1. ''Liu Ziji from Nanyang likes to travel in mountains and rivers

Liu Ziji from Nanyang likes to travel in mountains and rivers. He once went to Hengshan to collect medicine, and went deep into Hengshan and forgot to come out.

I saw a mountain stream on the road. There were two stone gates to the south of the water, one closed and one open. The water was extremely deep and wide. He could not cross to the other side. He wanted to go back but had lost his way. When he met a woodcutter (Liu Ziji), he asked him for directions, but he could only find the way back (that's all). .

Some people say that Shimen is full of fairy prescriptions, efficacious medicines and all kinds of wonderful things. Liu Ziji wanted to look for (that place) again, no longer knowing where it was.

There is a small river in Liling County, Changsha. Two people took a boat to chop firewood. They saw water flowing out in the direction of the river from an earthen cave under the river bank, with newly chopped wood chips in it. The water floated out. There were traces of human activities in the deep mountains. The two people felt strange and discussed with each other: "You can try to go into the water to see why the wood chips floated out."

(After speaking), one of the woodcutters protected himself with a bamboo hat and entered the cave on the river bank. (At the beginning) the cave could only accommodate one person. After walking for dozens of steps, there was a cave in front of him. When it gets brighter, the scene inside is different from the human world.

2. ''Liu Ziji of Nanyang loves to travel in landscapes

Liu Ziji of Nanyang loves to travel in landscapes. He tries to collect medicines and goes to Hengshan Mountain, where he deeply forgets his betrayal. There is only one stream, but there are two in the south of the river. The stone door is closed and opened, and the water is deep and wide, and cannot be crossed. If you want to return, you have lost your way.

No different from the world - from the original text of Tao Yuanming's "Postscript to the Search for the Gods": Nanyang Liu Juozhi, courtesy name Ziji, likes to travel around mountains and rivers. He tried collecting herbs and went to Hengshan Mountain, where he deeply forgot his rebellion.

I saw a stream of water. There were two stone dams in the south of the water, one closed and one open. The water is deep and wide and cannot be crossed.

He wanted to return, but he lost his way. When he met someone who was cutting firewood, he asked for directions, and he had no choice but to return home. Or it may be said that there are fairy prescriptions, elixirs and other miscellaneous things in the chat.

He is eager to search even more, but he no longer knows where to find it. There is a small water in Liling County, Changsha. Two people took a boat to collect firewood. They saw water flowing out of a cave under the bank, freshly cut wood pieces flowing down, and traces of people deep in the mountains, which was strange.

Nai Xiang said: "How can you see if you are in the water?" One person will use a hat to shield himself and enter the hole, so that the hole can accommodate others. After walking a few dozen steps, you will become enlightened and bright, but it is no different from this world.

Translation: Liu Ziji from Nanyang likes to travel around the mountains and rivers. He once went to Hengshan to collect medicine and went deep into Hengshan and forgot to come out. On the road, I saw a mountain stream. There were two stone gates to the south of the water, one closed and the other open.

The water was extremely deep and wide, and he could not cross to the other side. Wanting to return but having lost his way, Liu Ziji met a man cutting wood and asked him for directions, but he could only find the way back.

Some people say that Shimen is full of fairy prescriptions, efficacious medicines and all kinds of wonderful things. Liu Ziji wanted to find that place again, no longer knowing where it was.

There is a small river in Liling County, Changsha. Two people took a boat to chop firewood. They saw water flowing out in the direction of the river from an earthen cave under the river bank, with newly chopped wood chips in it. The water floated out. There were traces of human activities in the deep mountains. The two people felt strange and discussed with each other: "You can try going into the water to see why the wood chips floated out."

One of the woodcutters used a bamboo hat to protect himself and entered the cave on the river bank. The cave could only accommodate one person. After walking for dozens of steps, his eyes became brighter. The scene inside was different from that in the human world. scene.

Extended information: The style of "The Postscript of Sou Shen" is roughly similar to that of "Sou Shen Ji", but most of the content is not seen in "Sou Shen Ji".

The book consists of ten volumes and one hundred and seventeen articles. "The Postscript of Searching for the Gods" is quite distinctive among the books on strange things in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

In terms of content, it is a little about monsters and monsters, but more about gods; in terms of art, it is less about miscellaneous and trivial narratives, and it is a piece of folk tales about local customs. The author endows these mountains and rivers with rich human beauty, so they appear beautiful and moving.

One type is a love story between humans, gods, and ghosts. Famous ones include "Baishui Sunu", "Li Zhongwen Nu", "Xu Xuan Fangnu", etc.

This type of subject matter is written in a colorful way, full of romantic and dreamy meaning, and often ends with a tragedy, making them eye-catching chapters in the book. Another type of story is a story about not being afraid of ghosts. The narrative is witty and humorous, which is another distinctive feature of "The Postscript to the God" that distinguishes it from other ghost novels. 3.

Special sentence patterns in classical Chinese are generally divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, elliptical sentences, inversion sentences, and interrogative sentences. Among them, the more difficult to understand is the conventional word order of inversion sentences in modern Chinese habits, which is generally "Subject-predicate-object" and "definite (adverb)-center word", that is, the subject comes before the predicate, the predicate comes before the object, and the modifier comes before the central word; but sometimes the word order changes due to rhetoric, emphasis, etc.

If we take this conventional word order as the standard, we will find that some classical Chinese sentences have many order reversals. This is the speaking habit of the ancients. This is just like "I go first" in Guangzhou dialect and "I go first" in Mandarin. It has no rhetorical or emphatic meaning.

But in order to facilitate our study, we call it "inverted sentence", which means that the order of some sentence components in classical Chinese is reversed. We call the phenomenon of placing the predicate before the subject "predicate preposition" or "subject-predicate inversion". The phenomenon of placing the object before the predicate verb or preposition is called "object preposition". Putting the attributive after the head word The phenomenon of placing prepositional phrases or adverbials after the central phrase is called "attributive postpositioning" or "adverbial postpositioning".

Edit this paragraph Judgment Sentences Judgment sentences are sentences that make a positive or negative judgment about the nature, situation, and relationship between things. (1) Use "Zhe...ye" to express judgment ①A person who is honest is Zhao Zhiliang.

(Sima Qian's "Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") ② Chen Shengzhe was from Yangcheng. (Sima Qian's "Chen She's Family") ③Teachers, so they preach and learn karma to solve doubts.

(Han Yu's "Shi Shuo") (2) Use "Zhe Ye" at the end of the sentence to express judgment ① Xu Gong in the north of the city is the most beautiful person in Qi State. ("Warring States Policy. Zou Ji Satirizes the King of Qi for Accepting Admonitions") ② I say chrysanthemum, the flower that symbolizes recluse; peony, the flower that symbolizes wealth; lotus, the flower that symbolizes gentleman.

(Zhou Dunyi's "Ai Lian Shuo") (3) The four people who use "Zhe" to express judgment are Luling Xiaojun Guijunyu, Changle King Huishenfu, Yudi Anguopingfu, Anshang Chunfu . (Wang Anshi's "Travel to Baochan Mountain") (4) Use the verb "wei" or the judgment word "is" to express judgment ① Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, so they are worried about future troubles.

(Sima Guang's "Battle of Red Cliff") ② When I ask what time it is now, I don't know if there was a Han Dynasty, regardless of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. (Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring") ③We have been together for twelve years, but I didn't know Mulan was a girl.

(Northern Dynasties folk song "Mulan Poetry") ④ We are both fallen people in the world, so why should we have known each other before meeting. (Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing") (5) Use adverbs such as "that is", "that", "ze", "all", "original", "sincere", "yi", "su" and "bi" to express positive judgments ① "I am a commoner."

"This is the autumn of life and death." (Zhuge Liang's "Chapter 1") ②This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.

(Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower") ③And looks like plain ***. (Sima Qian's "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") ④ Fish is what I want, and bear's paws are also what I want.

(Zhuangzi "Fish I Want") (6) Use "Fei" to express negative judgment ① Zi is not me, how do you know that I don't know the joy of fish? (Zhuangzi's "Autumn Waters") ②The destruction of the Six Kingdoms was not due to unfavorable military forces or bad fighting, but the disadvantage was bribing Qin (Su Xun's "On the Six Kingdoms") ③The city was not too high, the pond was not not deep, and the military revolution was not not strong and profitable. ...(Mencius's "The Tao has many helpers, but the undead have little help") (7) Unmarked judgmental sentences.

Some judgment sentences in classical Chinese do not have any signs, and the judgment is made directly from the noun to the noun.

For example: ① Liu Bei is a great hero in the world. (Sima Guang's "Battle of Red Cliff") ② His sword fell from the boat into the water, and he suddenly contacted the boat and said: "This is where my sword fell."

("Lu Shi Chun Qiu Cha Jin" 》) The underlined sentence is also a judgment sentence. The subject is acted by "is", which is translated as "this"; the predicate is a noun phrase, which is acted by the word structure (the place where...).

The full sentence is translated as: This (is) the place where my sword fell. Note: The "yes" that appears before the predicate in a judgment sentence is generally not a judgment word, but a demonstrative pronoun, serving as the subject of the judgment sentence. However, the "yes" in some judgment sentences does not always indicate judgment. "是" In pre-Qin ancient Chinese, there were few judgment words, but after the Han Dynasty, there were more judgment words.

Edit this paragraph Passive sentence Passive sentence means that the relationship between the subject and the predicate is a passive relationship, that is to say, the subject is the passive or recipient of the behavior represented by the predicate verb, not the active one implementer, implementer. There are two main types of passive sentences: one is a marked passive sentence, which is expressed with the help of some passive verbs; the other is an unmarked passive sentence, which is also called an idea passive sentence.

(1) There are four main types of marked passive sentence patterns in ancient Chinese: (1) Use "yu" to express passive relationships. Use the preposition "Yu" to introduce the active agent of the action. "Yu" is placed after the verb, and its form is: "verb Yu active person".

For example: Wang Jianqin was in Qin. (Qin, meaning "capture") The word "Yu" in the sentence is used after the verb "Qin", which leads to "Qin", the active agent of the action, indicating passivity.

"Yu" can be translated as "being". This kind of passive sentence has two conditions: first, the subject is the passive person, and second, there is the word "yu" in the sentence to express passiveness.

(2) Use "see" to express a passive relationship. Use "See" before the verb or add "Yu" after the verb to introduce the active person.

Its form is: "See verb" or "See verb in active person". For example: ① The city of Qin may not be accessible, but it will only be deceived.

(Sima Qian's "Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") ② The minister was afraid that he would deceive the king and lose Zhao. (I am worried that I will be deceived by you and feel sorry for Zhao Guo) (3) Use "wei" to express a passive relationship.

"Wei" is placed in front of the verb to elicit the active person of the action. Its form is: "for the active person verb" or "for the active person verb". For example: ① If you disobey his words, your ministers will die and your wives will be killed, which will be of no benefit to you.

(If I betray what he said, I will die, and my wife and children will also be killed, which will not be good for you, the king) ② The Thatched House Was Broken by the Autumn Wind (Du Fu's "Song of Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind") ③Wu Guangsu loves people, and most of his soldiers are servants. (Sima Qian's "Chen She's Family") ④ If you don't go quickly now, you may be caught first.

(Sima Guang's "Battle of Red Cliff") 5. With such power, he was robbed by the Qin people's prestige. (Su Xun's "On the Six Kingdoms") ⑥ If not, all of them will be captured.

(Sima Qian's "Hongmen Banquet") (4) Use "shou", "bei" and "shou...yu" to express passive relationships. Its form is: "Be (received) verb" or "Be (received) verb to the active person".

For example: ① If you believe but are doubted, if you are loyal but are slandered, how can you not complain? ("See" also means passive.

4. The translation of "Liu Ziji of Nanyang, likes to travel in mountains and rivers." He forgot to come out. He saw a mountain stream on the road. There were two stone gates on the south side of the water, one closed and one open. The water was extremely deep and the water surface was quite wide. He could not cross to the other side. He wanted to return but had lost the way. When he encountered When he came to the woodcutter (Liu Ziji), he asked the woodcutter for directions, but he could only find the way back. Some people said that the stone gate was full of fairy prescriptions, efficacious medicines and all kinds of wonderful things. Liu Ziji I want to look for (that place) again, but I no longer know where it is. There is a small river in Liling County, Changsha. Two people took a boat to chop firewood. They saw water flowing along the river in an earthen cave under the river bank. It flowed out in the direction, and there were newly cut wood chips floating out with the water. There were traces of human activities in the deep mountains. The two people felt strange and discussed with each other: "You can try to go into the water to see why there are these wood chips." "Floated out." (After saying this), one of the woodcutters protected himself with a bamboo hat and entered the cave on the river bank. (At the beginning) the cave could only accommodate one person. After walking for dozens of steps, his eyes became brighter. , the scene inside is different from the world. 5. Sentence reading of 3 ancient texts 1. "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" Taiyuanzhong of Jin Dynasty, a native of Wuling, fishing as a profession, fate

1. "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" A native of Wuling, Taiyuanzhong of Jin Dynasty, a fisherman Fishing is my occupation, and I am bound by the stream. I forget the distance of the road, and suddenly I encounter a peach blossom forest. The bank is hundreds of steps away. There are no trees in the middle, the grass is delicious, and the fallen flowers are colorful. The fisherman is very different. Going forward again, I want to run out of forest. When the forest is exhausted, I will find a mountain. There is a small mouth on the mountain, as if there is light. I leave the boat and enter through the mouth. At first, it is extremely narrow, and only then can I pass through the mouth. ; After walking for dozens of steps, it suddenly became clear. The land was flat, and the houses looked just like they were. There were fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry and bamboo trees, streets and traffic, and chickens and dogs hearing about each other. Among them, people came and went to plant crops, and men and women were dressed in clothes. He was like an outsider; he had yellow hair and a long tail, and he was enjoying himself. When he saw the fisherman, he was shocked. He asked where he had come from, and he answered him. Then he wanted to return home, where he set up wine and killed chickens for food. In the village / Hearing about this person, Xian came / to inquire. Ziyun / His ancestors escaped from the chaos of the Qin Dynasty, and led / his wife’s people / to come to this desperate situation, and never came back. Then / separated themselves from outsiders. I asked / what time is it now, but / I don’t know. Han, regardless of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, this person / one by one / sighed / after hearing what he said. The rest of the people / went to their homes again, and all went out / drank and ate. They stopped / for a few days and resigned. One of the people said: " It's not enough for outsiders." After he got out and got the boat, he helped him to the road, aiming at everything. When he went to the county, he met the prefect and said so. The prefect sent people to follow him and find where he was going. Ambition was lost and no longer found the way. Nanyang Liu Ziji, a noble scholar, heard about it and happily went there. However, the search failed, and he died of illness. After that, no one cared about it. 2. "Inscription on the Humble Room" The mountain is not high, there are Immortals are named; if the water is not deep, dragons are spiritual. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks/upper steps are green, and the grass color/is green in the curtains. There are talking and laughing/there are scholars, and there is no white hair. It can be/adjusted. Play the Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There is no confusion of silk and bamboo, and there is no labor of writing. Nanyang/Zhugelu, Xishu/Ziyunting. Confucius said: "How shameful/is there?" 3. "Ai Lian Shuo" The flowers of land and water are so lovely that they are very beautiful. Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty loves chrysanthemums only. Since Li and Tang Dynasties, the world has loved peonies. I love lotus flowers only when they come out of the mud but are not stained, and wash the ripples without being evil. It is straight from the middle to the outside, with no vines or branches, and the fragrance is clear from a distance. It is planted quietly in pavilions and can be viewed from a distance/but not played with. I call chrysanthemum, a flower that is reclusive; peony, a flower that is rich and noble; lotus, a flower. He is also a gentleman. Hey! The love of chrysanthemums is rarely heard of after Tao; the love of lotus, no one can give it to anyone; the love of peony is suitable for everyone.