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Gu Yanwu

It was Gu Yanwu who proposed that everyone has a responsibility for the rise and fall of the world. This sentence was first put forward in Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu? Zhengshi". The original sentence is: "To protect the country, the king and his ministers are meat-eaters, and to protect the country; to protect the world, how can a humble man be held responsible?" ?

?Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world? From Gu Yanwu: "Rizhilu" Volume 13 "Zhengshi". Original text: ?There is the subjugation of the country, and there is the subjugation of the world. Is there a difference between subjugating the country and subjugating the world? Said: "Changing the surname of Yi is called the subjugation of the country; being full of benevolence and righteousness, and leading the beasts to eat people, and people will eat each other, is called the subjugation of the world." This is why you know how to protect the world, and then you know how to protect your country. To protect the country, the king and his ministers are meat-eating people; to protect the world, how can a humble man be held responsible? ?

Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. This was the social proposition of Gu Yanwu, a famous Confucian in the early Qing Dynasty. This means that the survival of the nation is the responsibility of every citizen. At that time, the Ming Dynasty had perished and was followed by the establishment of the Qing Dynasty. Gu Yanwu believes that "subjugation of a country" refers to the change of dynasty. It is a question of one feudal ruling group replacing another feudal ruling group. "Destroy the world" refers to the destruction of the nation and culture, and is a major issue related to the fate of the entire nation.

"Baoguo" is different from "Baotianxia". "Baoguo" means protecting the old feudal dynasty. ?The king and his ministers are meat-eating people, so ordinary people don't need to care. "Protecting the world" means protecting the nation and its culture, which is everyone's responsibility. This is the famous argument that "the one who protects the world is humble and has no responsibility". Liang Qichao summarized his patriotic thoughts into eight characters: "Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world."