen Zhaochang as the general manager and Zhan Tianyou as the general manager and chief engineer. In 196, Zhan Tianyou was promoted to the general manager and chief engineer. Zhan Tianyou clearly knows the difficulty of this task, and he must first resist the evidence from each side. In his letter to his American teacher, Mrs Northrop, he said, "If the Beijing-Zhangjiakou project fails, it will not only be my misfortune, but also the misfortune of China engineers, and it will also bring great losses to China. Before and after I accepted this task, many foreigners openly declared that China engineers could not undertake the arduous project of stonework and caves on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou line, but I insisted on my project. ". It fully embodies the patriotism and national responsibility of China intellectuals. Zhan Tianyou has surveyed three routes, and it is not advisable to take the second detour too far. The third is today's abundant sand line. Due to the limited funds allocated by the Qing court and the short time, Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt the first route, that is, from Fengtai to Xizhimen, Shahe, Jingnankou, Juyongguan, Badaling, Huailai, Jiming Post and Xuanhua to Zhangjiakou, with a total length of 36 Li. The difficulty of the whole line lies in Guangou, where the mountains are overlapping and the cliffs are very different. The difficulty of the project was not found in the whole country at that time, and it was rare in the world. The slope is extremely steep, and the height difference between Nankou and Badaling is 18 feet. Zhan Tianyou divides the whole line into three sections: Fengtai to Nankou is the first section, Nankou to Kangzhuang is the second section and the rest is the third section. On September 4, 195, construction was officially started, and track laying began on December 12. On the first day of track laying, a coupler chain of an engineering vehicle broke, causing derailment accident. This has become the evidence that China people can't build their own railways, and all kinds of slanders have poured in. However, Zhan Tianyou did not panic, but calmly thought: The slope of this road is extremely high, and the connection performance between cars is slightly unstable, so it is difficult to avoid accidents. To this end, he used the automatic hook method and finally solved this problem. On September 3, 196, the first section of the project was all opened to traffic, and the second section began at the same time. The difficulty lies in the second section. First, four tunnels, namely Juyongguan, Wuguitou, Shifosi and Badaling, must be opened. The longest tunnel is Badaling Tunnel, which is 1,92 meters long. This requires not only accurate calculation and correct command, but also new mountain cutters, ventilators and pumps. The former is not a problem for Zhan Tianyou, while the latter was not available in China at that time, and the difficulty can be imagined only by the hands of workers. They overcame many difficulties and finally completed the second section of the project in September 198. The difficulty of the third section of the project is second only to that of Guangou. The first one is Huailai Bridge, the longest bridge on Jingzhang Road, which is erected by seven 1-foot-long steel beams. Thanks to Zhan Tianyou's correct command, it was completed in time. On April 2, 199, the train went to Xiahuayuan. Although the section from Xiahuayuan to Jimingyi mining area is not long, the project is extremely difficult. On the right is the Yanghe River, and on the left is the rocky mountain. A six-foot-deep passage should be opened on the mountain, and a seven-mile-long riverbed should be padded under the mountain. Zhan Tianyou used the stone that paved the way on the mountain to cushion the riverbed under the mountain. In order to prevent mountain torrents from impacting the subgrade, cement bricks were used to protect it, and the third section was successfully completed. Zhan Tianyou never paid attention to the engineering difficulties, but Zhan Tianyou was extremely worried about the man-made obstacles. There is a man named Guangzhai in Qinghe, a former Taoist priest, a relative of the royal family Zaize, and both the ruling and opposition parties have influence. As soon as the railway passed through its grave, he led the crowd to make trouble, stopped the project, and privately offered heavy bribes to demand diversion. The postal department dared not ask. There is the tomb of Zheng Wang in the north, the tomb of eunuchs in the south, and the tomb of Gui Gong, Nala's father in the west. I wonder how much time and money will be wasted to divert the road. Zhan Tianyou took bribes as a shame, never diverted, and strived to stay or stay. Finally, because the five ministers were bombed when they went abroad, Jae-taek was too scared to talk about foreign affairs, and Guangzhai agreed to pass outside its grave wall because he lost his backer. Nalashi spends tens of millions of dollars every year to build the Summer Palace, but he is unwilling to pay for road construction. The Beijing-Zhangjia Railway relies entirely on the surplus of the internal and external railways, but this money is controlled by the British HSBC. When entering the second phase of the project, HSBC deliberately made things difficult and delayed payment, resulting in delays. Zhan Tianyou is not good at taking photos with Zhan Tianyou (left) and Liang Dunyan (right)
He is more ashamed of pandering to foreigners, so he is extremely angry. Imperialism always wants to seize this road. At the beginning of the project, Japanese Yujiro Yumiya wrote to Yuan Shikai, saying: China people are unable to build this road, so it is safer to hire Japanese technicians. Englishman Jinda also came to intercede for Japan. Zhan Tianyou flatly refused to hire any foreigner on this road. After the Juyongguan tunnel project started, groups of foreigners often came to spy on it in the name of hunting, hoping that the project would fail in order to take advantage of others' danger. Zhan Tianyou made this tone for the people of China with outstanding achievements. After several years' struggle, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was finally opened to traffic in September 199. It was originally planned to be completed in six years, but it was completed in four years ahead of schedule, and the project cost was only one-fifth of the foreigner's estimate. After the completion of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, Zhan Tianyou was awarded an engineering scholar by Xuantong and served as the chief examiner for international students. In 191, he served as the prime minister and engineer of Guangdong Commercial Office Guangdong-Han Railway Corporation, and in 1912, he also served as the office of Han-Guangdong-Sichuan Railway Association, responsible for the construction of Guangdong-Han and Sichuan-Han railways. In the same year, the "Chinese Society of Engineers" was established and was elected as the first president.
Old age
After the founding of the Republic of China, he was appointed by the government as the technical supervisor of the Ministry of Communications in 1913, and was awarded the second-class Baoguang Golden Harvest Chapter in 1914. In 1916, he was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by the University of Hong Kong. At the beginning of 1919, he was appointed to Vladivostok and Harbin as the representative of China of the Far East Railway Conference supervised by the Allies. In April, he returned to Hankou, Hubei Province due to illness. On the way, he boarded the Great Wall with a sigh: "Life has its ups and downs, and my dream of building a road network at the beginning has made me regret it. Fortunately, my life can be turned into a railroad track crawling on the land of China ..." Zhan Tianyou finally died in Hankou at 3: 3 pm on April 24, 1919 at the age of 58. Zhan Tianyou and his wife Tan Juzhen are buried near Qinglongqiao Railway Station on Jingzhang Road. Zhan Tianyou's construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway
Zhangjiakou is the hub of Beijing's access to Inner Mongolia, and the tunnel between the north and the south has always been contested by military strategists. Therefore, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has important economic and political values. When the news came out that the Qing court was going to build the Beijing-Zhangjia Road, Britain, the most influential country in China, was determined to win it. Russia, which regarded the north of the Great Wall as its sphere of influence, vowed not to give in, and the two sides could not stand each other. Finally, an agreement was reached: if the Qing court did not borrow foreign debts and did not need foreign craftsmen, the road would be built by China people, and neither side could reach out. In this way, the Qing government gave up the idea of asking for help from foreigners and devoted itself to self-study. In May 195, Beijing-Zhangjia Railway General Administration and Engineering Bureau were established, with Chen Zhaochang as the general manager and Zhan Tianyou as the general manager and chief engineer. In 196, Zhan Tianyou was promoted to the general manager and chief engineer. Zhan Tianyou clearly knows the difficulty of this task. He must first resist the cynicism from all sides: some people say that he is "overreaching", "just spending a few dollars" and even "daring". In his letter to his American teacher, Mrs Northrop, he said, "If the Beijing-Zhangjiakou project fails, it will not only be my misfortune, but also the misfortune of China engineers, and it will also bring great losses to China. Before and after I accepted this task, many foreigners openly declared that China engineers could not undertake the arduous project of stonework and caves on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou line, but I insisted on my project. ". It fully embodies the patriotism and national responsibility of China intellectuals. Zhan Tianyou has surveyed three routes, and it is not advisable to take the second detour too far. The third is today's abundant sand line. Due to the limited funds allocated by the Qing court and the short time, Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt the first route, that is, from Fengtai to Xizhimen, Shahe, Jingnankou, Juyongguan, Badaling, Huailai, Jiming Post and Xuanhua to Zhangjiakou, with a total length of 36 Li. The difficulty of the whole line lies in Guangou, where the mountains are overlapping and the cliffs are very different. The difficulty of the project was not found in the whole country at that time, and it was rare in the world. The slope is extremely steep, and the height difference between Nankou and Badaling is 18 feet. Zhan Tianyou divides the whole line into three sections: Fengtai to Nankou is the first section, Nankou to Kangzhuang is the second section and the rest is the third section. In August, 195, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway officially started, and the intense exploration and route selection work began. Zhan Tianyou personally led the students and workers, carrying a benchmark and a theodolite, running around the rugged mountains day and night. One evening, the violent northwest wind roared and roared with sand in Badaling area, which made people unable to open their eyes. The survey team rushed to finish its work, filled in the measured figures and climbed down from the rock wall. Zhan Tianyou took the notebook, looked through the figures and asked doubtfully, "Is the data accurate?"? Almost. Zhan Tianyou said seriously: "The first requirement of technology is precision, and it can't be a little vague and rash. Statements like' probably' and' almost' can't come from engineers." Then, he picked up the instrument, braved the wind and sand, climbed to the rock wall again with difficulty, carefully surveyed it again, and corrected an error. When he came down, his lips were blue with cold. Soon, exploration and construction entered the most difficult stage. In Badaling and Qinglong Bridge, there are overlapping mountains and steep walls hanging rocks. Four tunnels will be opened, the longest of which is more than 1,1 meters, which is three times as long as Juyongguan. After accurate measurement and calculation, Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt the sectional construction method: chisel from the north and south ends of the mountain at the same time, and open a large well in the middle of the mountain, and then chisel from the north and south ends in the well. This not only ensures the construction quality, but also speeds up the project progress. When digging a hole, a lot of stones are dug by hand, and the gushing spring water is picked out one by one. As the chief engineer, Zhan Tianyou has no shelf, digging stones and carrying water with workers, and his face is covered with mud and sweat. He also encouraged everyone to say: "The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the first railway that we built with our own people and our own money. The eyes of the whole world are watching us and we must succeed!" "No matter success or failure, it is definitely not our own success or failure, but the success or failure of our country!" In order to shorten the construction period, Zhan Tianyou came up with the "shaft excavation method" and created a herringbone line for the train to climb the mountain. These methods have played a very important role now. Zhan Tianyou and his family formally started construction on September 4th, 195, and began track laying on December 12th. On the first day of track laying, a coupler chain of an engineering vehicle broke, causing derailment accident. This has become the evidence that China people can't build their own railways, and all kinds of slanders have poured in. However, Zhan Tianyou did not panic, but calmly thought: The slope of this road is extremely high, and the connection performance between cars is slightly unstable, so it is difficult to avoid accidents. To this end, he used the automatic hook method and finally solved this problem. On September 3, 196, the first section of the project was all opened to traffic, and the second section began at the same time. The difficulty lies in the second section. First, four tunnels, namely Juyongguan, Wuguitou, Shifosi and Badaling, must be opened. The longest Badaling tunnel is 1,92 meters. This requires not only accurate calculation and correct command, but also new mountain cutters, ventilators and pumps. The former is not a problem for Zhan Tianyou, while the latter was not available in China at that time, only relying on the hands of workers, and its difficulty can be imagined. However, they overcame many difficulties by shaft excavation, and finally completed the second section of the project in September 198. The difficulty of the third section of the project is second only to that of Guangou. The first one is Huailai Bridge, the longest bridge on Jingzhang Road, which is erected by seven 1-foot-long steel beams. Thanks to Zhan Tianyou's correct command, it was completed in time. On April 2, 199, the train went to Xiahuayuan. Although the section from Xiahuayuan to Jimingyi mining area is not long, the project is extremely difficult. On the right is the Yanghe River, and on the left is the rocky mountain. A six-foot-deep passage should be opened on the mountain, and a seven-mile-long riverbed should be padded under the mountain. Zhan Tianyou used the stone that paved the way on the mountain to cushion the riverbed under the mountain. In order to prevent mountain torrents from impacting the subgrade, cement bricks were used to protect it, and the third section was successfully completed. Zhan Tianyou never paid attention to the engineering difficulties, but Zhan Tianyou was extremely worried about the man-made obstacles. There is a man named Guangzhai in Qinghe, a former Taoist priest, a relative of the royal family Zaize, and both the ruling and opposition parties have influence. As soon as the railway passed through its grave, he led the crowd to make trouble, stopped the project, and privately offered heavy bribes to demand diversion. The postal department dared not ask. There is the tomb of Zheng Wang in the north, the tomb of eunuchs in the south, and the tomb of Gui Gong, Nala's father in the west. I wonder how much time and money will be wasted to divert the road. Zhan Tianyou took bribes as a shame, never diverted, and strived to stay or stay. Finally, because the five ministers were bombed when they went abroad, Jae-taek was too scared to talk about foreign affairs, and Guangzhai agreed to pass outside its grave wall because he lost his backer. The completion ceremony of Beijing-Zhangjia Railway was originally scheduled to be completed in six years, and Zhan Tianyou was finally opened to traffic on August 11th, 199, two years ahead of schedule, with a savings of 282, silver. The successful completion of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is a victory for the people of China and a full expression of the patriotic spirit of patriotic intellectuals in China. Imperialism always wants to seize this road. At the beginning of the project, Japanese Yujiro Yumiya wrote to Yuan Shikai, saying: China people are unable to build this road, so it is safer to hire Japanese technicians. Englishman Jinda also came to intercede for Japan. Zhan Tianyou flatly refused to hire any foreigner on this road. After the Juyongguan tunnel project started, groups of foreigners often came to spy on it in the name of hunting, hoping that the project would fail in order to take advantage of others' danger. Zhan Tianyou made this tone for the people of China with outstanding achievements. After the completion of Jingzhang Road, Zhan Tianyou was hired by Guangdong Commercial Guangdong-China Railway Corporation to serve as the company's prime minister in 191, and in May 1912, he also served as the office of the Han-Guangdong-Sichuan Railway Association.
Establishment of the Chinese Engineering Society
After the Revolution of 1911, Zhan Tianyou established the Chinese Engineering Society with his colleagues in order to revitalize the railway industry, and was promoted as the president. During this period, he devoted a lot of efforts to the training of young engineers and technicians. Apart from setting an example by his own behavior, he also encouraged young people to "study hard for invention" and asked them not to "show partiality to others, and not to fish for fame". Take things in good faith, don't take them personally, and take it as an example. "
Representing the China government at the International Conference on Far East Railway
In p>1919, the first European War ended.