In August, he first used it to observe the moon. I don't want the beautiful silver plate in people's eyes to become a "marijuana face" full of holes in his telescope! So he named those circles with high edges "craters", while those dark areas of flat tubes were called "oceans". More importantly, he knows that the moon is not a stunner created by God, and things in the sky are not necessarily perfect. He thinks that the moon, like the earth, is a world with a field. Perhaps, the mysterious "moonlight clan" may live in those caves. Then Galileo aimed his goal at the brilliant star. Although "that star is still that star" in the telescope, it is obviously brighter and there are many small stars invisible to the naked eye. As a result, he became the first person in the world to see through the mystery of the long galaxy-this is not the "milk road", but the brilliance of countless stars! All this also convinced him that Copernicus's saying that "the stars are extremely far away from us" may be a wise saying, otherwise why can't the telescope enlarge them? Galileo telescope principle
From the end of that year, Galileo's eyes turned to the planet again. On October 7th, 65438/kloc-0, he had seen Jupiter's small yellow round face, which showed that the planet was indeed much closer than the star. At the same time, he immediately found that there are always four smaller spots next to Jupiter, which are almost in a straight line. After several months of tracking, he was convinced that they all go around Jupiter like the moon goes around the earth, and they should be Jupiter's satellites. This shows that not all celestial bodies are orbiting the earth! So it became the first observation basis of Copernicus and Heliocentrism. In order to commemorate Galileo's discovery, later generations also called these four relatively large Jupiter satellites "Galileo satellites". Now we know that except Europa, which is slightly smaller than the moon, the other three are bigger than the moon, and Europa is the apple of astronomers' eye at present, because it has a real ocean of water. There are many indications that Europa is probably the second planet with life in the solar system! Therefore, the pope who brutally interrogated Galileo later lamented that "as long as Jupiter's light shines in the sky, people will not forget Galileo", which became the best evaluation for him. 16 10 In August, Galileo's interest in Venus increased greatly because he saw its crescent shape in the telescope. In order to find out what happened and do further research, but he was afraid of being published first, so he rearranged the sentence of observation results into a set of puzzles (which was also a fashionable way to protect the right of invention at that time). The literal translation of "hace immersion a me iam frustra Leguntur, O.Y." means "in vain, these things have not been harvested by me today." What exactly does this strange 35-letter sentence mean? What did Galileo "harvest"? It is difficult for outsiders to guess the clue. It was not until 65438+February that Galileo announced his answer: "Cynthia Tus Ala Mowlam." -"Mother of God imitates Di Anna's position". Anyone familiar with Greek mythology knows that Venus is the mother of Cupid and Di Anna is the Roman name of luna. Why does Venus change phase like the moon? This only shows that Venus does not revolve around the earth. Only when it revolves around the sun and is closer to the sun than the earth can this strange astronomical phenomenon be explained. In addition, he also found sunspots on the surface of the sun, which proves that the sun itself is spinning ... all this laid the foundation for burying the "geocentric theory". The popular words at that time were: "Columbus discovered the new continent and Galileo discovered the new universe." Galileo's telescope is relatively simple and belongs to refractive telescope. Two lenses are placed at both ends of the tube. Galileo first used it to observe the moon in the autumn of 1609, and then observed Jupiter's moons and sunspots. Later, Galileo wrote his discovery into a 24-page Sidereus Nuncius and made it public, but it was not quickly accepted at that time, because the principle of the telescope was not clear at that time, and Galileo could not explain his scientific research results in detail. Some scholars and church people think that the scene in the telescope is only an illusion in light and shadow, which is caused by the defects of the telescope. 16 1 1 year, the German astronomer Kepler published Astronomical Optics, expounding the principle of the telescope, and the "illusion theory" gradually disappeared. Galileo's discovery has also been confirmed.