Improving the efficiency of classroom teaching is the eternal theme of classroom teaching. How to lay a good foundation, cultivate ability, enjoy emotions and improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching in limited 45 minutes, combined with my own teaching practice, I think we should start from the following aspects:

First, accurately grasp the history curriculum standards and the three-dimensional goals of each class, and prepare lessons carefully.

Effective teaching is a process in which teachers influence students through teachers' regular teaching behavior in order to achieve the expected teaching goals, so as to promote students to obtain satisfactory learning results and learn to learn. In particular, it refers to the teaching process in which teachers make students get the best learning effect through various teaching activities. In short, effective teaching is teaching that conforms to the teaching rules, is effective, effective and efficient, and can promote students' development. Effective history teaching is a teaching activity that teachers follow the basic laws of individual development and history teaching activities, promote students' continuous progress and development in the "three-dimensional goal" of knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values, and meet the educational value needs of society and individuals.

History examination is closely related to curriculum standards. To improve the teaching effect, we must accurately grasp the history curriculum standards. The curriculum standards of history are different from those of other disciplines. Very specific. The content standard specifies the content standard of each lesson in six books: Ancient History of China, Modern History of China, Ancient History of the World and Modern History of the World. There are 44 study topics, which are distributed in each book and have 37 units. Therefore, we must refer to the content standard of the curriculum standard before the lecture, so that the teaching can be targeted.

There is more than one standard for the new curriculum. Around a curriculum standard, we use multiple versions of history textbooks, including Beijing Normal University Edition and People's Education Edition. No matter which version of the textbook, you should be familiar with the content of the textbook and do well:

(1) content analysis of teaching materials, and understand the structure of current teaching materials.

(2) Understand the relationship between the teaching content of class hours and before and after class and its position in the whole textbook.

(3) Understand the internal relations of each sub-item in the teaching content of this lesson, and make clear the requirements of curriculum standards and three-dimensional objectives of each lesson, so as to know what students should master in this lesson. Teaching objectives are the direct basis for judging whether history classroom teaching is effective or not. Accurate and comprehensive understanding of the true meaning of teaching objectives is the fundamental guarantee to improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching. "Knowledge and skills" is the main thread in the three-dimensional goal, which runs through the whole teaching process. It is not only the fundamental guarantee for students' development, but also a solid cornerstone for students to form correct emotions, attitudes and values. "Knowledge and skill" is based on "process and method". The education of emotion, attitude and values is based on "knowledge and skills" and "process and method".

Lesson preparation should be based on the content standard of curriculum standard, and the design of teaching activities should fully implement the "three-dimensional goal". Teachers should also change their roles, consider textbooks from the perspective of students, read textbooks from the perspective of a student, analyze textbooks, check textbooks and analyze students' thirst for knowledge;

(1) Understand the overall learning situation of the students in the classes taught;

(2) Understand the knowledge related to this lesson that students have mastered;

(3) Understand students' psychological differences in age, thinking and emotion, so that preparing lessons conforms to students' physical and mental development.

Second, create teaching situations to let students know what to learn.

Writing an article needs a good beginning called "limelight", and so does classroom teaching. It is necessary to create a novel, vivid, beautiful, happy and natural teaching situation to stimulate students' interest in learning and strike a chord in their thinking. The general principle is to pay attention to inspiration, knowledge, flexibility and interest. Let students engage in learning activities with the best excitement, which is the need to do a good job in successful lead-in teaching.

A successful lead-in can immediately attract students' attention and stimulate their interest, just like the curtain is slowly opened, so that students can see the beautiful scenery at a glance, or as a prelude to the movement, so that students are strongly infected from the beginning, thus laying a good foundation for the success of the whole class. First of all, we should grasp the design principle of introducing art into history classroom. The introduction of history class should be scientific and skillful, so as to achieve the effect in practical teaching application and make the introduction artistic. Therefore, when designing classroom lead-in, we should pay attention to certain principles. The design principles of introducing art into history classes in middle schools mainly include the following four points:

(1) The principle of being close to life and improving students' interest in learning history.

(2) The length of the imported content should be moderate and appropriate.

(3) Looking for the principle of language breakthrough from the new curriculum content standard. The content standard of the new curriculum is the core of this course, the key and difficult point of this course, and also an important starting point for the proposition of college entrance examination. While teaching the course, it is of great help to improve students' learning efficiency if we can infiltrate the strengthening of the test center, and the general suggestion of this import method is to give priority to review import.

(4) The principle is to help students accumulate historical learning materials and clarify the learning context. History learning is a process from perceiving history to accumulating historical knowledge, and from accumulating historical knowledge to understanding history. So history class should not be for history class. While helping students understand the context of historical development, we should also strengthen the influence of history education on students. Although this educational influence can run through the whole classroom in the teaching process, if we can give a phonetic effect in the classroom introduction and lay the tone for the whole classroom, we can get twice the result with half the effort. There are many ways to import teaching: questions, examples, discussions and charts.

(1) Pay attention to the transition between old and new knowledge. Review old knowledge and introduce new lessons. It is convenient for students to consolidate what they have learned, organically link old knowledge with logic, and carry out teaching step by step. Usually by asking questions, practicing, telling, reading, etc. On the basis of "reviewing the past and learning the new", students are encouraged to think positively and stimulate their interest in exploring the mystery of the problem. When I was teaching the autocratic rule of Ming and Qing empires, I introduced it this way: China is a vast country with a history of 5,000 years of civilization. In the feudal society of more than 2,000 years, emperors of all dynasties took various measures to consolidate their rule. Qin Shihuang carried out the county system, Han Wudi issued imperial edicts to advocate preferential treatment, and Emperor Taizong improved the imperial examination system, attached importance to talents, and was modest and restrained. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the development of social history, the rulers went into politics. What impact have these measures had? Today we are going to study the autocratic rule of Ming and Qing empires. Through this introduction, the students not only reviewed the old knowledge: the measures taken by Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi and Emperor Taizong, but also made it clear that the key content of this lesson is the political and ideological measures and their influence in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

(2) Pay attention to the contrast between history and reality, so as to integrate into the teaching of emotional attitudes and values, and let students establish a correct outlook on life and values, a correct historical thinking ability and the ability to distinguish right from wrong. I introduced it this way: I played the Olympic theme song "You and Me", and then I said that in August 2008, China successfully hosted the 29th Olympic Games, which was a grand gathering of sports and unity for people all over the world. A song "You and Me" has brought people from all over the world closer to each other's hearts, and sang the hearts of people from all over the world who love and yearn for peace. However, two world wars broke out in succession in the 20th century, which not only caused worldwide manpower and material resources. World War II, in particular, is a rare, cruelest and largest war in human history, which has brought endless pain and disaster to people of all countries, and the pain of the war continues to this day. In order to prevent the tragedy of the world war from happening again today, let's review the history of the two world wars.

(3) Make full use of teaching materials.

When I was teaching The Historical Tide of the Reunification of the Motherland, I said that the teacher would send you a song today. What area do you listen to? So, I sang; You know Ma Gang, that's not my real name. I've been away from you for too long, mom! But they captured my body, and you still have my soul. You know "Macau" is not my real name. I've been away from you for too long, mom! But they took my body, and you still have my inner soul. My birth mother, who has dreamed for 300 years, please call my son's real name: call me Macau. Mom! Mom! I want to come back, mom! Mom! As soon as the students heard it, they knew it was Macao. I went on to say, yes, this is Macau in Mr. Wen Yiduo's Song of Seven Sons. So which country occupied Macao and when did it return to the motherland? What system is implemented in this area? Today, we are going to study the historical trend of the reunification of the motherland.

(4) adopt multimedia means

There are many video materials that can be used to teach history. Major events and important people in different historical stages have been filmed into film and television works, which can be used for teaching.

In short, through the introduction of teaching, students' learning intention and interest are stimulated, and teaching is carried out on the psychological basis of students' desire, willingness and willingness to learn.

Third, create teaching characteristics, improve the comprehensive quality of teachers, take teachers as the leading factor, students as the main body, take problems as the center, and take solving problems as the focus of classroom teaching.

First of all, we should improve teachers' comprehensive quality and create teaching characteristics. There is an old educational saying in China, "Learn from your teacher and believe in it." Teachers' personality charm and the teaching art of classroom teaching are the primary factors to make students like history class. Look at Yi Zhongtian! Look at Ji Lianhai! Look at Wang Liqun! How vivid and wise their explanations are, how good at setting doubts and satisfying the appetite of the audience! The teacher's emotional contagion loves every student.

Secondly, students should be the main body. "Just classmates and teenagers, in their prime; Scholar spirit, Fang Qiu ",students are in the prime of life, they are full of ideals and passion, why can't we give them a chance and give them a stage to display their talents? Under the guidance of teachers, let students solve problems independently, cooperatively and exploringly. Let every student participate in the study. It is necessary to reduce classroom teaching time, reduce teaching nutrition, enhance students' hunger, maximize students' learning in activities, develop on their own initiative, increase their knowledge in cooperation and innovate in exploration.

Third, problem-centered teaching, taking solving problems as the focus of classroom teaching.

Aristotle said, "Thinking begins with surprise and doubt". Teaching should be problem-centered, and solving problems should be the focus of classroom teaching. Problem-centered teaching method is a teaching method that teachers firmly grasp the key points and difficulties in history teaching, create thinking situations, present the knowledge reviewed in teaching in the form of problem groups, and focus on solving problems in classroom teaching, so as to fully mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, stimulate students' motivation and interest in learning history knowledge, effectively master history knowledge, develop students' thinking and creativity, and teach students how to learn.

Please note the following points:

1, the content of the question, that is, what to ask? First, the content of questions should be closely related to the curriculum standards and the requirements of the three-dimensional objectives of this course, with strong pertinence. Second, the problem should reflect the internal connection of the content of the textbook. Third, the problems should be hierarchical and orderly. Fourth, based on the teaching materials, taking all students as the criterion, and taking the knowledge of important and difficult points and documents of the text as the main content. Fifth, don't be too superficial.

2, ask the object, that is, who to ask?

(1) Pay more attention to students who study at average or below?

(2) It is best to be an excellent student with difficult and flexible questions.

(3) Students who answer questions should not always focus on a few people, but pay attention to the whole class.

3, the way to ask questions, that is, how to ask? First, the expression of the question should be concise, accurate, simple and step by step. Second, the question should be enlightening. Third, teachers should be good at encouraging and guiding.

4, the way to solve the problem

(1) Pay attention to students' independent reading and thinking, and give priority to independent learning. Reading is an important way for students to acquire knowledge, develop their ability and improve their spirit. No matter what subjects are taught, we should take students as the center, let students solve relatively simple problems through independent reading, and try to solve problems at the reciting level on the basis of students' reading.

(2) Difficult problems can be solved by group cooperation, and the answers are incomplete or students don't understand them well. Teachers can guide students to make rational use of fine print, famous sayings, maps, pictures and other materials in textbooks to help students understand.

(3) Understanding the study of historical knowledge in the context of this unit, this book or world history. (4) Pay attention to the transition between problems and achieve mastery through a comprehensive study.

(5) Teachers help students form a knowledge network and do a good job in blackboard writing design.

Fourth, do a good job in the teaching of emotional attitudes and values.

Learning history is not only a simple understanding of historical events, but more importantly, taking history as a mirror to guide our actions today and establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values.

Gradually understand China's national conditions, understand and love the excellent cultural traditions of the Chinese nation, form a sense of identity with the history and culture of the motherland, initially establish a sense of historical responsibility and mission to the country and the nation, cultivate patriotic feelings, and gradually establish a life ideal of contributing to the socialist modernization of the motherland and the cause of peace and progress of mankind.

Form a sound personality and healthy aesthetic taste, establish a positive attitude towards life, a strong will and a spirit of unity and cooperation, enhance the ability to resist setbacks and adapt to the living environment, and lay a good foundation for establishing a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values.

On the basis of realizing that science and technology have brought great material progress to the development of human history, we will gradually form a consciousness of advocating scientific spirit and establish a scientific attitude of seeking truth, seeking truth and innovation.

Understand the evolution of autocracy and democracy, rule of man and rule of law in history, realize that it is an inevitable trend of human historical development to change from autocracy to democracy and rule of man to rule of law, and constantly strengthen the awareness of democracy and legal system.

Understand the diversity of historical development of human society, understand and respect the cultural traditions of all countries, regions and nationalities in the world, learn from the outstanding achievements of civilization created by mankind, and gradually form an international consciousness facing the world and the future.

Fifth, do exercises to consolidate recitation teaching.

I think: as far as history is concerned, in the process of students' learning, practice and recitation are important links to consolidate what they have learned.

Setting of exercise questions:

1, we should closely follow the requirements of curriculum standards, reflect the different requirements of memorization, understanding and application, and pay attention to the consolidation of basic knowledge.

2. The types of questions should be appropriate, and strive to be few and precise to form a complete knowledge system.

3. Teachers carefully set exercises in each class and practice and revise them in class to make up for the shortcomings in classroom teaching in time.

4. Ask the students to write the questions in the exercise book after making clear the answers to the questions, which will also be the main content of reciting this lesson.

Review class link:

1. Try to make students understand and remember, and pay attention to the accuracy of recitation.

2. Pay attention to the systematic memory of knowledge.

3. Ask more questions and pay attention to all students. Everyone can pass the exam, but it takes up class time. When teachers ask questions to students, they can change the angle of questioning and create questioning situations.

4, more incentives to form a competitive atmosphere.

In addition, we should also reflect on teaching. Growth = experience+reflection. Patient reflection after class is the ladder to create an efficient and high-quality history classroom. Teaching is an art as well as a technology. In the process of implementing a well-designed class, there may be unexpected events that require you to improvise, or there may be flashes of inspiration to add bright colors to your class. After-class reflection should pick up and record these fragments scattered in classroom memory, which will be the nutrition for our professional development and self-growth. This will also become a ladder to build an efficient history classroom, and we will continue to climb it. Efficient and high-quality history class is always our goal.

Yu, a famous expert in curriculum reform and a professor at Fujian Normal University, believes that the biggest challenge of current curriculum reform to classroom teaching is inefficiency. We can't just talk on paper. We should apply the theory of effective teaching to the concrete practice of our history classroom teaching, and effectively improve the effectiveness of history classroom teaching. We also need teachers to exert their personal wisdom, combine the theory of effective teaching with the specific learning situation of students, and embark on a road of educational reform with their own characteristics.